advanced_1000_h1=Advanced
advanced_1001_a=\ Result Sets
advanced_1002_a=\ Large Objects
advanced_1003_a=\ Linked Tables
advanced_1004_a=\ Recursive Queries
advanced_1005_a=\ Transaction Isolation
advanced_1006_a=\ Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC)
advanced_1007_a=\ Clustering / High Availability
advanced_1008_a=\ Two Phase Commit
advanced_1009_a=\ Compatibility
advanced_1010_a=\ Standards Compliance
advanced_1011_a=\ Run as Windows Service
advanced_1012_a=\ ODBC Driver
advanced_1013_a=\ Using H2 in Microsoft .NET
advanced_1014_a=\ ACID
advanced_1015_a=\ Durability Problems
advanced_1016_a=\ Using the Recover Tool
advanced_1017_a=\ File Locking Protocols
advanced_1018_a=\ File Locking Method 'Serialized'
advanced_1019_a=\ Using Passwords
advanced_1020_a=\ Password Hash
advanced_1021_a=\ Protection against SQL Injection
advanced_1022_a=\ Protection against Remote Access
advanced_1023_a=\ Restricting Class Loading and Usage
advanced_1024_a=\ Security Protocols
advanced_1025_a=\ SSL/TLS Connections
advanced_1026_a=\ Universally Unique Identifiers (UUID)
advanced_1027_a=\ Settings Read from System Properties
advanced_1028_a=\ Setting the Server Bind Address
advanced_1029_a=\ Pluggable File System
advanced_1030_a=\ Database Upgrade
advanced_1031_a=\ Limits and Limitations
advanced_1032_a=\ Glossary and Links
advanced_1033_h2=Result Sets
advanced_1034_h3=Statements that Return a Result Set
advanced_1035_p=\ The following statements return a result set\: <code>SELECT, EXPLAIN, CALL, SCRIPT, SHOW, HELP</code>. All other statements return an update count. 
advanced_1036_h3=Limiting the Number of Rows
advanced_1037_p=\ Before the result is returned to the application, all rows are read by the database. Server side cursors are not supported currently. If only the first few rows are interesting for the application, then the result set size should be limited to improve the performance. This can be done using <code>LIMIT</code> in a query (example\: <code>SELECT * FROM TEST LIMIT 100</code>), or by using <code>Statement.setMaxRows(max)</code>. 
advanced_1038_h3=Large Result Sets and External Sorting
advanced_1039_p=\ For large result set, the result is buffered to disk. The threshold can be defined using the statement <code>SET MAX_MEMORY_ROWS</code>. If <code>ORDER BY</code> is used, the sorting is done using an external sort algorithm. In this case, each block of rows is sorted using quick sort, then written to disk; when reading the data, the blocks are merged together. 
advanced_1040_h2=Large Objects
advanced_1041_h3=Storing and Reading Large Objects
advanced_1042_p=\ If it is possible that the objects don't fit into memory, then the data type CLOB (for textual data) or BLOB (for binary data) should be used. For these data types, the objects are not fully read into memory, by using streams. To store a BLOB, use <code>PreparedStatement.setBinaryStream</code>. To store a CLOB, use <code>PreparedStatement.setCharacterStream</code>. To read a BLOB, use <code>ResultSet.getBinaryStream</code>, and to read a CLOB, use <code>ResultSet.getCharacterStream</code>. When using the client/server mode, large BLOB and CLOB data is stored in a temporary file on the client side. 
advanced_1043_h3=When to use CLOB/BLOB
advanced_1044_p=\ This database stores large LOB (CLOB and BLOB) objects as separate files. Small LOB objects are stored in-place, the threshold can be set using <a href\="grammar.html\#set_max_length_inplace_lob" class\="notranslate" >MAX_LENGTH_INPLACE_LOB</a>, but there is still an overhead to use CLOB/BLOB. Because of this, BLOB and CLOB should never be used for columns with a maximum size below about 200 bytes. The best threshold depends on the use case; reading in-place objects is faster than reading from separate files, but slows down the performance of operations that don't involve this column. 
advanced_1045_h3=Large Object Compression
advanced_1046_p=\ CLOB and BLOB values can be compressed by using <a href\="grammar.html\#set_compress_lob" class\="notranslate" >SET COMPRESS_LOB</a>. The LZF algorithm is faster but needs more disk space. By default compression is disabled, which usually speeds up write operations. If you store many large compressible values such as XML, HTML, text, and uncompressed binary files, then compressing can save a lot of disk space (sometimes more than 50%), and read operations may even be faster. 
advanced_1047_h2=Linked Tables
advanced_1048_p=\ This database supports linked tables, which means tables that don't exist in the current database but are just links to another database. To create such a link, use the <code>CREATE LINKED TABLE</code> statement\: 
advanced_1049_p=\ You can then access the table in the usual way. Whenever the linked table is accessed, the database issues specific queries over JDBC. Using the example above, if you issue the query <code>SELECT * FROM LINK WHERE ID\=1</code>, then the following query is run against the PostgreSQL database\: <code>SELECT * FROM TEST WHERE ID\=?</code>. The same happens for insert and update statements. Only simple statements are executed against the target database, that means no joins. Prepared statements are used where possible. 
advanced_1050_p=\ To view the statements that are executed against the target table, set the trace level to 3. 
advanced_1051_p=\ If multiple linked tables point to the same database (using the same database URL), the connection is shared. To disable this, set the system property <code>h2.shareLinkedConnections\=false</code>. 
advanced_1052_p=\ The statement <a href\="grammar.html\#create_linked_table" class\="notranslate" >CREATE LINKED TABLE</a> supports an optional schema name parameter. 
advanced_1053_h2=Transaction Isolation
advanced_1054_p=\ Transaction isolation is provided for all data manipulation language (DML) statements. Most data definition language (DDL) statements commit the current transaction. See the <a href\="grammar.html">Grammar</a> for details. 
advanced_1055_p=\ This database supports the following transaction isolation levels\: 
advanced_1056_b=Read Committed
advanced_1057_li=\ This is the default level. Read locks are released immediately after executing the statement, but write locks are kept until the transaction commits. Higher concurrency is possible when using this level.
advanced_1058_li=\ To enable, execute the SQL statement <code>SET LOCK_MODE 3</code>
advanced_1059_li=\ or append <code>;LOCK_MODE\=3</code> to the database URL\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;LOCK_MODE\=3</code> 
advanced_1060_b=Serializable
advanced_1061_li=\ Both read locks and write locks are kept until the transaction commits. To enable, execute the SQL statement <code>SET LOCK_MODE 1</code>
advanced_1062_li=\ or append <code>;LOCK_MODE\=1</code> to the database URL\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;LOCK_MODE\=1</code> 
advanced_1063_b=Read Uncommitted
advanced_1064_li=\ This level means that transaction isolation is disabled.
advanced_1065_li=\ To enable, execute the SQL statement <code>SET LOCK_MODE 0</code>
advanced_1066_li=\ or append <code>;LOCK_MODE\=0</code> to the database URL\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;LOCK_MODE\=0</code> 
advanced_1067_p=\ When using the isolation level 'serializable', dirty reads, non-repeatable reads, and phantom reads are prohibited. 
advanced_1068_b=Dirty Reads
advanced_1069_li=\ Means a connection can read uncommitted changes made by another connection.
advanced_1070_li=\ Possible with\: read uncommitted 
advanced_1071_b=Non-Repeatable Reads
advanced_1072_li=\ A connection reads a row, another connection changes a row and commits, and the first connection re-reads the same row and gets the new result.
advanced_1073_li=\ Possible with\: read uncommitted, read committed 
advanced_1074_b=Phantom Reads
advanced_1075_li=\ A connection reads a set of rows using a condition, another connection inserts a row that falls in this condition and commits, then the first connection re-reads using the same condition and gets the new row.
advanced_1076_li=\ Possible with\: read uncommitted, read committed 
advanced_1077_h3=Table Level Locking
advanced_1078_p=\ The database allows multiple concurrent connections to the same database. To make sure all connections only see consistent data, table level locking is used by default. This mechanism does not allow high concurrency, but is very fast. Shared locks and exclusive locks are supported. Before reading from a table, the database tries to add a shared lock to the table (this is only possible if there is no exclusive lock on the object by another connection). If the shared lock is added successfully, the table can be read. It is allowed that other connections also have a shared lock on the same object. If a connection wants to write to a table (update or delete a row), an exclusive lock is required. To get the exclusive lock, other connection must not have any locks on the object. After the connection commits, all locks are released. This database keeps all locks in memory. When a lock is released, and multiple connections are waiting for it, one of them is picked at random. 
advanced_1079_h3=Lock Timeout
advanced_1080_p=\ If a connection cannot get a lock on an object, the connection waits for some amount of time (the lock timeout). During this time, hopefully the connection holding the lock commits and it is then possible to get the lock. If this is not possible because the other connection does not release the lock for some time, the unsuccessful connection will get a lock timeout exception. The lock timeout can be set individually for each connection. 
advanced_1081_h2=Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC)
advanced_1082_p=\ The MVCC feature allows higher concurrency than using (table level or row level) locks. When using MVCC in this database, delete, insert and update operations will only issue a shared lock on the table. An exclusive lock is still used when adding or removing columns, when dropping the table, and when using <code>SELECT ... FOR UPDATE</code>. Connections only 'see' committed data, and own changes. That means, if connection A updates a row but doesn't commit this change yet, connection B will see the old value. Only when the change is committed, the new value is visible by other connections (read committed). If multiple connections concurrently try to update the same row, the database waits until it can apply the change, but at most until the lock timeout expires. 
advanced_1083_p=\ To use the MVCC feature, append <code>;MVCC\=TRUE</code> to the database URL\: 
advanced_1084_p=\ MVCC is disabled by default. The MVCC feature is not fully tested yet. The limitations of the MVCC mode are\: it can not be used at the same time as <code>MULTI_THREADED\=TRUE</code>; the complete undo log must fit in memory when using multi-version concurrency (the setting <code>MAX_MEMORY_UNDO</code> has no effect). It is not possible to enable or disable this setting while the database is already open. The setting must be specified in the first connection (the one that opens the database). 
advanced_1085_h2=Clustering / High Availability
advanced_1086_p=\ This database supports a simple clustering / high availability mechanism. The architecture is\: two database servers run on two different computers, and on both computers is a copy of the same database. If both servers run, each database operation is executed on both computers. If one server fails (power, hardware or network failure), the other server can still continue to work. From this point on, the operations will be executed only on one server until the other server is back up. 
advanced_1087_p=\ Clustering can only be used in the server mode (the embedded mode does not support clustering). The cluster can be re-created using the <code>CreateCluster</code> tool without stopping the remaining server. Applications that are still connected are automatically disconnected, however when appending <code>;AUTO_RECONNECT\=TRUE</code>, they will recover from that. 
advanced_1088_p=\ To initialize the cluster, use the following steps\: 
advanced_1089_li=Create a database 
advanced_1090_li=Use the <code>CreateCluster</code> tool to copy the database to another location and initialize the clustering. Afterwards, you have two databases containing the same data. 
advanced_1091_li=Start two servers (one for each copy of the database) 
advanced_1092_li=You are now ready to connect to the databases with the client application(s) 
advanced_1093_h3=Using the CreateCluster Tool
advanced_1094_p=\ To understand how clustering works, please try out the following example. In this example, the two databases reside on the same computer, but usually, the databases will be on different servers. 
advanced_1095_li=Create two directories\: <code>server1, server2</code>. Each directory will simulate a directory on a computer. 
advanced_1096_li=Start a TCP server pointing to the first directory. You can do this using the command line\: 
advanced_1097_li=Start a second TCP server pointing to the second directory. This will simulate a server running on a second (redundant) computer. You can do this using the command line\: 
advanced_1098_li=Use the <code>CreateCluster</code> tool to initialize clustering. This will automatically create a new, empty database if it does not exist. Run the tool on the command line\: 
advanced_1099_li=You can now connect to the databases using an application or the H2 Console using the JDBC URL <code>jdbc\:h2\:tcp\://localhost\:9101,localhost\:9102/~/test</code> 
advanced_1100_li=If you stop a server (by killing the process), you will notice that the other machine continues to work, and therefore the database is still accessible. 
advanced_1101_li=To restore the cluster, you first need to delete the database that failed, then restart the server that was stopped, and re-run the <code>CreateCluster</code> tool. 
advanced_1102_h3=Detect Which Cluster Instances are Running
advanced_1103_p=\ To find out which cluster nodes are currently running, execute the following SQL statement\: 
advanced_1104_p=\ If the result is <code>''</code> (two single quotes), then the cluster mode is disabled. Otherwise, the list of servers is returned, enclosed in single quote. Example\: <code>'server1\:9191,server2\:9191'</code>. 
advanced_1105_h3=Clustering Algorithm and Limitations
advanced_1106_p=\ Read-only queries are only executed against the first cluster node, but all other statements are executed against all nodes. There is currently no load balancing made to avoid problems with transactions. The following functions may yield different results on different cluster nodes and must be executed with care\: <code>RANDOM_UUID(), SECURE_RAND(), SESSION_ID(), MEMORY_FREE(), MEMORY_USED(), CSVREAD(), CSVWRITE(), RAND()</code> [when not using a seed]. Those functions should not be used directly in modifying statements (for example <code>INSERT, UPDATE, MERGE</code>). However, they can be used in read-only statements and the result can then be used for modifying statements. 
advanced_1107_p=\ When using the cluster modes, result sets are read fully in memory by the client, so that there is no problem if the server dies that executed the query. Result sets must fit in memory on the client side. 
advanced_1108_p=\ The SQL statement <code>SET AUTOCOMMIT FALSE</code> is not supported in the cluster mode. To disable autocommit, the method <code>Connection.setAutoCommit(false)</code> needs to be called. 
advanced_1109_h2=Two Phase Commit
advanced_1110_p=\ The two phase commit protocol is supported. 2-phase-commit works as follows\: 
advanced_1111_li=Autocommit needs to be switched off 
advanced_1112_li=A transaction is started, for example by inserting a row 
advanced_1113_li=The transaction is marked 'prepared' by executing the SQL statement <code>PREPARE COMMIT transactionName</code> 
advanced_1114_li=The transaction can now be committed or rolled back 
advanced_1115_li=If a problem occurs before the transaction was successfully committed or rolled back (for example because a network problem occurred), the transaction is in the state 'in-doubt' 
advanced_1116_li=When re-connecting to the database, the in-doubt transactions can be listed with <code>SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.IN_DOUBT</code> 
advanced_1117_li=Each transaction in this list must now be committed or rolled back by executing <code>COMMIT TRANSACTION transactionName</code> or <code>ROLLBACK TRANSACTION transactionName</code> 
advanced_1118_li=The database needs to be closed and re-opened to apply the changes 
advanced_1119_h2=Compatibility
advanced_1120_p=\ This database is (up to a certain point) compatible to other databases such as HSQLDB, MySQL and PostgreSQL. There are certain areas where H2 is incompatible. 
advanced_1121_h3=Transaction Commit when Autocommit is On
advanced_1122_p=\ At this time, this database engine commits a transaction (if autocommit is switched on) just before returning the result. For a query, this means the transaction is committed even before the application scans through the result set, and before the result set is closed. Other database engines may commit the transaction in this case when the result set is closed. 
