Avoid catching Throwable.

h2/src/main/org/h2/command/Command.java

@@ -206,9 +206,6 @@ public abstract class Command implements CommandInterface {
                     database.checkPowerOff();
                     try {
                         return update();
-                    } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
-                        MemoryUtils.freeReserveMemory();
-                        throw Message.convert(e);
                     } catch (SQLException e) {
                         if (e.getErrorCode() == ErrorCode.CONCURRENT_UPDATE_1) {
                             long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
@@ -227,8 +224,10 @@ public abstract class Command implements CommandInterface {
                             continue;
                         }
                         throw e;
-                    } catch (Throwable e) {
+                    } catch (Exception e) {
                         throw Message.convert(e);
+                    } catch (Throwable e) {
+                        throw Message.convertThrowable(e);
                     }
                 }
             } catch (SQLException e) {

h2/src/main/org/h2/engine/Database.java

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ import org.h2.util.BitField;
 import org.h2.util.ByteUtils;
 import org.h2.util.ClassUtils;
 import org.h2.util.FileUtils;
+import org.h2.util.MemoryUtils;
 import org.h2.util.NetUtils;
 import org.h2.util.New;
 import org.h2.util.ObjectArray;
@@ -218,6 +219,7 @@ public class Database implements DataHandler {
 
     private void openDatabase(int traceLevelFile, int traceLevelSystemOut, boolean closeAtVmShutdown) throws SQLException {
         try {
+            MemoryUtils.allocateReserveMemory();
             open(traceLevelFile, traceLevelSystemOut);
             if (closeAtVmShutdown) {
                 try {
@@ -234,6 +236,10 @@ public class Database implements DataHandler {
                 }
             }
         } catch (Throwable e) {
+            if (e instanceof OutOfMemoryError) {
+                MemoryUtils.freeReserveMemory();
+                e.fillInStackTrace();
+            }
             if (traceSystem != null) {
                 if (e instanceof SQLException) {
                     SQLException e2 = (SQLException) e;
@@ -245,7 +251,10 @@ public class Database implements DataHandler {
                 traceSystem.close();
             }
             closeOpenFilesAndUnlock(false);
-            throw Message.convert(e);
+            if (e instanceof Error) {
+                throw (Error) e;
+            }
+            throw Message.convert((Exception) e);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1157,19 +1166,23 @@ public class Database implements DataHandler {
         }
         try {
             if (systemSession != null) {
-                for (Table table : getAllTablesAndViews()) {
-                    table.close(systemSession);
-                }
-                for (SchemaObject obj : getAllSchemaObjects(DbObject.SEQUENCE)) {
-                    Sequence sequence = (Sequence) obj;
-                    sequence.close();
+                if (powerOffCount != -1) {
+                    for (Table table : getAllTablesAndViews()) {
+                        table.close(systemSession);
+                    }
+                    for (SchemaObject obj : getAllSchemaObjects(DbObject.SEQUENCE)) {
+                        Sequence sequence = (Sequence) obj;
+                        sequence.close();
+                    }
                 }
                 for (SchemaObject obj : getAllSchemaObjects(DbObject.TRIGGER)) {
                     TriggerObject trigger = (TriggerObject) obj;
                     trigger.close();
                 }
-                meta.close(systemSession);
-                systemSession.commit(true);
+                if (powerOffCount != -1) {
+                    meta.close(systemSession);
+                    systemSession.commit(true);
+                }
                 indexSummaryValid = true;
             }
         } catch (SQLException e) {

h2/src/main/org/h2/engine/SessionRemote.java

@@ -314,8 +314,10 @@ public class SessionRemote extends SessionWithState implements SessionFactory, D
                     className = StringUtils.trim(className, true, true, "'");
                     try {
                         eventListener = (DatabaseEventListener) ClassUtils.loadUserClass(className).newInstance();
-                    } catch (Throwable e) {
+                    } catch (Exception e) {
                         throw Message.convert(e);
+                    } catch (Throwable e) {
+                        throw Message.convertThrowable(e);
                     }
                 }
             }

h2/src/main/org/h2/log/LogFile.java

@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ public class LogFile {
             // this is not necessarily at the end of the log file
             // set the log system to read only so the current log file stays when closing
             logSystem.setReadOnly(true);
-            throw Message.convert(e);
+            throw Message.convertThrowable(e);
         } catch (Throwable e) {
             database.getTrace(Trace.LOG).error("Error reading log file (non-fatal)", e);
             // on power loss, sometime there is garbage at the end of the file

h2/src/main/org/h2/log/LogSystem.java

@@ -187,11 +187,10 @@ public class LogSystem {
                 if (!containsInDoubtTransactions() && checkpoint) {
                     checkpoint();
                 }
-            } catch (SQLException e) {
-                closeException = e;
-            } catch (Throwable e) {
-                // for example out of memory exception
+            } catch (Exception e) {
                 closeException = Message.convert(e);
+            } catch (Throwable e) {
+                closeException = Message.convertThrowable(e);
             }
             for (int i = 0; i < activeLogs.size(); i++) {
                 LogFile l = activeLogs.get(i);

h2/src/main/org/h2/message/Message.java

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import java.util.Map.Entry;
 
 import org.h2.constant.ErrorCode;
 import org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLException;
+import org.h2.util.MemoryUtils;
 import org.h2.util.Resources;
 import org.h2.util.StringUtils;
 
