/*
 * Copyright 2004-2013 H2 Group. Multiple-Licensed under the H2 License,
 * Version 1.0, and under the Eclipse Public License, Version 1.0
 * (http://h2database.com/html/license.html).
 * Initial Developer: H2 Group
 */
package org.h2.jaqu;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * A class that implements this interface can be used as a database table.
 * <p>
 * You may implement the Table interface on your model object and optionally use
 * JQColumn annotations (which imposes a compile-time and runtime-dependency on
 * JaQu), or may choose to use the JQTable and JQColumn annotations only (which
 * imposes a compile-time and runtime-dependency on this file only).
 * <p>
 * If a class is annotated with JQTable and at the same time implements Table,
 * the define() method is not called.
 * <p>
 * Supported data types:
 * <table>
 * <tr>
 * <td>java.lang.String</td>
 * <td>VARCHAR (maxLength > 0) / TEXT (maxLength == 0)</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td>java.lang.Boolean</td><td>BIT</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td>java.lang.Byte</td><td>TINYINT</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td>java.lang.Short</td><td>SMALLINT</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td>java.lang.Integer</td><td>INT</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td>java.lang.Long</td><td>BIGINT</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td>java.lang.Float</td><td>REAL</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td>java.lang.Double</td><td>DOUBLE</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td>java.math.BigDecimal</td><td>DECIMAL</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td>java.util.Date</td><td>TIMESTAMP</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td>java.sql.Date</td><td>DATE</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td>java.sql.Time</td><td>TIME</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td>java.sql.Timestamp</td><td>TIMESTAMP</td>
 * </tr>
 * </table>
 * <p>
 * Unsupported data types: binary types (BLOB, etc), and custom types.
 * <p>
 * Table and field mapping: by default, the mapped table name is the class name
 * and the public fields are reflectively mapped, by their name, to columns. As
 * an alternative, you may specify both the table and column definition by
 * annotations.
 * <p>
 * Table Interface: you may set additional parameters such as table name,
 * primary key, and indexes in the define() method.
 * <p>
 * Annotations: you may use the annotations with or without implementing the
 * Table interface. The annotations allow you to decouple your model completely
 * from JaQu other than this file.
 * <p>
 * Automatic model generation: you may automatically generate model classes as
 * strings with the Db and DbInspector objects:
 * <pre>
 * Db db = Db.open(&quot;jdbc:h2:mem:&quot;, &quot;sa&quot;, &quot;sa&quot;);
 * DbInspector inspector = new DbInspector(db);
 * List&lt;String&gt; models =
 *         inspector.generateModel(schema, table, packageName,
 *         annotateSchema, trimStrings)
 * </pre>
 * Or you may use the GenerateModels tool to generate and save your classes to
 * the file system:
 * <pre>
 * java -cp h2jaqu.jar org.h2.jaqu.util.GenerateModels
 *      -url &quot;jdbc:h2:mem:&quot;
 *      -user sa -password sa -schema schemaName -table tableName
 *      -package packageName -folder destination
 *      -annotateSchema false -trimStrings true
 * </pre>
 *
 * Model validation: you may validate your model class with DbInspector object.
 * The DbInspector will report errors, warnings, and suggestions:
 * <pre>
 * Db db = Db.open(&quot;jdbc:h2:mem:&quot;, &quot;sa&quot;, &quot;sa&quot;);
 * DbInspector inspector = new DbInspector(db);
 * List&lt;Validation&gt; remarks =
 *         inspector.validateModel(new MyModel(), throwOnError);
 * for (Validation remark : remarks) {
 *     System.out.println(remark);
 * }
 * </pre>
 */
public interface Table {

    /**
     * An annotation for a database.
     */
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
    public @interface JQDatabase {

        /**
         * If set to a non-zero value, JaQu
         * maintains a "_jq_versions" table within your database. The
         * version number is used to call to a registered
         * DbUpgrader implementation to perform relevant ALTER statements.
         * Default: 0.
         * You must specify a DbUpgrader on your Db object to
         * use this parameter.
         */
        int version() default 0;

    }

    /**
     * An annotation for a schema.
     */
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
    public @interface JQSchema {

        /**
         * The schema may be optionally specified.
         * Default: unspecified.
         */
        String name() default "";

    }

    /**
     * Enumeration defining the 4 index types.
     */
    public static enum IndexType {
        STANDARD, UNIQUE, HASH, UNIQUE_HASH;
    }

    /**
     * An index annotation.
     */
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
    public @interface JQIndex {

        /**
         * Standard indexes may be optionally specified.
         * <ul>
         * <li>standard = "id, name"</li>
         * <li>standard = "id name"</li>
         * <li>standard = { "id name", "date" }</li>
         * </ul>
         * Standard indexes may still be added in the define() method if
         * the model class is not annotated with JQTable.
         * Default: unspecified.
         */
        String[] standard() default {};