advanced_1123_h3=Keywords / Reserved Words
advanced_1124_p=\ There is a list of keywords that can't be used as identifiers (table names, column names and so on), unless they are quoted (surrounded with double quotes). The list is currently\: 
advanced_1125_code=\ CROSS, CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, DISTINCT, EXCEPT, EXISTS, FALSE, FOR, FROM, FULL, GROUP, HAVING, INNER, INTERSECT, IS, JOIN, LIKE, LIMIT, MINUS, NATURAL, NOT, NULL, ON, ORDER, PRIMARY, ROWNUM, SELECT, SYSDATE, SYSTIME, SYSTIMESTAMP, TODAY, TRUE, UNION, UNIQUE, WHERE 
advanced_1126_p=\ Certain words of this list are keywords because they are functions that can be used without '()' for compatibility, for example <code>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</code>. 
advanced_1127_h2=Standards Compliance
advanced_1128_p=\ This database tries to be as much standard compliant as possible. For the SQL language, ANSI/ISO is the main standard. There are several versions that refer to the release date\: SQL-92, SQL\:1999, and SQL\:2003. Unfortunately, the standard documentation is not freely available. Another problem is that important features are not standardized. Whenever this is the case, this database tries to be compatible to other databases. 
advanced_1129_h2=Run as Windows Service
advanced_1130_p=\ Using a native wrapper / adapter, Java applications can be run as a Windows Service. There are various tools available to do that. The Java Service Wrapper from <a href\="http\://wrapper.tanukisoftware.org">Tanuki Software, Inc.</a> is included in the installation. Batch files are provided to install, start, stop and uninstall the H2 Database Engine Service. This service contains the TCP Server and the H2 Console web application. The batch files are located in the directory <code>h2/service</code>. 
advanced_1131_h3=Install the Service
advanced_1132_p=\ The service needs to be registered as a Windows Service first. To do that, double click on <code>1_install_service.bat</code>. If successful, a command prompt window will pop up and disappear immediately. If not, a message will appear. 
advanced_1133_h3=Start the Service
advanced_1134_p=\ You can start the H2 Database Engine Service using the service manager of Windows, or by double clicking on <code>2_start_service.bat</code>. Please note that the batch file does not print an error message if the service is not installed. 
advanced_1135_h3=Connect to the H2 Console
advanced_1136_p=\ After installing and starting the service, you can connect to the H2 Console application using a browser. Double clicking on <code>3_start_browser.bat</code> to do that. The default port (8082) is hard coded in the batch file. 
advanced_1137_h3=Stop the Service
advanced_1138_p=\ To stop the service, double click on <code>4_stop_service.bat</code>. Please note that the batch file does not print an error message if the service is not installed or started. 
advanced_1139_h3=Uninstall the Service
advanced_1140_p=\ To uninstall the service, double click on <code>5_uninstall_service.bat</code>. If successful, a command prompt window will pop up and disappear immediately. If not, a message will appear. 
advanced_1141_h3=Additional JDBC drivers
advanced_1142_p=\ To use other databases (for example MySQL), the location of the JDBC drivers of those databases need to be added to the environment variables <code>H2DRIVERS</code> or <code>CLASSPATH</code> before installing the service. Multiple drivers can be set; each entry needs to be separated with a <code>;</code> (Windows) or <code>\:</code> (other operating systems). Spaces in the path names are supported. The settings must not be quoted. 
advanced_1143_h2=ODBC Driver
advanced_1144_p=\ This database does not come with its own ODBC driver at this time, but it supports the PostgreSQL network protocol. Therefore, the PostgreSQL ODBC driver can be used. Support for the PostgreSQL network protocol is quite new and should be viewed as experimental. It should not be used for production applications. 
advanced_1145_p=\ To use the PostgreSQL ODBC driver on 64 bit versions of Windows, first run <code>c\:/windows/syswow64/odbcad32.exe</code>. At this point you set up your DSN just like you would on any other system. See also\: <a href\="http\://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-odbc/2005-09/msg00125.php">Re\: ODBC Driver on Windows 64 bit</a> 
advanced_1146_h3=ODBC Installation
advanced_1147_p=\ First, the ODBC driver must be installed. Any recent PostgreSQL ODBC driver should work, however version 8.2 (<code>psqlodbc-08_02*</code>) or newer is recommended. The Windows version of the PostgreSQL ODBC driver is available at <a href\="http\://www.postgresql.org/ftp/odbc/versions/msi">http\://www.postgresql.org/ftp/odbc/versions/msi</a>. 
advanced_1148_h3=Starting the Server
advanced_1149_p=\ After installing the ODBC driver, start the H2 Server using the command line\: 
advanced_1150_p=\ The PG Server (PG for PostgreSQL protocol) is started as well. By default, databases are stored in the current working directory where the server is started. Use <code>-baseDir</code> to save databases in another directory, for example the user home directory\: 
advanced_1151_p=\ The PG server can be started and stopped from within a Java application as follows\: 
advanced_1152_p=\ By default, only connections from localhost are allowed. To allow remote connections, use <code>-pgAllowOthers</code> when starting the server. 
advanced_1153_h3=ODBC Configuration
advanced_1154_p=\ After installing the driver, a new Data Source must be added. In Windows, run <code>odbcad32.exe</code> to open the Data Source Administrator. Then click on 'Add...' and select the PostgreSQL Unicode driver. Then click 'Finish'. You will be able to change the connection properties. The property column represents the property key in the <code>odbc.ini</code> file (which may be different from the GUI). 
advanced_1155_th=Property
advanced_1156_th=Example
advanced_1157_th=Remarks
advanced_1158_td=Data Source
advanced_1159_td=H2 Test
advanced_1160_td=The name of the ODBC Data Source
advanced_1161_td=Database
advanced_1162_td=~/test;ifexists\=true
advanced_1163_td=\ The database name. This can include connections settings.
advanced_1164_td=\ By default, the database is stored in the current working directory 
advanced_1165_td=\ where the Server is started except when the -baseDir setting is used. 
advanced_1166_td=\ The name must be at least 3 characters. 
advanced_1167_td=Servername
advanced_1168_td=localhost
advanced_1169_td=The server name or IP address.
advanced_1170_td=By default, only remote connections are allowed
advanced_1171_td=Username
advanced_1172_td=sa
advanced_1173_td=The database user name.
advanced_1174_td=SSL
advanced_1175_td=false (disabled)
advanced_1176_td=At this time, SSL is not supported.
advanced_1177_td=Port
advanced_1178_td=5435
advanced_1179_td=The port where the PG Server is listening.
advanced_1180_td=Password
advanced_1181_td=sa
advanced_1182_td=The database password.
advanced_1183_p=\ To improve performance, please enable 'server side prepare' under Options / Datasource / Page 2 / Server side prepare. 
advanced_1184_p=\ Afterwards, you may use this data source. 
advanced_1185_h3=PG Protocol Support Limitations
advanced_1186_p=\ At this time, only a subset of the PostgreSQL network protocol is implemented. Also, there may be compatibility problems on the SQL level, with the catalog, or with text encoding. Problems are fixed as they are found. Currently, statements can not be canceled when using the PG protocol. Also, H2 does not provide index meta over ODBC. 
advanced_1187_p=\ PostgreSQL ODBC Driver Setup requires a database password; that means it is not possible to connect to H2 databases without password. This is a limitation of the ODBC driver. 
advanced_1188_h3=Security Considerations
advanced_1189_p=\ Currently, the PG Server does not support challenge response or encrypt passwords. This may be a problem if an attacker can listen to the data transferred between the ODBC driver and the server, because the password is readable to the attacker. Also, it is currently not possible to use encrypted SSL connections. Therefore the ODBC driver should not be used where security is important. 
advanced_1190_h3=Using Microsoft Access
advanced_1191_p=\ When using Microsoft Access to edit data in a linked H2 table, you may need to enable the following option\: Tools - Options - Edit/Find - ODBC fields. 
advanced_1192_h2=Using H2 in Microsoft .NET
advanced_1193_p=\ The database can be used from Microsoft .NET even without using Java, by using IKVM.NET. You can access a H2 database on .NET using the JDBC API, or using the ADO.NET interface. 
advanced_1194_h3=Using the ADO.NET API on .NET
advanced_1195_p=\ An implementation of the ADO.NET interface is available in the open source project <a href\="http\://code.google.com/p/h2sharp">H2Sharp</a>. 
advanced_1196_h3=Using the JDBC API on .NET
advanced_1197_li=Install the .NET Framework from <a href\="http\://www.microsoft.com">Microsoft</a>. Mono has not yet been tested. 
advanced_1198_li=Install <a href\="http\://www.ikvm.net">IKVM.NET</a>. 
advanced_1199_li=Copy the <code>h2*.jar</code> file to <code>ikvm/bin</code> 
advanced_1200_li=Run the H2 Console using\: <code>ikvm -jar h2*.jar</code> 
advanced_1201_li=Convert the H2 Console to an <code>.exe</code> file using\: <code>ikvmc -target\:winexe h2*.jar</code>. You may ignore the warnings. 
advanced_1202_li=Create a <code>.dll</code> file using (change the version accordingly)\: <code>ikvmc.exe -target\:library -version\:1.0.69.0 h2*.jar</code> 
advanced_1203_p=\ If you want your C\# application use H2, you need to add the <code>h2.dll</code> and the <code>IKVM.OpenJDK.ClassLibrary.dll</code> to your C\# solution. Here some sample code\: 
advanced_1204_h2=ACID
advanced_1205_p=\ In the database world, ACID stands for\: 
advanced_1206_li=Atomicity\: transactions must be atomic, meaning either all tasks are performed or none. 
advanced_1207_li=Consistency\: all operations must comply with the defined constraints. 
advanced_1208_li=Isolation\: transactions must be isolated from each other. 
advanced_1209_li=Durability\: committed transaction will not be lost. 
advanced_1210_h3=Atomicity
advanced_1211_p=\ Transactions in this database are always atomic. 
advanced_1212_h3=Consistency
advanced_1213_p=\ By default, this database is always in a consistent state. Referential integrity rules are enforced except when explicitly disabled. 
advanced_1214_h3=Isolation
advanced_1215_p=\ For H2, as with most other database systems, the default isolation level is 'read committed'. This provides better performance, but also means that transactions are not completely isolated. H2 supports the transaction isolation levels 'serializable', 'read committed', and 'read uncommitted'. 
advanced_1216_h3=Durability
advanced_1217_p=\ This database does not guarantee that all committed transactions survive a power failure. Tests show that all databases sometimes lose transactions on power failure (for details, see below). Where losing transactions is not acceptable, a laptop or UPS (uninterruptible power supply) should be used. If durability is required for all possible cases of hardware failure, clustering should be used, such as the H2 clustering mode. 
advanced_1218_h2=Durability Problems
advanced_1219_p=\ Complete durability means all committed transaction survive a power failure. Some databases claim they can guarantee durability, but such claims are wrong. A durability test was run against H2, HSQLDB, PostgreSQL, and Derby. All of those databases sometimes lose committed transactions. The test is included in the H2 download, see <code>org.h2.test.poweroff.Test</code>. 
advanced_1220_h3=Ways to (Not) Achieve Durability
advanced_1221_p=\ Making sure that committed transactions are not lost is more complicated than it seems first. To guarantee complete durability, a database must ensure that the log record is on the hard drive before the commit call returns. To do that, databases use different methods. One is to use the 'synchronous write' file access mode. In Java, <code>RandomAccessFile</code> supports the modes <code>rws</code> and <code>rwd</code>\: 
advanced_1222_code=rwd
advanced_1223_li=\: every update to the file's content is written synchronously to the underlying storage device. 
advanced_1224_code=rws
advanced_1225_li=\: in addition to <code>rwd</code>, every update to the metadata is written synchronously.
advanced_1226_p=\ A test (<code>org.h2.test.poweroff.TestWrite</code>) with one of those modes achieves around 50 thousand write operations per second. Even when the operating system write buffer is disabled, the write rate is around 50 thousand operations per second. This feature does not force changes to disk because it does not flush all buffers. The test updates the same byte in the file again and again. If the hard drive was able to write at this rate, then the disk would need to make at least 50 thousand revolutions per second, or 3 million RPM (revolutions per minute). There are no such hard drives. The hard drive used for the test is about 7200 RPM, or about 120 revolutions per second. There is an overhead, so the maximum write rate must be lower than that. 
advanced_1227_p=\ Calling <code>fsync</code> flushes the buffers. There are two ways to do that in Java\: 
advanced_1228_code=FileDescriptor.sync()
advanced_1229_li=. The documentation says that this forces all system buffers to synchronize with the underlying device. This method is supposed to return after all in-memory modified copies of buffers associated with this file descriptor have been written to the physical medium. 
advanced_1230_code=FileChannel.force()
advanced_1231_li=\ (since JDK 1.4). This method is supposed to force any updates to this channel's file to be written to the storage device that contains it. 
advanced_1232_p=\ By default, MySQL calls <code>fsync</code> for each commit. When using one of those methods, only around 60 write operations per second can be achieved, which is consistent with the RPM rate of the hard drive used. Unfortunately, even when calling <code>FileDescriptor.sync()</code> or <code>FileChannel.force()</code>, data is not always persisted to the hard drive, because most hard drives do not obey <code>fsync()</code>\: see <a href\="http\://hardware.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid\=05/05/13/0529252">Your Hard Drive Lies to You</a>. In Mac OS X, <code>fsync</code> does not flush hard drive buffers. See <a href\="http\://lists.apple.com/archives/darwin-dev/2005/Feb/msg00072.html">Bad fsync?</a>. So the situation is confusing, and tests prove there is a problem. 
advanced_1233_p=\ Trying to flush hard drive buffers is hard, and if you do the performance is very bad. First you need to make sure that the hard drive actually flushes all buffers. Tests show that this can not be done in a reliable way. Then the maximum number of transactions is around 60 per second. Because of those reasons, the default behavior of H2 is to delay writing committed transactions. 
advanced_1234_p=\ In H2, after a power failure, a bit more than one second of committed transactions may be lost. To change the behavior, use <code>SET WRITE_DELAY</code> and <code>CHECKPOINT SYNC</code>. Most other databases support commit delay as well. In the performance comparison, commit delay was used for all databases that support it. 
advanced_1235_h3=Running the Durability Test
advanced_1236_p=\ To test the durability / non-durability of this and other databases, you can use the test application in the package <code>org.h2.test.poweroff</code>. Two computers with network connection are required to run this test. One computer just listens, while the test application is run (and power is cut) on the other computer. The computer with the listener application opens a TCP/IP port and listens for an incoming connection. The second computer first connects to the listener, and then created the databases and starts inserting records. The connection is set to 'autocommit', which means after each inserted record a commit is performed automatically. Afterwards, the test computer notifies the listener that this record was inserted successfully. The listener computer displays the last inserted record number every 10 seconds. Now, switch off the power manually, then restart the computer, and run the application again. You will find out that in most cases, none of the databases contains all the records that the listener computer knows about. For details, please consult the source code of the listener and test application. 
advanced_1237_h2=Using the Recover Tool
advanced_1238_p=\ The <code>Recover</code> tool can be used to extract the contents of a database file, even if the database is corrupted. It also extracts the content of the transaction log and large objects (CLOB or BLOB). To run the tool, type on the command line\: 
advanced_1239_p=\ For each database in the current directory, a text file will be created. This file contains raw insert statements (for the data) and data definition (DDL) statements to recreate the schema of the database. This file can be executed using the <code>RunScript</code> tool or a <code>RUNSCRIPT FROM</code> SQL statement. The script includes at least one <code>CREATE USER</code> statement. If you run the script against a database that was created with the same user, or if there are conflicting users, running the script will fail. Consider running the script against a database that was created with a user name that is not in the script. 