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ public class Message {
      * @param sql the SQL statement or null if it is not known
      * @return the SQL exception object
      */
-    public static SQLException convert(Throwable e, String sql) {
+    public static SQLException convert(Exception e, String sql) {
         SQLException e2 = convert(e);
         if (e2 instanceof JdbcSQLException) {
             ((JdbcSQLException) e2).setSQL(sql);
@@ -247,20 +248,28 @@ public class Message {
         return e2;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Convert a stack overflow error.
+     *
+     * @param e the root cause
+     * @return the SQL exception object
+     */
+    public static SQLException convert(StackOverflowError e) {
+        return getSQLException(ErrorCode.GENERAL_ERROR_1, e);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Convert an exception to a SQL exception using the default mapping.
      *
      * @param e the root cause
      * @return the SQL exception object
      */
-    public static SQLException convert(Throwable e) {
+    public static SQLException convert(Exception e) {
         if (e instanceof InternalException) {
             e = ((InternalException) e).getOriginalCause();
         }
         if (e instanceof SQLException) {
             return (SQLException) e;
-        } else if (e instanceof OutOfMemoryError) {
-            return getSQLException(ErrorCode.OUT_OF_MEMORY, e);
         } else if (e instanceof InvocationTargetException) {
             InvocationTargetException te = (InvocationTargetException) e;
             Throwable t = te.getTargetException();
@@ -274,6 +283,29 @@ public class Message {
         return getSQLException(ErrorCode.GENERAL_ERROR_1, e, e.toString());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Convert a throwable to an SQL exception using the default mapping. For
+     * out of memory errors, this will first try to free up some memory, and if
+     * not possible it will re-throw the error. All errors except the following
+     * are re-thrown: StackOverflowError, LinkageError.
+     *
+     * @param e the root cause
+     * @return the SQL exception object
+     */
+    public static SQLException convertThrowable(Throwable e) {
+        if (e instanceof OutOfMemoryError) {
+            if (MemoryUtils.freeReserveMemory()) {
+                return getSQLException(ErrorCode.OUT_OF_MEMORY, e);
+            }
+            throw (OutOfMemoryError) e;
+        } else if (e instanceof StackOverflowError || e instanceof LinkageError) {
+            return getSQLException(ErrorCode.GENERAL_ERROR_1, e, e.toString());
+        } else if (e instanceof Error) {
+            throw (Error) e;
+        }
+        return getSQLException(ErrorCode.GENERAL_ERROR_1, e, e.toString());
+    }
+
     /**
      * Convert an IO exception to a SQL exception.
      *

h2/src/main/org/h2/server/TcpServer.java

@@ -405,8 +405,10 @@ public class TcpServer implements Service {
         String db = getManagementDbName(port);
         try {
             org.h2.Driver.load();
-        } catch (Throwable e) {
+        } catch (Exception e) {
             throw Message.convert(e);
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            throw Message.convertThrowable(e);
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
             Connection conn = null;

h2/src/main/org/h2/server/TcpServerThread.java

@@ -184,7 +184,12 @@ public class TcpServerThread implements Runnable {
 
     private void sendError(Throwable e) {
         try {
-            SQLException s = Message.convert(e);
+            SQLException s;
+            if (e instanceof Exception) {
+                s = Message.convert((Exception) e);
+            } else {
+                s = Message.convertThrowable(e);
+            }
             StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
             e.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(writer));
             String trace = writer.toString();

h2/src/main/org/h2/table/TableData.java

@@ -140,7 +140,10 @@ public class TableData extends Table implements RecordReader {
                 trace.error("Could not undo operation", e);
                 throw e2;
             }
-            throw Message.convert(e);
+            if (e instanceof Exception) {
+                throw Message.convert((Exception) e);
+            }
+            throw Message.convertThrowable(e);
         }
     }
 
@@ -380,7 +383,10 @@ public class TableData extends Table implements RecordReader {
                 trace.error("Could not undo operation", e);
                 throw e2;
             }
-            throw Message.convert(e);
+            if (e instanceof Exception) {
+                throw Message.convert((Exception) e);
+            }
+            throw Message.convertThrowable(e);
         }
     }
 

h2/src/main/org/h2/util/MemoryUtils.java

@@ -90,9 +90,15 @@ public class MemoryUtils {
 
     /**
      * Free up the reserve memory.
+     *
+     * @return if memory could be freed up.
      */
-    public static void freeReserveMemory() {
+    public static boolean freeReserveMemory() {
+        if (reserveMemory == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
         reserveMemory = null;
+        return true;
     }
 
     /**