        /**
         * Unique indexes may be optionally specified.
         * <ul>
         * <li>unique = "id, name"</li>
         * <li>unique = "id name"</li>
         * <li>unique = { "id name", "date" }</li>
         * </ul>
         * Unique indexes may still be added in the define() method if
         * the model class is not annotated with JQTable.
         * Default: unspecified.
         */
        String[] unique() default {};

        /**
         * Hash indexes may be optionally specified.
         * <ul>
         * <li>hash = "name"
         * <li>hash = { "name", "date" }
         * </ul>
         * Hash indexes may still be added in the define() method if
         * the model class is not annotated with JQTable.
         * Default: unspecified.
         */
        String[] hash() default {};

        /**
         * Unique hash indexes may be optionally specified.
         * <ul>
         * <li>uniqueHash = "id"
         * <li>uniqueHash = "name"
         * <li>uniqueHash = { "id", "name" }
         * </ul>
         * Unique hash indexes may still be added in the define() method if
         * the model class is not annotated with JQTable.
         * Default: unspecified.
         */
        String[] uniqueHash() default {};

    }

    /**
     * Annotation to define a table.
     */
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
    public @interface JQTable {

        /**
         * The table name. If not specified the
         * class name is used as the table name.
         * <p>
         * The table name may still be overridden in the define() method
         * if the model class is not annotated with JQTable.
         * Default: unspecified.
         */
        String name() default "";

        /**
         * The primary key may be optionally specified. If it is not
         * specified, then no primary key is set by the JQTable annotation.
         * You may specify a composite primary key.
         * <ul>
         * <li>primaryKey = "id, name"
         * <li>primaryKey = "id name"
         * </ul>
         * The primary key may still be overridden in the define() method
         * if the model class is not annotated with JQTable.
         * Default: unspecified.
         */
        String primaryKey() default "";

        /**
         * The inherit columns allows this model class to inherit columns from
         * its super class. Any JQTable annotation present on the super class is
         * ignored.
         * Default: false.
         */
        boolean inheritColumns() default false;

        /**
         * Whether or not JaQu tries to create the table and indexes. Default:
         * true.
         */
        boolean createIfRequired() default true;

        /**
         * Whether only supported types are mapped.
         * If true, unsupported mapped types will throw a RuntimeException.
         * If false, unsupported mapped types will default to VARCHAR.
         * Default: true.
         */
        boolean strictTypeMapping() default true;

        /**
         * If true, only fields that are explicitly
         * annotated as JQColumn are mapped.
         * Default: true.
         */
        boolean annotationsOnly() default true;

        /**
         * If true, this table is created as a memory table where data is persistent,
         * but index data is kept in main memory.
         * Valid only for H2 databases.
         * Default: false.
         */
        boolean memoryTable() default false;

        /**
         * If non-zero, JaQu will
         * maintain a "_jq_versions" table within your database. The
         * version number is used to call to a registered
         * DbUpgrader implementation to perform relevant ALTER
         * statements.
         * Default: 0.
         * You must specify a DbUpgrader on your Db object to
         * use this parameter.
         */
        int version() default 0;
    }

    /**
     * Annotation to define a column. Annotated fields may have any scope
     * (however, the JVM may raise a SecurityException if the SecurityManager
     * doesn't allow JaQu to access the field.)
     */
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Target(ElementType.FIELD)
    public @interface JQColumn {

        /**
         * If not specified, the field name is used as the column name.
         * Default: the field name.
         */
        String name() default "";

        /**
         * This column is the primary key.
         * Default: false.
         */
        boolean primaryKey() default false;

        /**
         * The column is created with a
         * sequence as the default value.
         * Default: false.
         */
        boolean autoIncrement() default false;

        /**
         * If larger than zero, it is used during the CREATE TABLE phase. It
         * may also be used to prevent database exceptions on INSERT
         * and UPDATE statements (see trimString).
         * <p>
         * Any maxLength set in define() may override this annotation
         * setting if the model class is not annotated with JQTable.
         * Default: 0.
         */
        int maxLength() default 0;

        /**
         * If true, JaQu will automatically trim the
         * string if it exceeds maxLength
         * (value.substring(0, maxLength)).
         * Default: false.
         */
        boolean trimString() default false;

        /**
         * If false, JaQu will set
         * the column NOT NULL during the CREATE TABLE phase.
         * Default: false.
         */
        boolean allowNull() default false;

        /**
         * The default value assigned to the column during the CREATE TABLE
         * phase. This field could contain a literal single-quoted value, or a
         * function call. Empty strings are considered NULL. Examples:
         * <ul>
         * <li>defaultValue="" (null)
         * <li>defaultValue="CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"
         * <li>defaultValue="''" (empty string)
         * <li>defaultValue="'0'"
         * <li>defaultValue="'1970-01-01 00:00:01'"
         * </ul>
         * if the default value is specified, and auto increment is disabled,
         * and primary key is disabled, then this value is included in the
         * "DEFAULT ..." phrase of a column during the CREATE TABLE process.
         * Default: unspecified (null).
         */
        String defaultValue() default "";

    }

    /**
     * This method is called to let the table define the primary key, indexes,
     * and the table name.
     */
    void define();

}