advanced_1240_p=\ The <code>Recover</code> tool creates a SQL script from database file. It also processes the transaction log. 
advanced_1241_h2=File Locking Protocols
advanced_1242_p=\ Multiple concurrent connections to the same database are supported, however a database file can only be open for reading and writing (in embedded mode) by one process at the same time. Otherwise, the processes would overwrite each others data and corrupt the database file. To protect against this problem, whenever a database is opened, a lock file is created to signal other processes that the database is in use. If the database is closed, or if the process that opened the database stops normally, this lock file is deleted. 
advanced_1243_p=\ In special cases (if the process did not terminate normally, for example because there was a power failure), the lock file is not deleted by the process that created it. That means the existence of the lock file is not a safe protocol for file locking. However, this software uses a challenge-response protocol to protect the database files. There are two methods (algorithms) implemented to provide both security (that is, the same database files cannot be opened by two processes at the same time) and simplicity (that is, the lock file does not need to be deleted manually by the user). The two methods are 'file method' and 'socket methods'. 
advanced_1244_p=\ The file locking protocols (except the file locking method 'FS') have the following limitation\: if a shared file system is used, and the machine with the lock owner is sent to sleep (standby or hibernate), another machine may take over. If the machine that originally held the lock wakes up, the database may become corrupt. If this situation can occur, the application must ensure the database is closed when the application is put to sleep. 
advanced_1245_h3=File Locking Method 'File'
advanced_1246_p=\ The default method for database file locking is the 'File Method'. The algorithm is\: 
advanced_1247_li=If the lock file does not exist, it is created (using the atomic operation <code>File.createNewFile</code>). Then, the process waits a little bit (20 ms) and checks the file again. If the file was changed during this time, the operation is aborted. This protects against a race condition when one process deletes the lock file just after another one create it, and a third process creates the file again. It does not occur if there are only two writers. 
advanced_1248_li=\ If the file can be created, a random number is inserted together with the locking method ('file'). Afterwards, a watchdog thread is started that checks regularly (every second once by default) if the file was deleted or modified by another (challenger) thread / process. Whenever that occurs, the file is overwritten with the old data. The watchdog thread runs with high priority so that a change to the lock file does not get through undetected even if the system is very busy. However, the watchdog thread does use very little resources (CPU time), because it waits most of the time. Also, the watchdog only reads from the hard disk and does not write to it. 
advanced_1249_li=\ If the lock file exists and was recently modified, the process waits for some time (up to two seconds). If it was still changed, an exception is thrown (database is locked). This is done to eliminate race conditions with many concurrent writers. Afterwards, the file is overwritten with a new version (challenge). After that, the thread waits for 2 seconds. If there is a watchdog thread protecting the file, he will overwrite the change and this process will fail to lock the database. However, if there is no watchdog thread, the lock file will still be as written by this thread. In this case, the file is deleted and atomically created again. The watchdog thread is started in this case and the file is locked. 
advanced_1250_p=\ This algorithm is tested with over 100 concurrent threads. In some cases, when there are many concurrent threads trying to lock the database, they block each other (meaning the file cannot be locked by any of them) for some time. However, the file never gets locked by two threads at the same time. However using that many concurrent threads / processes is not the common use case. Generally, an application should throw an error to the user if it cannot open a database, and not try again in a (fast) loop. 
advanced_1251_h3=File Locking Method 'Socket'
advanced_1252_p=\ There is a second locking mechanism implemented, but disabled by default. To use it, append <code>;FILE_LOCK\=SOCKET</code> to the database URL. The algorithm is\: 
advanced_1253_li=If the lock file does not exist, it is created. Then a server socket is opened on a defined port, and kept open. The port and IP address of the process that opened the database is written into the lock file. 
advanced_1254_li=If the lock file exists, and the lock method is 'file', then the software switches to the 'file' method. 
advanced_1255_li=If the lock file exists, and the lock method is 'socket', then the process checks if the port is in use. If the original process is still running, the port is in use and this process throws an exception (database is in use). If the original process died (for example due to a power failure, or abnormal termination of the virtual machine), then the port was released. The new process deletes the lock file and starts again. 
advanced_1256_p=\ This method does not require a watchdog thread actively polling (reading) the same file every second. The problem with this method is, if the file is stored on a network share, two processes (running on different computers) could still open the same database files, if they do not have a direct TCP/IP connection. 
advanced_1257_h3=File Locking Method 'FS'
advanced_1258_p=\ This database file locking mechanism uses native file system lock on the database file. No *.lock.db file is created in this case, and no background thread is started. This mechanism may not work on all systems as expected. Some systems allow to lock the same file multiple times within the same virtual machine, and on some system native file locking is not supported or files are not unlocked after a power failure. 
advanced_1259_p=\ To enable this feature, append <code>;FILE_LOCK\=FS</code> to the database URL. 
advanced_1260_p=\ This feature is relatively new. When using it for production, please ensure your system does in fact lock files as expected. 
advanced_1261_h2=File Locking Method 'Serialized'
advanced_1262_p=\ This locking mode allows to open multiple connections to the same database. The connections may be opened from multiple processes and from different computers. When writing to the database, access is automatically synchronized internally. Write operations are slower than when using the server mode, and concurrency is relatively poor. The advantage of this mode is that there is no need to start a server. 
advanced_1263_p=\ To enable this feature, append <code>;FILE_LOCK\=SERIALIZED</code> to the database URL. 
advanced_1264_p=\ This feature is relatively new. When using it for production, please ensure your use case is well tested (if possible with automated test cases). 
advanced_1265_h2=Using Passwords
advanced_1266_h3=Using Secure Passwords
advanced_1267_p=\ Remember that weak passwords can be broken regardless of the encryption and security protocols. Don't use passwords that can be found in a dictionary. Appending numbers does not make passwords secure. A way to create good passwords that can be remembered is\: take the first letters of a sentence, use upper and lower case characters, and creatively include special characters (but it's more important to use a long password than to use special characters). Example\: 
advanced_1268_code=i'sE2rtPiUKtT
advanced_1269_p=\ from the sentence <code>it's easy to remember this password if you know the trick</code>. 
advanced_1270_h3=Passwords\: Using Char Arrays instead of Strings
advanced_1271_p=\ Java strings are immutable objects and cannot be safely 'destroyed' by the application. After creating a string, it will remain in the main memory of the computer at least until it is garbage collected. The garbage collection cannot be controlled by the application, and even if it is garbage collected the data may still remain in memory. It might also be possible that the part of memory containing the password is swapped to disk (if not enough main memory is available), which is a problem if the attacker has access to the swap file of the operating system. 
advanced_1272_p=\ It is a good idea to use char arrays instead of strings for passwords. Char arrays can be cleared (filled with zeros) after use, and therefore the password will not be stored in the swap file. 
advanced_1273_p=\ This database supports using char arrays instead of string to pass user and file passwords. The following code can be used to do that\: 
advanced_1274_p=\ This example requires Java 1.6. When using Swing, use <code>javax.swing.JPasswordField</code>. 
advanced_1275_h3=Passing the User Name and/or Password in the URL
advanced_1276_p=\ Instead of passing the user name as a separate parameter as in <code> Connection conn \= DriverManager. getConnection("jdbc\:h2\:~/test", "sa", "123"); </code> the user name (and/or password) can be supplied in the URL itself\: <code> Connection conn \= DriverManager. getConnection("jdbc\:h2\:~/test;USER\=sa;PASSWORD\=123"); </code> The settings in the URL override the settings passed as a separate parameter. 
advanced_1277_h2=Password Hash
advanced_1278_p=\ Sometimes the database password needs to be stored in a configuration file (for example in the <code>web.xml</code> file). In addition to connecting with the plain text password, this database supports connecting with the password hash. This means that only the hash of the password (and not the plain text password) needs to be stored in the configuration file. This will only protect others from reading or re-constructing the plain text password (even if they have access to the configuration file); it does not protect others from accessing the database using the password hash. 
advanced_1279_p=\ To connect using the password hash instead of plain text password, append <code>;PASSWORD_HASH\=TRUE</code> to the database URL, and replace the password with the password hash. To calculate the password hash from a plain text password, run the following command within the H2 Console tool\: <code>@password_hash &lt;upperCaseUserName&gt; &lt;password&gt;</code>. As an example, if the user name is <code>sa</code> and the password is <code>test</code>, run the command <code>@password_hash SA test</code>. Then use the resulting password hash as you would use the plain text password. When using an encrypted database, then the user password and file password need to be hashed separately. To calculate the hash of the file password, run\: <code>@password_hash file &lt;filePassword&gt;</code>. 
advanced_1280_h2=Protection against SQL Injection
advanced_1281_h3=What is SQL Injection
advanced_1282_p=\ This database engine provides a solution for the security vulnerability known as 'SQL Injection'. Here is a short description of what SQL injection means. Some applications build SQL statements with embedded user input such as\: 
advanced_1283_p=\ If this mechanism is used anywhere in the application, and user input is not correctly filtered or encoded, it is possible for a user to inject SQL functionality or statements by using specially built input such as (in this example) this password\: <code>' OR ''\='</code>. In this case the statement becomes\: 
advanced_1284_p=\ Which is always true no matter what the password stored in the database is. For more information about SQL Injection, see <a href\="\#glossary_links">Glossary and Links</a>. 
advanced_1285_h3=Disabling Literals
advanced_1286_p=\ SQL Injection is not possible if user input is not directly embedded in SQL statements. A simple solution for the problem above is to use a prepared statement\: 
advanced_1287_p=\ This database provides a way to enforce usage of parameters when passing user input to the database. This is done by disabling embedded literals in SQL statements. To do this, execute the statement\: 
advanced_1288_p=\ Afterwards, SQL statements with text and number literals are not allowed any more. That means, SQL statement of the form <code>WHERE NAME\='abc'</code> or <code>WHERE CustomerId\=10</code> will fail. It is still possible to use prepared statements and parameters as described above. Also, it is still possible to generate SQL statements dynamically, and use the Statement API, as long as the SQL statements do not include literals. There is also a second mode where number literals are allowed\: <code>SET ALLOW_LITERALS NUMBERS</code>. To allow all literals, execute <code>SET ALLOW_LITERALS ALL</code> (this is the default setting). Literals can only be enabled or disabled by an administrator. 
advanced_1289_h3=Using Constants
advanced_1290_p=\ Disabling literals also means disabling hard-coded 'constant' literals. This database supports defining constants using the <code>CREATE CONSTANT</code> command. Constants can be defined only when literals are enabled, but used even when literals are disabled. To avoid name clashes with column names, constants can be defined in other schemas\: 
advanced_1291_p=\ Even when literals are enabled, it is better to use constants instead of hard-coded number or text literals in queries or views. With constants, typos are found at compile time, the source code is easier to understand and change. 
advanced_1292_h3=Using the ZERO() Function
advanced_1293_p=\ It is not required to create a constant for the number 0 as there is already a built-in function <code>ZERO()</code>\: 
advanced_1294_h2=Protection against Remote Access
advanced_1295_p=\ By default this database does not allow connections from other machines when starting the H2 Console, the TCP server, or the PG server. Remote access can be enabled using the command line options <code>-webAllowOthers, -tcpAllowOthers, -pgAllowOthers</code>. If you enable remote access, please also consider using the options <code>-baseDir, -ifExists</code>, so that remote users can not create new databases or access existing databases with weak passwords. When using the option <code>-baseDir</code>, only databases within that directory may be accessed. Ensure the existing accessible databases are protected using strong passwords. 
advanced_1296_h2=Restricting Class Loading and Usage
advanced_1297_p=\ By default there is no restriction on loading classes and executing Java code for admins. That means an admin may call system functions such as <code>System.setProperty</code> by executing\: 
advanced_1298_p=\ To restrict users (including admins) from loading classes and executing code, the list of allowed classes can be set in the system property <code>h2.allowedClasses</code> in the form of a comma separated list of classes or patterns (items ending with <code>*</code>). By default all classes are allowed. Example\: 
advanced_1299_p=\ This mechanism is used for all user classes, including database event listeners, trigger classes, user-defined functions, user-defined aggregate functions, and JDBC driver classes (with the exception of the H2 driver) when using the H2 Console. 
advanced_1300_h2=Security Protocols
advanced_1301_p=\ The following paragraphs document the security protocols used in this database. These descriptions are very technical and only intended for security experts that already know the underlying security primitives. 
advanced_1302_h3=User Password Encryption
advanced_1303_p=\ When a user tries to connect to a database, the combination of user name, @, and password are hashed using SHA-256, and this hash value is transmitted to the database. This step does not protect against an attacker that re-uses the value if he is able to listen to the (unencrypted) transmission between the client and the server. But, the passwords are never transmitted as plain text, even when using an unencrypted connection between client and server. That means if a user reuses the same password for different things, this password is still protected up to some point. See also 'RFC 2617 - HTTP Authentication\: Basic and Digest Access Authentication' for more information. 
advanced_1304_p=\ When a new database or user is created, a new random salt value is generated. The size of the salt is 64 bits. Using the random salt reduces the risk of an attacker pre-calculating hash values for many different (commonly used) passwords. 
advanced_1305_p=\ The combination of user-password hash value (see above) and salt is hashed using SHA-256. The resulting value is stored in the database. When a user tries to connect to the database, the database combines user-password hash value with the stored salt value and calculates the hash value. Other products use multiple iterations (hash the hash value again and again), but this is not done in this product to reduce the risk of denial of service attacks (where the attacker tries to connect with bogus passwords, and the server spends a lot of time calculating the hash value for each password). The reasoning is\: if the attacker has access to the hashed passwords, he also has access to the data in plain text, and therefore does not need the password any more. If the data is protected by storing it on another computer and only accessible remotely, then the iteration count is not required at all. 
advanced_1306_h3=File Encryption
advanced_1307_p=\ The database files can be encrypted using two different algorithms\: AES-128 and XTEA (using 32 rounds). The reasons for supporting XTEA is performance (XTEA is a bit faster as AES in some environments) and to have an alternative algorithm if AES is suddenly broken. Please note that the XTEA implementation used in this database only uses 32 rounds and not 64 rounds as recommended by its inventor (as of 2010, the best known attack is on 27 rounds). 
advanced_1308_p=\ When a user tries to connect to an encrypted database, the combination of <code>file@</code> and the file password is hashed using SHA-256. This hash value is transmitted to the server. 
advanced_1309_p=\ When a new database file is created, a new cryptographically secure random salt value is generated. The size of the salt is 64 bits. The combination of the file password hash and the salt value is hashed 1024 times using SHA-256. The reason for the iteration is to make it harder for an attacker to calculate hash values for common passwords. 
advanced_1310_p=\ The resulting hash value is used as the key for the block cipher algorithm (AES-128 or XTEA with 32 rounds). Then, an initialization vector (IV) key is calculated by hashing the key again using SHA-256. This is to make sure the IV is unknown to the attacker. The reason for using a secret IV is to protect against watermark attacks. 
advanced_1311_p=\ Before saving a block of data (each block is 8 bytes long), the following operations are executed\: first, the IV is calculated by encrypting the block number with the IV key (using the same block cipher algorithm). This IV is combined with the plain text using XOR. The resulting data is encrypted using the AES-128 or XTEA algorithm. 
advanced_1312_p=\ When decrypting, the operation is done in reverse. First, the block is decrypted using the key, and then the IV is calculated combined with the decrypted text using XOR. 
advanced_1313_p=\ Therefore, the block cipher mode of operation is CBC (cipher-block chaining), but each chain is only one block long. The advantage over the ECB (electronic codebook) mode is that patterns in the data are not revealed, and the advantage over multi block CBC is that flipped cipher text bits are not propagated to flipped plaintext bits in the next block. 
advanced_1314_p=\ Database encryption is meant for securing the database while it is not in use (stolen laptop and so on). It is not meant for cases where the attacker has access to files while the database is in use. When he has write access, he can for example replace pieces of files with pieces of older versions and manipulate data like this. 
advanced_1315_p=\ File encryption slows down the performance of the database engine. Compared to unencrypted mode, database operations take about 2.2 times longer when using XTEA, and 2.5 times longer using AES (embedded mode). 
advanced_1316_h3=Wrong Password / User Name Delay
advanced_1317_p=\ To protect against remote brute force password attacks, the delay after each unsuccessful login gets double as long. Use the system properties <code>h2.delayWrongPasswordMin</code> and <code>h2.delayWrongPasswordMax</code> to change the minimum (the default is 250 milliseconds) or maximum delay (the default is 4000 milliseconds, or 4 seconds). The delay only applies for those using the wrong password. Normally there is no delay for a user that knows the correct password, with one exception\: after using the wrong password, there is a delay of up to (randomly distributed) the same delay as for a wrong password. This is to protect against parallel brute force attacks, so that an attacker needs to wait for the whole delay. Delays are synchronized. This is also required to protect against parallel attacks. 
advanced_1318_p=\ There is only one exception message for both wrong user and for wrong password, to make it harder to get the list of user names. It is not possible from the stack trace to see if the user name was wrong or the password. 
advanced_1319_h3=HTTPS Connections
advanced_1320_p=\ The web server supports HTTP and HTTPS connections using <code>SSLServerSocket</code>. There is a default self-certified certificate to support an easy starting point, but custom certificates are supported as well. 
advanced_1321_h2=SSL/TLS Connections
advanced_1322_p=\ Remote SSL/TLS connections are supported using the Java Secure Socket Extension (<code>SSLServerSocket, SSLSocket</code>). By default, anonymous SSL is enabled. The default cipher suite is <code>SSL_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5</code>. 
advanced_1323_p=\ To use your own keystore, set the system properties <code>javax.net.ssl.keyStore</code> and <code>javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword</code> before starting the H2 server and client. See also <a href\="http\://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/security/jsse/JSSERefGuide.html\#CustomizingStores"> Customizing the Default Key and Trust Stores, Store Types, and Store Passwords</a> for more information. 
advanced_1324_p=\ To disable anonymous SSL, set the system property <code>h2.enableAnonymousSSL</code> to false. 
advanced_1325_h2=Universally Unique Identifiers (UUID)
advanced_1326_p=\ This database supports UUIDs. Also supported is a function to create new UUIDs using a cryptographically strong pseudo random number generator. With random UUIDs, the chance of two having the same value can be calculated using the probability theory. See also 'Birthday Paradox'. Standardized randomly generated UUIDs have 122 random bits. 4 bits are used for the version (Randomly generated UUID), and 2 bits for the variant (Leach-Salz). This database supports generating such UUIDs using the built-in function <code>RANDOM_UUID()</code>. Here is a small program to estimate the probability of having two identical UUIDs after generating a number of values\: 
advanced_1327_p=\ Some values are\: 
advanced_1328_th=Number of UUIs
advanced_1329_th=Probability of Duplicates
advanced_1330_td=2^36\=68'719'476'736
advanced_1331_td=0.000'000'000'000'000'4
advanced_1332_td=2^41\=2'199'023'255'552
advanced_1333_td=0.000'000'000'000'4
advanced_1334_td=2^46\=70'368'744'177'664
advanced_1335_td=0.000'000'000'4
advanced_1336_p=\ To help non-mathematicians understand what those numbers mean, here a comparison\: one's annual risk of being hit by a meteorite is estimated to be one chance in 17 billion, that means the probability is about 0.000'000'000'06. 
advanced_1337_h2=Recursive Queries
advanced_1338_p=\ H2 has experimental support for recursive queries using so called "common table expressions" (CTE). Examples\: 
advanced_1339_p=\ Limitations\: Recursive queries need to be of the type <code>UNION ALL</code>, and the recursion needs to be on the second part of the query. No tables or views with the name of the table expression may exist. Different table expression names need to be used when using multiple distinct table expressions within the same transaction and for the same session. All columns of the table expression are of type <code>VARCHAR</code>. Views with recursive queries are not supported. Subqueries and <code>INSERT INTO ... FROM</code> with recursive queries are not supported. Parameters are only supported within the last <code>SELECT</code> statement (a workaround is to use session variables like <code>@start</code> within the table expression). The syntax is\: 
advanced_1340_h2=Settings Read from System Properties
advanced_1341_p=\ Some settings of the database can be set on the command line using <code>-DpropertyName\=value</code>. It is usually not required to change those settings manually. The settings are case sensitive. Example\: 
advanced_1342_p=\ The current value of the settings can be read in the table <code>INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SETTINGS</code>. 
advanced_1343_p=\ For a complete list of settings, see <a href\="../javadoc/org/h2/constant/SysProperties.html">SysProperties</a>. 
advanced_1344_h2=Setting the Server Bind Address
advanced_1345_p=\ Usually server sockets accept connections on any/all local addresses. This may be a problem on multi-homed hosts. To bind only to one address, use the system property <code>h2.bindAddress</code>. This setting is used for both regular server sockets and for SSL server sockets. IPv4 and IPv6 address formats are supported. 
advanced_1346_h2=Pluggable File System
advanced_1347_p=\ This database supports a pluggable file system API. The file system implementation is selected using a file name prefix. The following file systems are included\: 
advanced_1348_code=zip\:
advanced_1349_li=\ read-only zip-file based file system. Format\: <code>zip\:/zipFileName\!/fileName</code>. 
advanced_1350_code=split\:
advanced_1351_li=\ file system that splits files in 1 GB files (stackable with other file systems). 
advanced_1352_code=nio\:
advanced_1353_li=\ file system that uses <code>FileChannel</code> instead of <code>RandomAccessFile</code> (faster in some operating systems). 
advanced_1354_code=nioMapped\:
advanced_1355_li=\ file system that uses memory mapped files (faster in some operating systems). Please note that there currently is a file size limitation of 2 GB when using this file system when using a 32-bit JVM. To work around this limitation, combine it with the split file system\: <code>split\:nioMapped\:test</code>. 
advanced_1356_code=memFS\:
advanced_1357_li=\ in-memory file system (slower than mem; experimental; mainly used for testing the database engine itself). 
advanced_1358_code=memLZF\:
advanced_1359_li=\ compressing in-memory file system (slower than memFS but uses less memory; experimental; mainly used for testing the database engine itself). 
advanced_1360_p=\ As an example, to use the the <code>nio</code> file system, use the following database URL\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:nio\:~/test</code>. 
advanced_1361_p=\ To register a new file system, extend the classes <code>org.h2.store.fs.FileSystem, FileObject</code>, and call the method <code>FileSystem.register</code> before using it. 
advanced_1362_h2=Database Upgrade
advanced_1363_p=\ In version 1.2, H2 introduced a new file store implementation which is incompatible to the one used in versions &lt; 1.2. To automatically convert databases to the new file store, it is necessary to include an additional jar file. The file can be found at <a href\="http\://h2database.com/h2mig_pagestore_addon.jar">http\://h2database.com/h2mig_pagestore_addon.jar</a> . If this file is in the classpath, every connect to an older database will result in a conversion process. 
advanced_1364_p=\ The conversion itself is done internally via <code>'script to'</code> and <code>'runscript from'</code>. After the conversion process, the files will be renamed from 
advanced_1365_code=dbName.data.db
advanced_1366_li=\ to <code>dbName.data.db.backup</code> 
advanced_1367_code=dbName.index.db
advanced_1368_li=\ to <code>dbName.index.db.backup</code> 
advanced_1369_p=\ by default. Also, the temporary script will be written to the database directory instead of a temporary directory. Both defaults can be customized via 
advanced_1370_code=org.h2.upgrade.DbUpgrade.setDeleteOldDb(boolean)
advanced_1371_code=org.h2.upgrade.DbUpgrade.setScriptInTmpDir(boolean)
advanced_1372_p=\ prior opening a database connection. 
advanced_1373_p=\ Since version 1.2.140 it is possible to let the old h2 classes (v 1.2.128) connect to the database. The automatic upgrade .jar file must be present, and the URL must start with <code>jdbc\:h2v1_1\:</code>. If the database should automatically connect using the old version if a database with the old format exists (without upgrade), and use the new version otherwise, then append <code>;NO_UPGRADE\=TRUE</code> to the database URL. 
advanced_1374_h2=Limits and Limitations
advanced_1375_p=\ This database has the following known limitations\: 
advanced_1376_li=Database file size limit\: 4 TB (using the default page size of 2 KB) or higher (when using a larger page size). When using the feature "h2.lobInDatabase" then this limit is including CLOB and BLOB data, otherwise this limit is excluding CLOB and BLOB data, and every CLOB or BLOB can be up to 256 GB. 
advanced_1377_li=The maximum file size for FAT or FAT32 file systems is 4 GB. That means when using FAT or FAT32, the limit is 4 GB for the data. This is the limitation of the file system. The database does provide a workaround for this problem, it is to use the file name prefix <code>split\:</code>. In that case files are split into files of 1 GB by default. An example database URL is\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:split\:~/test</code>. 
advanced_1378_li=The maximum number of rows per table is 2'147'483'648. 
advanced_1379_li=Main memory requirements\: The larger the database, the more main memory is required. With the version 1.1 storage mechanism, the minimum main memory required for a 12 GB database was around 240 MB. With the current page store, the minimum main memory required is much lower, around 1 MB for each 8 GB database file size. 
advanced_1380_li=Limit on the complexity of SQL statements. Statements of the following form will result in a stack overflow exception\: 
advanced_1381_li=There is no limit for the following entities, except the memory and storage capacity\: maximum identifier length (table name, column name, and so on); maximum number of tables, columns, indexes, triggers, and other database objects; maximum statement length, number of parameters per statement, tables per statement, expressions in order by, group by, having, and so on; maximum rows per query; maximum columns per table, columns per index, indexes per table, lob columns per table, and so on; maximum row length, index row length, select row length; maximum length of a varchar column, decimal column, literal in a statement. 
advanced_1382_li=For limitations on data types, see the documentation of the respective Java data type or the data type documentation of this database. 
advanced_1383_h2=Glossary and Links
advanced_1384_th=Term
advanced_1385_th=Description
advanced_1386_td=AES-128
advanced_1387_td=A block encryption algorithm. See also\: <a href\="http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard">Wikipedia\: AES</a>
advanced_1388_td=Birthday Paradox
advanced_1389_td=Describes the higher than expected probability that two persons in a room have the same birthday. Also valid for randomly generated UUIDs. See also\: <a href\="http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday_paradox">Wikipedia\: Birthday Paradox</a>
advanced_1390_td=Digest
advanced_1391_td=Protocol to protect a password (but not to protect data). See also\: <a href\="http\://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2617.html">RFC 2617\: HTTP Digest Access Authentication</a>
advanced_1392_td=GCJ
advanced_1393_td=Compiler for Java. <a href\="http\://gcc.gnu.org/java">GNU Compiler for the Java</a> and <a href\="http\://www.dobysoft.com/products/nativej">NativeJ (commercial)</a>
advanced_1394_td=HTTPS
advanced_1395_td=A protocol to provide security to HTTP connections. See also\: <a href\="http\://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2818.txt">RFC 2818\: HTTP Over TLS</a>
advanced_1396_td=Modes of Operation
advanced_1397_a=Wikipedia\: Block cipher modes of operation
advanced_1398_td=Salt
advanced_1399_td=Random number to increase the security of passwords. See also\: <a href\="http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_derivation_function">Wikipedia\: Key derivation function</a>
advanced_1400_td=SHA-256
advanced_1401_td=A cryptographic one-way hash function. See also\: <a href\="http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA_family">Wikipedia\: SHA hash functions</a>
advanced_1402_td=SQL Injection
advanced_1403_td=A security vulnerability where an application embeds SQL statements or expressions in user input. See also\: <a href\="http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_injection">Wikipedia\: SQL Injection</a>
advanced_1404_td=Watermark Attack
advanced_1405_td=Security problem of certain encryption programs where the existence of certain data can be proven without decrypting. For more information, search in the internet for 'watermark attack cryptoloop'
advanced_1406_td=SSL/TLS
advanced_1407_td=Secure Sockets Layer / Transport Layer Security. See also\: <a href\="http\://java.sun.com/products/jsse/">Java Secure Socket Extension (JSSE)</a>
advanced_1408_td=XTEA
advanced_1409_td=A block encryption algorithm. See also\: <a href\="http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XTEA">Wikipedia\: XTEA</a>
build_1000_h1=Build
build_1001_a=\ Portability
build_1002_a=\ Environment
build_1003_a=\ Building the Software
build_1004_a=\ Build Targets
build_1005_a=\ Using Maven 2
build_1006_a=\ Translating
build_1007_a=\ Providing Patches
build_1008_a=\ Reporting Problems or Requests
build_1009_a=\ Automated Build
build_1010_a=\ Generating Railroad Diagrams
build_1011_h2=Portability
build_1012_p=\ This database is written in Java and therefore works on many platforms. It can also be compiled to a native executable using GCJ. 
build_1013_p=\ For Java 1.4, the jar file needs to be converted first using <a href\="http\://retrotranslator.sourceforge.net">Retrotranslator</a>. 
build_1014_h2=Environment
build_1015_p=\ To run this database, a Java Runtime Environment (JRE) version 1.5 or higher is required. 
build_1016_p=\ To create the database executables, the following software stack was used. To use this database, it is not required to install this software however. 
build_1017_li=Mac OS X and Windows XP 
build_1018_a=Sun JDK Version 1.5 and 1.6
build_1019_a=Eclipse Version 3.4
build_1020_li=Eclipse Plugins\: <a href\="http\://subclipse.tigris.org">Subclipse</a>, <a href\="http\://eclipse-cs.sourceforge.net">Eclipse Checkstyle Plug-in</a>, <a href\="http\://www.eclemma.org">EclEmma Java Code Coverage 1.3.0</a> 
build_1021_a=Emma Java Code Coverage
build_1022_a=Mozilla Firefox
build_1023_a=OpenOffice
build_1024_a=NSIS 2.38
build_1025_li=\ (Nullsoft Scriptable Install System) 
build_1026_a=Maven
build_1027_h2=Building the Software
build_1028_p=\ You need to install a JDK, for example the Sun JDK version 1.5 or 1.6. Ensure that Java binary directory is included in the <code>PATH</code> environment variable, and that the environment variable <code>JAVA_HOME</code> points to your Java installation. On the command line, go to the directory <code>h2</code> and execute the following command\: 
build_1029_p=\ For Linux and OS X, use <code>./build.sh</code> instead of <code>build</code>. 
build_1030_p=\ You will get a list of targets. If you want to build the <code>jar</code> file, execute (Windows)\: 
build_1031_p=\ To run the build tool in shell mode, use the command line option <code>-</code> as in <code>./build.sh -</code>. 
build_1032_h3=Switching the Source Code
build_1033_p=\ By default the source code uses Java 1.6 features, however Java 1.5 is supported as well. To switch the source code to the installed version of Java, run\: 
build_1034_h2=Build Targets
build_1035_p=\ The build system can generate smaller jar files as well. The following targets are currently supported\: 
build_1036_code=jarClient
build_1037_li=\ creates the file <code>h2client.jar</code>. This only contains the JDBC client. 
build_1038_code=jarSmall
build_1039_li=\ creates the file <code>h2small.jar</code>. This only contains the embedded database. Debug information is disabled. 
build_1040_code=jarJaqu
build_1041_li=\ creates the file <code>h2jaqu.jar</code>. This only contains the JaQu (Java Query) implementation. All other jar files do not include JaQu. 
build_1042_code=javadocImpl
build_1043_li=\ creates the Javadocs of the implementation. 
build_1044_p=\ To create the file <code>h2client.jar</code>, go to the directory <code>h2</code> and execute the following command\: 
build_1045_h3=Using Lucene 2 / 3
build_1046_p=\ Both Apache Lucene 2 and Lucene 3 are supported. Currently Apache Lucene version 2.x is used by default for H2 version 1.2.x, and Lucene version 3.x is used by default for H2 version 1.3.x. To use a different version of Lucene when compiling, it needs to be specified as follows\: 
build_1047_h2=Using Maven 2
build_1048_h3=Using a Central Repository
build_1049_p=\ You can include the database in your Maven 2 project as a dependency. Example\: 
build_1050_p=\ New versions of this database are first uploaded to http\://hsql.sourceforge.net/m2-repo/ and then automatically synchronized with the main Maven repository; however after a new release it may take a few hours before they are available there. 
build_1051_h3=Using Snapshot Version
build_1052_p=\ To build a <code>h2-*-SNAPSHOT.jar</code> file and upload it the to the local Maven 2 repository, execute the following command\: 
build_1053_p=\ Afterwards, you can include the database in your Maven 2 project as a dependency\: 
build_1054_h2=Translating
build_1055_p=\ The translation of this software is split into the following parts\: 
build_1056_li=H2 Console\: <code>src/main/org/h2/server/web/res/_text_*.prop</code> 
build_1057_li=Error messages\: <code>src/main/org/h2/res/_messages_*.prop</code> 
build_1058_p=\ To translate the H2 Console, start it and select Preferences / Translate. After you are done, send the translated <code>*.prop</code> file to the Google Group. The web site is currently translated using Google. 
build_1059_h2=Providing Patches
build_1060_p=\ If you like to provide patches, please consider the following guidelines to simplify merging them\: 
build_1061_li=Only use Java 1.5 features (do not use Java 1.6) (see <a href\="\#environment">Environment</a>). 
build_1062_li=Follow the coding style used in the project, and use Checkstyle (see above) to verify. For example, do not use tabs (use spaces instead). The checkstyle configuration is in <code>src/installer/checkstyle.xml</code>. 
build_1063_li=A template of the Eclipse settings are in <code>src/installer/eclipse.settings/*</code>. If you want to use them, you need to copy them to the <code>.settings</code> directory. The formatting options (<code>eclipseCodeStyle</code>) are also included. 
build_1064_li=Please provide test cases and integrate them into the test suite. For Java level tests, see <code>src/test/org/h2/test/TestAll.java</code>. For SQL level tests, see <code>src/test/org/h2/test/test.in.txt</code> or <code>testSimple.in.txt</code>. 
build_1065_li=The test cases should cover at least 90% of the changed and new code; use a code coverage tool to verify that (see above). or use the build target <code>coverage</code>. 
build_1066_li=Verify that you did not break other features\: run the test cases by executing <code>build test</code>. 
build_1067_li=Provide end user documentation if required (<code>src/docsrc/html/*</code>). 
build_1068_li=Document grammar changes in <code>src/docsrc/help/help.csv</code> 
build_1069_li=Provide a change log entry (<code>src/docsrc/html/changelog.html</code>). 
build_1070_li=Verify the spelling using <code>build spellcheck</code>. If required add the new words to <code>src/tools/org/h2/build/doc/dictionary.txt</code>. 
build_1071_li=Run <code>src/installer/buildRelease</code> to find and fix formatting errors. 
build_1072_li=Verify the formatting using <code>build docs</code> and <code>build javadoc</code>. 
build_1073_li=Submit patches as <code>.patch</code> files (compressed if big). To create a patch using Eclipse, use Team / Create Patch. 
build_1074_p=\ For legal reasons, patches need to be public in the form of an email to the <a href\="http\://groups.google.com/group/h2-database">group</a>, or in the form of an <a href\="http\://code.google.com/p/h2database/issues/list">issue report or attachment</a>. Significant contributions need to include the following statement\: 
build_1075_p=\ "I wrote the code, it's mine, and I'm contributing it to H2 for distribution multiple-licensed under the H2 License, version 1.0, and under the Eclipse Public License, version 1.0 (http\://h2database.com/html/license.html)." 
build_1076_h2=Reporting Problems or Requests
build_1077_p=\ Please consider the following checklist if you have a question, want to report a problem, or if you have a feature request\: 
build_1078_li=Feature requests are always welcome, even if the feature is already on the <a href\="roadmap.html">roadmap</a>. Your mail will help prioritize feature requests. If you urgently need a feature, consider <a href\="\#providing_patches">providing a patch</a>. 
build_1079_li=Before posting problems, check the <a href\="faq.html">FAQ</a> and do a <a href\="http\://google.com">Google search</a>. 
build_1080_li=When got an unexpected exception, please try the <a href\="sourceError.html">Error Analyzer tool</a>. If this doesn't help, please report the problem, including the complete error message and stack trace, and the root cause stack trace(s). 
build_1081_li=When sending source code, please use a public web clipboard such as <a href\="http\://pastebin.com">Pastebin</a>, <a href\="http\://cl1p.net">Cl1p</a>, or <a href\="http\://www.mysticpaste.com/new">Mystic Paste</a> to avoid formatting problems. Please keep test cases as simple and short as possible, but so that the problem can still be reproduced. As a template, use\: <a href\="http\://h2database.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/h2/src/test/org/h2/samples/HelloWorld.java">HelloWorld.java</a>. Method that simply call other methods should be avoided, as well as unnecessary exception handling. Please use the JDBC API and no external tools or libraries. The test should include all required initialization code, and should be started with the main method. 
build_1082_li=For large attachments, use a public temporary storage such as <a href\="http\://rapidshare.com">Rapidshare</a>. 
build_1083_li=Google Group versus issue tracking\: Use the <a href\="http\://groups.google.com/group/h2-database">Google Group</a> for questions or if you are not sure it's a bug. If you are sure it's a bug, you can create an <a href\="http\://code.google.com/p/h2database/issues/list">issue</a>, but you don't need to (sending an email to the group is enough). Please note that only few people monitor the issue tracking system. 
build_1084_li=For out-of-memory problems, please analyze the problem yourself first, for example using the command line option <code>-XX\:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError</code> and a memory analysis tool such as the <a href\="http\://www.eclipse.org/mat">Eclipse Memory Analyzer (MAT)</a>. 
build_1085_li=It may take a few days to get an answers. Please do not double post. 
build_1086_h2=Automated Build
build_1087_p=\ This build process is automated and runs regularly. The build process includes running the tests and code coverage, using the command line <code>./build.sh clean jar coverage -Dh2.ftpPassword\=... uploadBuild</code>. The last results are available here\: 
build_1088_a=Test Output
build_1089_a=Code Coverage Summary
build_1090_a=Code Coverage Details (download, 1.3 MB)
build_1091_a=Build Newsfeed
build_1092_a=Latest Jar File (download, 1 MB)
build_1093_h2=Generating Railroad Diagrams
build_1094_p=\ The railroad diagrams are HTML, formatted as nested tables. The diagrams are generated as follows\: 
build_1095_li=The BNF parser (<code>org.h2.bnf.Bnf</code>) reads and parses the BNF from the file <code>help.csv</code>. 
build_1096_li=The page parser (<code>org.h2.server.web.PageParser</code>) reads the template HTML file and fills in the diagrams. 
build_1097_li=The rail images (one straight, four junctions, two turns) are generated using a simple Java application. 
build_1098_p=\ To generate railroad diagrams for other grammars, see the package <code>org.h2.jcr</code>. This package is used to generate the SQL-2 railroad diagrams for the JCR 2.0 specification. 
changelog_1000_h1=Change Log
changelog_1001_h2=Next Version (unreleased)
changelog_1002_li=EXPLAIN SELECT didn't include the sample size if one was set. 
changelog_1003_li=Improved EXPLAIN plan formatting. 
changelog_1004_li=Issue 266\: Domains\: a NOT NULL clause in a domain definition ignored. 
changelog_1005_li=More accurate calculation of variance and standard deviation for large number of samples with low variance (now using Welford's method). 
changelog_1006_li=Server\: CLOB data with unicode characters between character code 0xd800 and 0xdfff were not transferred correctly. In many cases, the thread was stuck afterwards. 
changelog_1007_li=Issue 264\: the Hibernate dialect in src/tools was removed because it is outdated. 
changelog_1008_li=Cache size limit could be exceeded for certain queries, leading to an OutOfMemoryError in some cases. Fixed. 
changelog_1009_h2=Version 1.3.148 Beta (2010-12-12)
changelog_1010_li=The built-in connection pool was simplified a bit. The dispose() method no longer throws an exception (it only logs it). 
changelog_1011_li=The database upgrade (to upgrade from H2 version 1.1.x) has been simplified. 
changelog_1012_li=The feature to log all errors (system properties h2.logAllErrors and h2.logAllErrorsFile) has been removed. 
changelog_1013_li=When starting the H2 Console, the properties file can now be completely disabled. 
changelog_1014_li=Server.openBrowser no longer writes to System.out directly if opening the URL failed. 
changelog_1015_li=The INSERT optimizations (INSERT ... DIRECT SORTED SELECT) were not parsed correctly when using a column list. 
changelog_1016_li=H2 Console\: the tables and columns are now listed for SQLite as well. 
changelog_1017_li=H2 Console\: improved autocomplete feature (also simplified the source code for this feature). 
changelog_1018_li=Issue 260\: the DbStarter servlet context listener now starts the server before opening a connection, so that connecting using the server mode works. 
changelog_1019_li=The Shell tool can now enable, disable, and display the current autocommit mode. 
changelog_1020_li=Issue 259\: there is a limitation in the cluster mode\: The SQL statement SET AUTOCOMMIT FALSE doesn't work. To disable autocommit, the method Connection.setAutoCommit(false) needs to be called. This is now documented. 
changelog_1021_li=Connection pool / DataSource\: a NullPointerException was thrown when using a database URL that doesn't start with "jdbc\:h2\:". 
changelog_1022_li=Using the java.sql.Blob or java.sql.Clob interfaces could throw the wrong exception after the object was closed. 
changelog_1023_li=LOB\: in server mode, if the feature "LOBs in database" is disabled, the temporary files are now created in the temp directory (the same as when "LOBs in database" is enabled). 
changelog_1024_h2=Version 1.2.147 (2010-11-21)
changelog_1025_li=H2 Console\: the server properties directory can now be set on the command line using java ... -properties &lt;directory&gt;. Issue 159. 
changelog_1026_li=New feature INSERT INTO ... DIRECT SELECT, mainly to speed up loading tables from a CSV file. When using DIRECT, then the results from the query are directly applied in the target table without any intermediate step (without temporary file). 
changelog_1027_li=Converting binary data to UUID was incorrect when the converting more than 31 bytes. Now always the first 16 bytes are used. 
changelog_1028_li=Improved date / time arithmetics. Now supported are multiplying and dividing a time with / by a number, adding and subtracting a time to / from a time or date, subtracting a time or timestamp from a timestamp. 
changelog_1029_li=The Ant build script has been removed because it is no longer up to date. 
changelog_1030_li=Nested outer joins without brackets were not working as expected. Example\: select * from a inner join b inner join c on c.id \= b.id on b.id \= a.id; 
changelog_1031_li=JMX (the Java management extension) is now supported. Issue 253. 
changelog_1032_li=Creating a comment on a column didn't work if the schema name was equal the database name. 
changelog_1033_li=When using multi-version concurrency, re-running a prepared statement with the same parameters would sometimes give the same result even if another connection committed a change (the previous result was sometimes re-used incorrectly). 
changelog_1034_li=When using SELECT_FOR_UPDATE_MVCC (lock only the selected rows when using MVCC), the selected rows were sometimes not locked correctly. 
changelog_1035_li=When using Lucene 3, the index files were not always closed when the database was closed. 
changelog_1036_li=Concurrently preparing a statement and altering a table could throw a table not found exception. 
changelog_1037_li=When concurrently preparing many statements with a subquery, in some cases the query didn't run (Column "..." must be in the GROUP BY list). 
changelog_1038_li=CallableStatement\: now the syntax "{? \= CALL...}" is supported as well. 
changelog_1039_li=Issue Lob in databases\: two small BLOB or CLOB values were always considered equal. This also affected unique indexes. 
changelog_1040_li=The shutdown hook is (re-) enabled by default even for H2 version 1.3.x. 
changelog_1041_li=When creating a database from a recovery script, the same user can now be used (CREATE USER now always includes IF EXISTS). 
changelog_1042_li=The H2 Console now prints a status message if started with parameters. 
changelog_1043_h2=Version 1.3.146 Beta (2010-11-08)
changelog_1044_li=This is a beta version. The next version will be 1.2.147. The differences between 1.2.x and 1.3.x are\: 
changelog_1045_li=In version 1.3.x, h2.lobInDatabase (store CLOB and BLOB in the database file) is enabled by default. 
changelog_1046_li=In version 1.3.x, ANALYZE_AUTO is 2000 (automatic ANALYZE). 
changelog_1047_li=In version 1.3.x, DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT (the shutdown hook) is disabled by default. 
changelog_1048_li=In version 1.3.x, DROP_RESTRICT (default action for DROP is RESTRICT) is enabled. 
changelog_1049_li=In version 1.3.x, FUNCTIONS_IN_SCHEMA (allow to store functions in a schema) is enabled. 
changelog_1050_li=In version 1.3.x, LARGE_TRANSACTIONS (support for very large transactions) is enabled. Changes to tables without a primary key can be buffered to disk. 
changelog_1051_li=In version 1.3.x, MAX_MEMORY_ROWS_DISTINCT is set to a 10000. 
changelog_1052_li=In version 1.3.x, NESTED_JOINS (nested joins and right outer joins) is enabled. 
changelog_1053_li=In version 1.3.x, OPTIMIZE_INSERT_FROM_SELECT (speed up CREATE TABLE ... AS SELECT) is enabled. 
changelog_1054_li=In version 1.3.x, OPTIMIZE_OR (convert OR conditions to IN(..) if possible) is enabled. 
changelog_1055_li=In version 1.3.x, QUERY_CACHE_SIZE is enabled. 
changelog_1056_li=In version 1.3.x, SELECT_FOR_UPDATE_MVCC (MVCC and SELECT FOR UPDATE) is enabled. 
changelog_1057_li=In version 1.3.x, RUNSCRIPT and SCRIPT (commands and tools), use UTF-8 by default (ScriptCommand.charset). 
changelog_1058_li=In version 1.3.x, Lucene 3 is used by default. Issue 147. 
changelog_1059_li=When the system property h2.lobInDatabase is set, the lob tables were always created when closing the database, even if the tables were not needed. 
changelog_1060_li=In the MySQL mode, SHOW TABLES didn't work, and meta data tables were not case insensitive. Updatable result sets didn't work as expected. Issue 249. 
changelog_1061_li=Connection-created Clob and Blob objects can now be filled using Clob.setCharacterStream(1), Clob.setString(1, s), Blob.setBytes(1, x), Blob.setBinaryStream(1). Issue 235. 
changelog_1062_li=Trying to convert a very small CLOB to a BLOB or a very small CLOB to a BLOB threw a NullPointerException. 
changelog_1063_li=INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SETTINGS\: now the current page count can be queried using select * from information_schema.settings where name \= 'info.PAGE_COUNT'. 
changelog_1064_li=For an invalid value exception, the parameter name and value was switched in some cases. 
changelog_1065_li=When using trace level 3, opening a database no longer prints there is a EOFException (because that is the expected behavior). 
changelog_1066_li=CALL calling a Java function with return type ResultSet and return value null threw a ClassCastException. 
changelog_1067_li=SELECT ... FROM CSVREAD no longer creates a temporary file. Some large imports are now twice as fast. 
changelog_1068_h2=Version 1.2.145 (2010-11-02)
changelog_1069_li=A new String cache is now created at most once every 5 second, so that out of memory exceptions are not artificially delayed. 
changelog_1070_li=After closing a database, the writer thread will stop after 100 ms at the latest (instead of 1 second). 
changelog_1071_li=Opening a large database could fail in theory if the process was killed and then not fully compacted (because the unique transaction log key was re-used). 
changelog_1072_li=Views now store the schema for Java functions if "functions in schemas" is enabled (system property h2.functionsInSchema). 
changelog_1073_li=Improved error message if the LOB files are already deleted on the client side. 
changelog_1074_li=Closing a Statement or PreparedStatement at the same time as executing a statement could throw a strange exception. Issue 241. 
changelog_1075_li=The Recover tool did not work with compressed lob files (set compress_lob lzf). Also, sometimes the Recover tool was very slow, specially using a 64-bit JVM, because it tried to de-compress lob files even if they were not compressed (which could allocate a lot of memory). 
changelog_1076_li=H2 Console\: webAllowOthers and webSSL were swapped if they didn't exist in the properties file. Issue 244. 
changelog_1077_li=When the system property h2.lobInDatabase is set, CREATE TABLE ... AS SELECT with a LOB column did not always work. 
changelog_1078_li=Some system properties are not supported any longer, because they can already be set in the database URL. The constants are\: CACHE_SIZE_DEFAULT, CACHE_TYPE_DEFAULT, DEFAULT_LOCK_MODE, LOCK_MODE_READ_COMMITTED, DEFAULT_MAX_LENGTH_INPLACE_LOB, DEFAULT_MAX_LENGTH_INPLACE_LOB2, DEFAULT_MAX_MEMORY_UNDO, DEFAULT_MAX_OPERATION_MEMORY, DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE, DEFAULT_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY, MIN_WRITE_DELAY. 
changelog_1079_li=Various system properties have been replaced with database level settings\: ALIAS_COLUMN_NAME, ANALYZE_AUTO, ANALYZE_SAMPLE, DATABASE_TO_UPPER, DEFAULT_ESCAPE, DEFRAG_ALWAYS, DROP_RESTRICT, ESTIMATED_FUNCTION_TABLE_ROWS, FUNCTIONS_IN_SCHEMA, LARGE_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE, LARGE_TRANSACTIONS, MAX_COMPACT_COUNT, MAX_COMPACT_TIME, MAX_MEMORY_ROWS_DISTINCT, MAX_QUERY_TIMEOUT, NESTED_JOINS, OPTIMIZE_DISTINCT, OPTIMIZE_EVALUATABLE_SUBQUERIES, OPTIMIZE_INSERT_FROM_SELECT, OPTIMIZE_IN_LIST, OPTIMIZE_IS_NULL, OPTIMIZE_OR, OPTIMIZE_SUBQUERY_CACHE, OPTIMIZE_TWO_EQUALS, OPTIMIZE_UPDATE, PAGE_STORE_INTERNAL_COUNT, PAGE_STORE_TRIM, QUERY_CACHE_SIZE, RECOMPILE_ALWAYS, RECONNECT_CHECK_DELAY, SELECT_FOR_UPDATE_MVCC, SHARE_LINKED_CONNECTIONS. See the Javadoc documentation of DbSettings for details. The system properties are still supported for backward compatibility. 
changelog_1080_li=When the system property h2.nestedJoins was enabled, some outer joins returned the wrong result. 
changelog_1081_li=Opening a database could throw a NullPointerException. 
changelog_1082_li=After a crash, the database file did not always shrink because old transaction log pages were not removed from the file. 
changelog_1083_li=Various CallableStatement methods could throw a NullPointerException. 
changelog_1084_li=LOB files were not deleted when running DROP ALL OBJECTS. 
changelog_1085_li=MS SQL Server compatibility\: support "N" in front of string literals ("National Language" strings). Issue 240. 
changelog_1086_li=CAST\: when converting a string to binary, it is hex encoded (every byte two characters); a hex string can be converted to a number by first converting it to binary. Examples\: CAST(CAST('FFFF' AS BINARY) AS INT) \= 65535, CAST(65535 AS BINARY) \= '0000FFFF'. 
changelog_1087_li=When a domain (user defined data type) contained a user defined function, the database could not be opened. 
changelog_1088_li=CAST('011' AS INT) will no longer use decode the value as an octal number (using Integer.decode) but now use Integer.parseInt. The same logic applied to byte, short, and long. This also means that trying to convert hex numbers (0x...) with CAST now fails. 
changelog_1089_li=A table in the Recover tool script could not be imported if the script contained duplicate keys. 
changelog_1090_h2=Version 1.2.144 (2010-10-15)
changelog_1091_li=The Windows .bat files did not contain CR+LF. 
changelog_1092_li=The LOB storage (when the system property h2.lobInDatabase is set) is now only initialized when needed. 
changelog_1093_li=The index condition columnName IS NULL was not efficient when using a clustered index. 
changelog_1094_li=The Recover tool did not work for databases larger than 2 GB. 
changelog_1095_li=In memory database\: outer joins with a condition "column is null" could return the wrong result. 
changelog_1096_li=Temporary files were not created in the temporary directory of the system, but in the current working directory. This affected temporary undo log files for read-only databases, temporary files for large result sets when using read-only databases, and temporary LOB files when storing LOBs in the database (system property h2.lobInDatabase). When the setting h2.lobInDatabase is not set, temporary LOB files are still stored in a sub-directory (.lobs.db/) of the current working directory. 
changelog_1097_li=New experimental feature to speed up CREATE TABLE ... AS SELECT. To enable the feature, set the system property h2.optimizeInsertFromSelect to true. For large queries, performance can be doubled. 
changelog_1098_li=When LOB objects are stored in the database (using the experimental setting h2.lobInDatabase), and using the MVCC mode, opening a database with uncommitted transactions could throw a NullPointerException. 
changelog_1099_li=Support of stored procedures with OUT parameters in CallableStatement is implemented. 
changelog_1100_li=PreparedStatement.getMetaData() was not always consistent with resulting ResultSet.getMetaData(). 
changelog_1101_li=The build tool now uses JAVA_HOME for javac as well. Issue 233. 
changelog_1102_li=Opening and closing encrypted databases is now much faster. 
changelog_1103_li=H2 Console\: new experimental feature to support file download and upload, but only if there is a directory called "transfer" in the current working directory. For security reasons, only very simple file names are supported. Sub-directories are not supported. To upload, use transfer.jsp; to download, use transfer/fileName. 
changelog_1104_li=A new sample application that shows how to manually create an encrypted and compressed script file. 
changelog_1105_li=Performance has been improved a bit. 
changelog_1106_li=DatabaseMetaData.getJDBCMajorVersion now returns 4 (instead of 3) when the driver is compiled with Java 6 (the default). 
changelog_1107_li=Re-added the internal utility class BitField which improves performance of opening and closing a database (because it supports setByte / getByte, unlike java.util.BitSet). 
changelog_1108_li=INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SESSIONS\: the start time of a SQL statement is no longer set in each case. It is only set for long running statements. This change should improve performance a bit on some devices, specially when using Android. 
changelog_1109_li=A old databases without user name and password (created with H2 version 1.2.142 or older) couldn't be opened with version 1.2.143. Fixed. 
changelog_1110_li=The database upgrade classes have been renamed. 
changelog_1111_li=The database did not automatically upgrade when using a connection pool or data source. 
changelog_1112_li=JaQu\: a database object can now also be created using a DataSource. Issue 227. 
changelog_1113_li=The built-in profiler now better supports the Dalvik VM. 
changelog_1114_li=The jarSmall build target no longer includes assertions (SysProperties.CHECK, CHECK2, system properties h2.check and h2.check2). 
changelog_1115_li=The jarSmall build target excluded the DbUpgrade classes by mistake. 
changelog_1116_h2=Version 1.2.143 (2010-09-18)
changelog_1117_li=If the user name and password are not set or empty, then the password is not hashed. To disable this behavior, set the system property h2.emptyPassword to false. TCP server\: the default user name for the management database is now an empty string. 
changelog_1118_li=Cluster\: auto-commit was disabled after opening a connection. 
changelog_1119_li=Connection.getAutoCommit() is now much faster, specially when using the server mode. 
changelog_1120_li=Statement.cancel() had no effect when using the server mode. 
changelog_1121_li=SCRIPT\: the SQL script no longer contains settings that match the default value. 
changelog_1122_li=Statement.cancel() did not work when running RUNSCRIPT and SCRIPT. 
changelog_1123_li=Statement.cancel() could cause a NullPointerException. 
changelog_1124_li=In some cases (specially when using a small cache size or a large database over 1 GB) for some operations like ALTER TABLE the data was written before the transaction log entries, which could cause a corrupt database if the process was killed during the ALTER TABLE operation. Thanks a lot to Victor Pyankov for helping solve this problem\! 
changelog_1125_li=The Recover tool could throw a ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException when trying to recover a corrupt database file. 
changelog_1126_li=The SCRIPT command and tool now uses the default file encoding for the system now instead of UTF-8 (as before). In most cases, this will not affect existing applications, as the encoding only affects how SQL identifiers (table names and so on) that contain special characters are stored. Table data is escaped, and therefore is no problem. 
changelog_1127_li=The SCRIPT command and tool now also support the CHARSET option (like RUNSCRIPT). 
changelog_1128_li=When closing a database, sometimes empty space in the database was not freed up. 
changelog_1129_li=Trying to create a view with parameters in the query will now throw an exception. So far, creating the view was allowed, but the parameter value was not used (null was used instead). 
changelog_1130_li=New experimental feature SHUTDOWN DEFRAG. This option re-orders the pages while closing the database so that table scans are faster. 
changelog_1131_li=When using the MULTI_THREADED option, concurrently reading from a database (specially from a larger database, or when using a small cache size) could throw an exception. 
changelog_1132_li=When adding a comment to a column that has a check constraint, the database couldn't be re-opened. 
changelog_1133_li=New system property h2.lobClientMaxSizeMemory to set the maximum size of a LOB object to keep in memory on the client side when using the server mode. 
changelog_1134_h2=Version 1.2.142 (2010-08-31)
changelog_1135_li=Documentation for using H2 on Android devices has been added under Tutorial - Android. 
changelog_1136_li=An ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException was thrown when querying the table information_schema.function_aliases while there are any user defined aggregate functions. 
changelog_1137_li=The jar files are now about 50 KB smaller. In the last few versions they contained superfluous classes. 
changelog_1138_li=The default time to compact a database when closing (system property h2.maxCompactTime) is now 0.2 seconds instead of 1 second. 
changelog_1139_li=Opening an closing a database is now faster. 
changelog_1140_li=In theory, when using indexes with large index rows (or when using a very small page size), removing rows could throw an internal exception in some cases. 
changelog_1141_li=Inserting rows in reverse order could throw an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException in some cases (specially rows larger than the page size, which is 2 KB by default). Issue 226. 
changelog_1142_li=H2 Console\: with Chrome and Safari, resizing the table/query frame doesn't work. Issue 225. 
changelog_1143_li=New experimental database file locking mechanism "FS" to use native file locking (no *.lock.db file is created in this case, and no background thread is started). This mechanism may not work on all systems (on some systems it's possible to lock the same file multiple times within the same virtual machine, and on some system native file locking is not working or unlocking is not working). 
changelog_1144_h2=Version 1.2.141 (2010-08-22)
changelog_1145_li=New experimental pseudo-encryption algorithm "FOG". It makes the data appear to be encrypted. This algorithm is cryptographically extremely weak, and should only be used to hide data from reading the plain text using a text editor. Please let us know if you think this is useful or not. 
changelog_1146_li=Documentation\: the grammar and function documentation can now be easier translated. 
changelog_1147_li=Password hash\: in addition to connecting with the plain text password, H2 now supports connecting with the password hash. Like this you don't have to store plain text passwords in config files. For details, see the documentation at Advanced / Password Hash. 
changelog_1148_li=Lucene 3.x support was added in the source code, however it is not yet enabled by default and is not yet supported when using the default h2 jar file. To enable Lucene 3.x support, the source code of H2 needs to be switched using <code>./build.sh -Dlucene\=3 switchSource</code>, and then re-compile. To switch the source code back use <code>./build.sh -Dlucene\=2 switchSource</code> (replace ./build.sh with build.bat on Windows). The plan is to use Lucene 3 by default in H2 version 1.3.x. Issue 147. 
changelog_1149_li=The native fulltext search could cause a Java level deadlock if searching from multiple connections concurrently. 
changelog_1150_li=CREATE FORCE VIEW didn't work in most cases if a referenced table didn't exist. 
changelog_1151_li=MVCC\: when trying to insert two rows with the same key from two connections, the second connection immediately threw the exception "Unique index or primary key violation". Instead, the second connection now waits throwing the exception until the first connection committed the change (same as when trying to concurrently update the same row). 
changelog_1152_li=Server mode\: if the client ran with a different timezone setting than the server, date values got shifted by the difference between the timezones. This problem affected the data types DATE, TIME, and TIMESTAMP, when using PreparedStatement.setDate / setTime / setTimestamp and ResultSet.getDate / getTime / getTimestamp. To solve the problem, both the client and the server need to be updated (otherwise the old transfer protocol is used). 
changelog_1153_li=The built-in connection pool (JdbcConnectionPool) did not always honor the login timeout (the timeout could occur much too early). Thanks a lot to Dario Fassi for the patch\! 
changelog_1154_li=Translation\: the new messages have been translated to Spanish. Thanks a lot to Dario Fassi\! 
changelog_1155_li=The table INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SETTINGS now contains all H2-specific system properties (the ones that start with "h2.") and that are explicitly set. Previously, some H2-specific settings (for example h2.analyzeAuto) were missing in this list. 
changelog_1156_li=EXPLAIN ANALYZE with an in-memory database threw an exception. Issue 216. 
changelog_1157_li=Data modifications (inserts, updates, and deletes) are now up to 5 times faster because converting objects to byte arrays is avoided if possible. 
changelog_1158_li=LOG\=0 is now a bit faster (previously undo log entries were still written). 
changelog_1159_li=The command line tools now say so if the source directory of an option doesn't exist. 
changelog_1160_li=It is now allowed to truncate a table if referential integrity has been disabled for this table or database. 
changelog_1161_li=For unencrypted databases, the automatic upgrade temporary script file is now unencrypted again. 
changelog_1162_h2=Version 1.2.140 (2010-07-25)
changelog_1163_li=The default MAX_LOG_SIZE is now 16 MB instead of 2 MB. Some uses cases are 3 times faster now. 
changelog_1164_li=Improved cache memory usage calculation. 
changelog_1165_li=Only resources that are actually used are loaded in memory. This can reduce the memory usage by about 400 KB. 
changelog_1166_li=Profiling\: the jar file can now be installed as an agent using java -javaagent\:h2*.jar - this was be used to more accurately calculate the memory footprint of the cache. It has no effect when using H2 (using this feature in an application is not needed and not recommended). 
changelog_1167_li=The cache was not used efficiently when reading (behaving like a FIFO cache instead of an LRU cache). 
changelog_1168_li=Storing lobs in the database has been changed. It is now faster. Unfortunately, the change is not backward compatible; if you have used h2.lobInDatabase before you will need to re-build the database. 
changelog_1169_li=SHUTDOWN COMPACT is now faster. 
changelog_1170_li=H2 Console\: requesting the status did not always show the window on top of others. 
changelog_1171_li=H2 Console\: on some system, the browser windows got opened when requesting a new one. 
changelog_1172_li=The built-in profiling tool now uses a default stack depth of 32 elements and a default interval of 10 ms. 
changelog_1173_li=Database files now grows in 1 MB blocks (and at least 20% at a time), instead of always 256 KB. This speeds up loading a new database. 
changelog_1174_li=H2 Console\: new built-in command @sleep to help profile another session. 
changelog_1175_li=For improved performance, LOG\=0 and LOG\=1 are again supported. LOG\=0 means the transaction log is disabled completely (fastest; for loading a database). LOG\=1 means the transaction log is enabled, but FileDescriptor.sync is disabled (if no protection against power failure is required). LOG\=2 is the default (transaction log is enabled, FileDescriptor.sync for each checkpoint). 
changelog_1176_li=After deleting a lot of data (for example by dropping or altering tables, or indexes, or after a large transaction), opening a large database was very slow. Fixed. 
changelog_1177_li=When killing the process after creating and dropping many tables (specially temporary tables), the database could not be opened sometimes. 
changelog_1178_li=CAST(NULL AS ...) doesn't forget the data type, precision, and scale any longer. 
changelog_1179_li=Experimental support for recursive queries (see 'Advanced' - 'Recursive Queries' for details). 
changelog_1180_li=Problems with JDK 1.6.0_18 have been reports in the class StringUtils.quoteRemarkSQL. This method is now changed. 
changelog_1181_li=The "small jar" distribution did not include the CompressTool, which was required for some operations. Fixed. 
changelog_1182_li=The build tool now supports (minimalistic) shell mode, started using ./build.sh - 
changelog_1183_li=IS NULL comparison with nested queries and linked tables did not work. Example\: select * from (select x from test) where x is null. 
changelog_1184_li=Support for null-safe equals. This includes the ANSI SQL standard syntax A IS [NOT] DISTINCT FROM B as well as the shorter A IS [NOT] B. 
changelog_1185_li=Primary key violations threw a strange exception message when using a single column INT or BIGINT key. 
changelog_1186_li=EXPLAIN ANALYZE now also lists the number of pages read from the file. 
changelog_1187_li=Memory mapped files\: There was a bug in version 1.2.139 so that memory mapped files could only be used together with split, for example\: split\:nioMapped\: - the problem is now solved. It is still a good idea to use split\:nioMapped\: to work around the 2 GB limitation of memory mapped files. 
changelog_1188_li=Memory mapped files\: the system property h2.nioCleanerHack is now disabled by default because it was not always working as expected. Now System.gc() is used in a loop until the buffer is garbage collected. This of course is also not a nice solution, but the only one known to work. See also http\://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id\=4724038 
changelog_1189_li=Bugfixes for the automatic 1.1 db migration. 
changelog_1190_li=If an old 1.1 database file version is found on connect, it is now possible to let the old h2 classes (v 1.2.128) connect to the database. The automatic upgrade .jar file must be present, and the url must contain NO_UPGRADE\=TRUE 
changelog_1191_li=The automatic upgrade temporary script file is now encrypted. 
changelog_1192_h2=Version 1.2.139 (2010-07-10)
changelog_1193_li=There was a bug in the internal IntIntHashMap. There were no known side effects however. 
changelog_1194_li=ANALYZE now uses less memory. 
changelog_1195_li=Memory mapped file system\: improved error messages if there is a problem. 
changelog_1196_li=The Lucene fulltext search did not work well when using special file systems such as split or nioMapped. 
changelog_1197_li=The memory mapped file system (nioMapped\: file prefix) couldn't seek past the file length. 
changelog_1198_li=Some file system operations did not work with stacked file systems (for example split and nioMapped). This also affected the DeleteDbFiles tool. 
changelog_1199_li=New experimental query cache. The cache is only used if the SQL statement and all parameters match. Each session has it's own cache with the given size. Only the last returned result per query is cached. Only SELECT statements are cached (excluding UNION and FOR UPDATE statements). This works for both statements and prepared statement. To enable, set the system property h2.commandCacheSize to a value larger than 0. There is currently no plan to enable this option by default in future versions. 
changelog_1200_li=Conditions with many OR operations could throw an UnsupportedOperationException if h2.optimizeOr was enabled. 
changelog_1201_li=XA connection\: after transaction commit or rollback, the physical connection is set into autocommit mode. 
changelog_1202_li=MULTI_THREADED did not work correctly and could throw the exception "try to add a record twice" for larger databases because cache access was not correctly synchronized. 
changelog_1203_li=Automatic database upgrade from non page store is now possible. If the classes from the h2mig_pagestore_addon.jar file are in the classpath, the database will be converted to the current page store format automatically. The file can be found here\: <a href\="http\://h2database.com/h2mig_pagestore_addon.jar">http\://h2database.com/h2mig_pagestore_addon.jar</a> 
changelog_1204_li=The MultiDimension tools was extended with a few helper methods. The API was unified a bit. 
changelog_1205_li=ODBC\: MS Access could not link to a table with unique index or primary key. To solve this problem, index meta data is currently disabled for ODBC. When using the new H2 version to access a database over ODBC, the PostgreSQL catalog is automatically upgraded. Using a database with an upgraded PostgreSQL catalog with an older version of H2 is still possible, but not over ODBC. 
changelog_1206_li=ODBC\: MS Access could not link to a table with a name containing '_'. 
changelog_1207_li=ODBC\: additional connection settings can now be added to the database name. Example\: ~/test;cipher\=xtea. Therefore, encrypted databases are supported. 
changelog_1208_li=Local temporary tables can now be created without having to commit a transaction using CREATE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE TEMP(ID INT PRIMARY KEY) TRANSACTIONAL. 
changelog_1209_li=New system property h2.dropRestrict (default false) to change the default action for DROP TABLE and DROP VIEW (false for CASCADE, true for RESTRICT). The plan is to enable this property by default in version 1.3.x. 
changelog_1210_li=DROP TABLE now also supports CASCADE (still the default) and RESTRICT. 
changelog_1211_li=The wrong exception was thrown when trying to connect to a server if the server was not running. 
changelog_1212_li=UNION queries where the first query contains a nested query were parsed incorrectly. Example\: "select 1 from (select 2 from dual) union select 3 from dual" was parsed as "select 1 from ((select 2 from dual) union select 3 from dual)". Fixed. 
changelog_1213_li=Support ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO newName (rename schema). (patch from Kerry Sainsbury) 
changelog_1214_h2=Version 1.2.138 (2010-06-27)
changelog_1215_li=Referential integrity\: it was not allowed to delete a row with NULL in the parent table, if there was a row with NULL in the child table. 
changelog_1216_li=Experimental feature to support case sensitive catalog names and database names using the DATABASE() method. To use this feature, set the system property h2.databaseToUpper to false. The plan is to set the property to false by default in version 1.3.x. Issue 204 - thanks to Sylvain Cuaz (ILM Informatique) for the patch. 
changelog_1217_li=Experimental feature to support nested joins. To enable, set the system property h2.nestedJoins to true. If enabled, nested joins and right outer joins should work as expected (issues 145, 177, and 203). The plan is to enable this feature by default in version 1.3.x. 
changelog_1218_li=New sample application\: CachedPreparedStatements. 
changelog_1219_li=When creating functions within a schema, those functions could not be used in views, nested queries, and constraints. Fixed. 
changelog_1220_li=The benchmarks have been run using recent database versions. 
changelog_1221_li=Version 1.2.137 could still not be converted to Java 1.4 (because the Retrotranslator doesn't support BigDecimal.precision). 
changelog_1222_li=Cluster\: non-admin users could not connect when one of the cluster node was stopped. Issue 206. 
changelog_1223_li=DROP VIEW now supports the CASCADE and RESTRICT clauses (patch from Kerry Sainsbury) 
changelog_1224_li=CREATE VIEW now supports the OR REPLACE clause (patch from Kerry Sainsbury) 
changelog_1225_li=Build tool\: ability to only run one test using the -Dtest\=className setting. eg\: build -Dtest\=org.h2.test.db.TestViewDropView test (patch from Kerry Sainsbury). 
changelog_1226_h2=Version 1.2.137 (2010-06-06)
changelog_1227_li=Statements with a nested query and a condition that was always NULL threw an IndexOutOfBoundsException. Example\: select * from (select null as x) where x\=1 
changelog_1228_li=The changes that were made to support large transactions also fixed a bug with large transactions (when the undo log file size is larger than 2 GB). 
changelog_1229_li=Experimental feature to support very large transactions (except when using MVCC). To enable, set the system property h2.largeTransactions to true. If enabled, changes to tables without a primary key can be buffered to disk. The plan is to enable this feature by default in version 1.3.x. 
changelog_1230_li=H2 Console\: editing result sets is now also working for database other than H2, if they do support updatable result sets. Add "@edit" before the query. Only limited testing has been done on this feature, some data types may not work (please provide feedback if you find issues). 
changelog_1231_li=Cluster\: an open transaction was committed when a cluster node was stopped (because disabling the cluster executes SET CLUSTER '', which committed the transaction). Transaction are no longer committed when calling SET CLUSTER. Issue 199. 
changelog_1232_li=Cluster\: non-admin users couldn't connect to the cluster and couldn't disable the cluster. Issue 201. 
changelog_1233_li=Cluster\: NEXTVAL('sequence') was only called on one cluster node, therefore sequence values could get out of sync. 
changelog_1234_li=Version 1.2.136 could not be converted to Java 1.4 (because the Retrotranslator doesn't support BigDecimal.precision). A workaround has been implemented. 
changelog_1235_li=The error code of IO exceptions in CSV functions was incorrect. 
changelog_1236_li=The TriggerPassData example now uses a prefix (the database name). 
changelog_1237_li=The wrong exception was thrown when trying to reference a table that doesn't support references such as a table in the information schema. 
changelog_1238_li=Server.shutdownTcpServer can now stop all TCP servers on this JVM. 
changelog_1239_li=JdbcConnectionPool\: the default connection timeout is now 30 seconds (it used to be 5 minutes). 
changelog_1240_li=LOB storage\: LOBs added with "h2.lobInDatabase" enabled couldn't be read later with this option disabled. 
changelog_1241_h2=Version 1.2.136 (2010-05-24)
changelog_1242_li=When using ORDER BY and there are both ascending and descending indexes, the database used the first index even when the second one could be used for sorting. 
changelog_1243_li=Conditions of the form columnName IS NULL now use an index. To disable this feature, set the system property h2.optimizeIsNull to false. 
changelog_1244_li=H2 Console\: when the settings were not stored yet (for example when running for the first time), the last recently used settings were not stored. A workaround was to create the file ".h2.server.properties" manually in the current user home directory, with the contents\: webAllowOthers\=false, webPort\=8082, webSSL\=false, 0\=Generic H2 (Embedded)|org.h2.Driver|jdbc\\\:h2\\\:~/test|sa (where a comma is a newline). 
changelog_1245_li=The source code is now switched to Java 6 (JDK 1.6) by default. Java 5 (JDK 1.5) is still supported, and the jar file is still compiled for Java 5. 
changelog_1246_li=The BOM (the byte-order-mark) character 0xfeff at the beginning of the file is ignored. This is for compatibility with Microsoft Excel. 
changelog_1247_li=When opening an existing database, the cache size is set to at most half the amount of memory available for the virtual machine (Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()), even if the cache size setting stored in the database is larger. Setting the cache size in the database URL or explicitly using SET CACHE_SIZE overrides this value (even if larger than the physical memory). 
changelog_1248_li=INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SETTINGS\: the cache size is now returned in KB. 
changelog_1249_li=New system property h2.selectForUpdateMvcc, the default is false (the feature is disabled). When enabled, SELECT ... FOR UPDATE only locks the selected rows in the MVCC mode. Aggregate or GROUP BY queries are not allowed in this case. 
changelog_1250_li=Profiler\: improved message if there was no stack trace. 
changelog_1251_li=The H2 Console can now be used within another application, in a frame or iframe. Issue 197. 
changelog_1252_li=Recover tool\: the statistics section now includes page type counts again. 
changelog_1253_li=Queries with multiple IN(...) conditions sometimes return the wrong results when there was a multi-column index for the column. 
changelog_1254_li=Queries with IN(..., NULL) did sometimes return the wrong results when there was a index for the column. 
changelog_1255_li=DECIMAL\: faster precision and memory usage calculations. 
changelog_1256_li=A new class org.h2.tools.TriggerAdapter allows to use the ResultSet interface within trigger implementations. 
changelog_1257_li=A subselect which used an index could lead to wrong results. Fixed. 
changelog_1258_li=Creating a cached temporary non persistent table with a primary key threw a NullPointerException. 
changelog_1259_h2=Version 1.2.135 (2010-05-08)
changelog_1260_li=Temporary files were not deleted when using large transactions, disabling autocommit, and closing the session without committing. 
changelog_1261_li=Queries using multiple IN(..) conditions on the same table could cause repeated rows in the result set. 
changelog_1262_li=Translation\: Lubomir Grajciar translated the H2 Console as well as all error message to Slovensky. Thanks a lot\! 
changelog_1263_li=There was a possible Java level deadlock when opening an uninitialized database and using a file system that also opened a database. 
changelog_1264_li=When killing the process while the database was writing a checkpoint, while it was closing, or while running recovery (while removing temporary tables from a previous run), the database could become corrupt. A new test case has been implemented to ensure such problems can not occur in the future. 
changelog_1265_li=File system\: new method FileSystem.setReadOnly. 
changelog_1266_li=The page size for new databases can now be set in the database URL using ;PAGE_SIZE\=512. Currently this feature is only used to simplify testing. 
changelog_1267_li=New system property h2.functionsInSchema (default is false). If enabled, the SCRIPT statement always includes the schema name in the CREATE ALIAS statement (even if the schema is PUBLIC). This is not backward compatible with H2 versions 1.2.134 and older. 
changelog_1268_li=Functions\: it is no longer required to add a space after a comma in the parameter list. Example\: CREATE ALIAS PARSE_INT FOR "java.lang.Integer.parseInt(java.lang.String,int)" 
changelog_1269_li=Functions now reside within a schema, similar to sequences. If you do create such functions in schemas other than PUBLIC, then the database can not be opened with older versions of H2. 
changelog_1270_li=Cluster\: after a cluster node failed, the second cluster node can now be re-created and started without having to stop the first cluster node, and without having to stop running applications. To do that, append ;AUTO_RECONNECT\=TRUE to the database URL. 
changelog_1271_li=Auto-reconnect\: if another connection uses the database in exclusive mode then this connection will try to re-connect until the exclusive mode ends. This is important when using the cluster mode. 
changelog_1272_li=SET EXCLUSIVE now supports 0 (disable), 1 (enable), and 2 (enable and close all other connections). 
changelog_1273_li=Installing the H2 as a service should now work on Windows 7. The batch files now explicitly set the directory using pushd "%~dp0". 
changelog_1274_li=Temporary tables can now be 'cached', that means indexes of temporary tables can be persisted. This enables very large temporary tables (both local and global). 
changelog_1275_li=The CreateCluster tool now sets the source database in exclusive mode before copying data to the new database. 
changelog_1276_li=The H2 Console now stream results one statement / result set at a time (using chunked transfer encoding). To disable, set the system property h2.consoleStream to false. This feature is not supported when using a servlet container. 
changelog_1277_li=The H2 Console did not call the CreateCluster tool with the correctly escaped parameters. 
changelog_1278_li=Improved PostgreSQL compatibility for ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN. 
changelog_1279_li=Commas at the end of INSERT ... VALUES (), (), are now supported. 
changelog_1280_li=The H2 Console "Start Browser" button now works even when the IP address changes while the tool runs (for example, because a wireless connection breaks, or when enabling / disabling the network connection). 
changelog_1281_li=When casting from float or double to BigDecimal, the result was sometimes unexpected, because "new BigDecimal(double val)" was used. Now "BigDecimal.valueOf(double val)" and "new BigDecimal(Float.toString(f))" are used. But it is still not recommended to use float or double for currency values (see data type documentation). 
changelog_1282_li=Global temporary tables are now deleted when closing the database. Before, they were deleted when opening the database the next time. 
changelog_1283_li=UNIQUE was not listed as a keyword. 
changelog_1284_li=Improved error message when an non-SQL-exception occurred in a user defined function. The method name and parameters are included in the error message. 
changelog_1285_li=For some queries, the exception did not include the SQL statement. Example\: select x from system_range(1, 2) group by 'a'. 
changelog_1286_li=The Shell tool will execute SQL statements passed as using the command line parameter -sql. 
changelog_1287_li=If InetAddress.getLocalHost() fails, the database should now throw an exception. 
changelog_1288_li=New columns INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INDEXES.INDEX_CLASS and INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES.TABLE_CLASS. 
changelog_1289_li=INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INDEXES.SQL now contains the CREATE INDEX statement instead of just the fully qualified index name. 
changelog_1290_h2=Version 1.2.134 (2010-04-23)
changelog_1291_li=New system property h2.analyzeAuto (default 0 meaning disabled) to automatically run ANALYZE after that many changes to a table. For details, see the Javadoc of this system property. The plan is to set this property to 2000 in version 1.3.x. 
changelog_1292_li=JdbcXAConnection.start() does not support TMJOIN. Issue 189. 
changelog_1293_li=MySQL compatibility\: TIMESTAMPDIFF is now an alias for DATEDIFF. 
changelog_1294_li=MERGE did not respect foreign key and check constraints. 
changelog_1295_li=ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN\: changing the data type of a column no longer makes it nullable. 
changelog_1296_li=When using AUTO_SERVER\=TRUE, the server is now started as a daemon thread. This was a problem when using Tomcat and a connection pool. 
changelog_1297_li=Servers can now be started as a daemon thread using the command line options -tcpDaemon, -pgDaemon, and -webDaemon. 
changelog_1298_li=H2 Console\: the built-in commands are now documented. 
changelog_1299_li=REPLACE\: if any parameter is null, the result is null. 
changelog_1300_li=Queries with DISTINCT and ORDER BY will now use the index on ORDER BY if possible. This is specially important for queries used inside IN(SELECT ...). 
changelog_1301_li=The new statement EXPLAIN ANALYZE executes the statement, and displays the query plan with the actual row scan count for each table. 
changelog_1302_li=H2 Console\: the auto-complete feature didn't quote column names that need quoting. Issue 186. 
changelog_1303_li=The experimental LOB storage mechanism now supports all features of the old one. To use it, set the system property "h2.lobInDatabase" to "true". If you have used this feature in version 1.2.133, you need to export and re-import the database using SCRIPT / RUNSCRIPT. 
changelog_1304_li=The functions isBeforeFirst() and isAfterLast() were not compliant to the JDBC spec. If the ResultSet contains no rows, they must return false. Fixed. 
changelog_1305_li=Filesystem parameters like "split\:" didn't work in server mode with baseDir set. 
changelog_1306_li=If baseDir is set, and a database name is given which points to a directory outside the baseDir (eg. "../dbname"), an exception is thrown. 
changelog_1307_h2=Version 1.2.133 (2010-04-10)
changelog_1308_li=A new experimental LOB storage mechanism is available. When enabled, CLOB and BLOB data is stored in hidden tables in the database. To use it, set the system property "h2.lobInDatabase" to "true". Compression is not yet implemented. Duplicate objects are only stored once. Usually writing is slower, but reading is faster (mainly because of caching). 
changelog_1309_li=The Shell tool threw a NumberFormatException on a empty statement. 
changelog_1310_li=The h2small-*.jar did not support "drop all objects delete files". Now it is supported (the DeleteDbFiles tool is now included). 
changelog_1311_li=Operations that don't fit in memory are now faster. Temporary file handling was changed. 
changelog_1312_li=The default maximum log stream size is now 2 MB. This is a good value according to some performance tests. 
changelog_1313_li=New system property "h2.syncMethod" to configure what method to call when closing the database, on checkpoint, and on CHECKPOINT SYNC. The default is "sync" which calls RandomAccessFile.getFD().sync(). 
changelog_1314_li=ROWNUM could not be used for pagination. The follow query returned no rows\: select x from (select *, rownum as r from system_range(1, 3)) where r\=2; 
changelog_1315_li=Workaround for a java.sql.Date issue\: years above 9999 are not formatted correctly. When calling ResultSet.getString() on a date value, an alternative formatting algorithm is used. 
changelog_1316_li=Prepared statements with nested subqueries did not always return the correct result. Example\: select ?, ?, (select count(*) from test t, (select id from test where 0\=?) t2 where t2.id\=t.id) from test 
changelog_1317_li=When using MULTI_THREADED\=TRUE, the exception following exception could be thrown\: "object already exists\: TABLES" 
changelog_1318_li=Comparison of integer columns against float numbers was not always correct. Issue 182. 
changelog_1319_li=H2 Console\: Editing the result of a multi-line queries failed. Issue 183. 
changelog_1320_li=H2 Console\: if the settings file (.h2.properties) can't be accessed, the exception is now ignored. 
changelog_1321_h2=Version 1.2.132 (2010-03-21)
changelog_1322_li=The implementation of a Java to C (source code level) converter has been started. The plan is\: it should be possible to convert H2 (or a part of it) to C so that the database can be run without a JVM. This will be a long term project (it may take a year or so). 
changelog_1323_li=User defined table implementation can now be used using CREATE TABLE ... ENGINE. Thanks to Sergi Vladykin for implementing this feature\! 
changelog_1324_li=Improved MS SQL Server compatibility\: support string concatenation using "+". Thanks to Stepan for the patch\! 
changelog_1325_li=When using the multi-threaded mode, running ANALYZE concurrently in multiple connections could throw an exception. 
changelog_1326_li=The MERGE statement is now about 30% faster when using a PreparedStatement. 
changelog_1327_li=Multi-column indexes where the second or later column was descending did not always produce correct results (rows were missing in the result set, or the result set was empty). 
changelog_1328_li=When using large transactions or a small log size, the database could get very slow (profiling shows the hotspot is in FileObjectDisk.sync()). 
changelog_1329_li=The Shell tool now prints the stack trace when the list mode is enabled. 
changelog_1330_li=CREATE ALIAS ... AS\: Compilation was incorrect if the source code contained characters that are not supported by the default file encoding. 
changelog_1331_li=Issue 176\: the JdbcDataSource now also supports a 'description' property. 
changelog_1332_li=The Shell tool threw a ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException after 20 statements. 
changelog_1333_li=When using the small version of H2 ('jarClient'), the first call to Connection.createBlob (or similar) could throw a ClassNotFoundException because the file org.h2.store.fs.FileSystemZip is not included. This missing class is now ignored. 
changelog_1334_li=Literals of type BIGINT now have the correct data type. 
changelog_1335_h2=Version 1.2.131 (2010-03-05)
changelog_1336_li=Older versions of H2 (version 1.2.127 and older) could not connect to a new version (version 1.2.129 and newer). The connection blocked when trying to connect. Now the connection no longer blocks, instead a SQL exception is thrown. 
changelog_1337_li=In versions 1.2.129 and 1.2.130, a database could not be opened sometimes after dropping tables or indexes, and then creating new indexes for existing tables. The exception contained the text "parent not found" (version 1.2.129) or "Table not found" (version 1.2.130). 
changelog_1338_li=After the database was closed, a null pointer exception could occur in Database.flush. 
changelog_1339_li=An ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException could occur in the page store (eg. on "delete from table"). Fixed. 
changelog_1340_h2=Version 1.2.130 (2010-02-26)
changelog_1341_li=EXPLAIN\: The query plan now contains ".tableScan" if a table scan is used. 
changelog_1342_li=IN(..)\: when combining and IN(..) condition with a condition that didn't use an index, the result could contain duplicate rows. 
changelog_1343_li=IN(..)\: the index was not used if there were multiple IN(..) conditions. 
changelog_1344_li=For foreign key constraints, the metadata column INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INDEXES.CONSTRAINT_NAME was not set for non-unique indexes. 
changelog_1345_li=PostgreSQL compatibility\: when using the following exception was thrown\: Column "T.TYPTYPMOD" not found. Fixed. This is only when using psqlodbc_08_04*. 
changelog_1346_li=A tool to migrate an old database from the non-page store format to the newest version has been added in src/tools/org/h2/dev/util/Migrate.java. This file is not included in the jar file currently. 
changelog_1347_li=When using temporary tables, the database didn't shrink sometimes when closing. Also, sometimes a database could not recover normally. 
changelog_1348_li=Large transactions could run out of heap space. The maximum size of a transaction is now much larger. 
changelog_1349_li=The default setting for the system property h2.webMaxValueLength is now 100000 (it was 10000 before). 
changelog_1350_li=Creating a database was delayed about 2 seconds if the directory didn't exist. 
changelog_1351_li=Implemented INIT feature. If the database URL contains ";INIT\=...;" then the DDL or DML commands following are executed on startup. Example URL\: jdbc\:h2\:mem\:test;INIT\=RUNSCRIPT FROM '~/create.sql' (patch from Kerry Sainsbury). 
changelog_1352_h2=Version 1.2.129 (2010-02-19)
changelog_1353_li=The methods of the CloseListener are added to the Trigger interface. The interface CloseListener is removed. This is potentially a breaking change for existing triggers. 
changelog_1354_li=CREATE ALIAS\: error message when compiling Java code have been improved. 
changelog_1355_li=MVCC\: creating a table with an incorrect constraint could cause strange errors. 
changelog_1356_li=Hash indexes now are only used for single column indexes. 
changelog_1357_li=The cache types WEAK_* and TQ are no longer supported. A weak reference cache never frees up memory so it's the same as having a very large cache size. The TQ cache was not included in the jar file since a longer time, and was not tested. 
changelog_1358_li=The file system abstraction no longer throws SQL exceptions. 
changelog_1359_li=DatabaseEventListener.diskSpaceIsLow has changed. 
changelog_1360_li=The CompressTool no longer throw as SQL exceptions. Instead, it throws runtime exceptions. 
changelog_1361_li=SimpleResultSet.addColumn and addRow now can throw a IllegalStateException instead of a SQLException. 
changelog_1362_li=When doing an index lookup, decimal values with the same value but different scale (for example 0.00 and 0.0) where not considered equal in version 1.2.128. Now they are (unlike BigDecimal.equals()). 
changelog_1363_li=The BNF parser now uses the visitor pattern. 
changelog_1364_li=Converting a UUID to bytes was incorrect. Because of that, updatable result sets on tables with UUID primary key did not work. 
changelog_1365_li=The database URL property DATABASE_EVENT_LISTENER_OBJECT is no longer supported (there are problems passing objects when the PostgreSQL driver is installed as well). 
changelog_1366_li=H2 Console\: asynchronous login (using a DatabaseEventListener) is no longer supported. 
changelog_1367_li=A workaround for a Windows socket problem has been implemented. Thanks a lot to Sergi Vladykin. 
changelog_1368_li=The Recover tool did not convert correctly convert CLOB data with non-ASCII characters. 
changelog_1369_li=Tools\: the method run(String... args) has been renamed to runTool(String... args). 
changelog_1370_li=Server.startWebServer(Connection) was not working as expected. 
changelog_1371_li=The database URL option ACCESS_MODE_LOG is no longer supported. 
changelog_1372_li=The database URL option RECOVER has currently no effect. 
changelog_1373_li=Converting an old (non-page store) database is no longer supported using this version. 
changelog_1374_li=The following system properties are no longer supported\: h2.overflowExceptions, h2.optimizeDropDependencies, h2.optimizeGroupSorted, h2.optimizeMinMax, h2.optimizeNot, h2.optimizeIn, h2.optimizeInJoin, h2.reuseSpace*. Most of then were there for a long time, but always with the same value. There was no unit test with the other value. So changing them was potentially dangerous (not a lot, but still). 
changelog_1375_li=The setting LOG has currently no effect (it only had an effect when the page store was disabled). 
changelog_1376_li=Disabling the page store is no longer supported. The old storage mechanism has been removed, shrinking the jar file size by almost 10%. 
changelog_1377_li=The translated resources are now stored in UTF-8 format. 
changelog_1378_li=The Windows service wrapper now detects if multiple versions of H2 are installed. 
changelog_1379_h2=Version 1.2.128 (2010-01-30)
changelog_1380_li=There are known errors on rollback when the page store is disabled and at the same time MVCC is used. See http\://code.google.com/p/h2database/issues/detail?id\=158 
changelog_1381_li=The DeleteDbFiles tool deleted all files in the .lob.db directory, even files that didn't belong to the database. 
changelog_1382_li=Automatic conversion of old databases to the page store format failed if the database contained LOB files. 
changelog_1383_li=Nested subqueries didn't work for INSERT INTO and IN(..). Example\: insert into test ((select 1)); 
changelog_1384_li=If the database was already closed using SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATELY, closing a second connection could throw a NullPointerException if there was a local temporary table. 
changelog_1385_li=Less classes are loaded when using the database in embedded mode. 
changelog_1386_li=The information schema tables are only initialized when needed. This reduces memory usage and speeds up creating in-memory databases. Each in-memory database needs about 8 KB of heap memory. 
changelog_1387_li=Nested UNION/INTERSECT queries with brackets could produce the wrong result if used within a subquery. Example\: select count(*) from (select 1 union (select 2 intersect select 2)) x; 
changelog_1388_li=Comparing an column against a constant expression with a higher precision or length than the column could give wrong results (the expression was truncated before comparing). 
changelog_1389_li=Improved PostgreSQL compatibility (support SHOW DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_ISOLATION). 
changelog_1390_li=Documentation\: the javadocs for Csv.write and read used the wrong default charset. 
changelog_1391_li=MVCC\: if the table was locked in exclusive mode (such as SELECT ... FOR UPDATE), another session could query the table. This is now longer possible. 
changelog_1392_li=If a FOR UPDATE query was executed twice (using a PreparedStatement), the table was not locked. 
changelog_1393_li=Triggers\: INSTEAD OF triggers are now supported. Such triggers can be defined on views. 
changelog_1394_li=New system property h2.identifiersToUpper. If set to false, identifiers in SQL statements are case sensitive even if they are not quoted. 
changelog_1395_li=Slightly improved performance if the table is already locked. 
changelog_1396_li=CompressLZF\: faster decompression. 
changelog_1397_li=PgServer\: the wrong size was sent for VARCHAR data. Thanks again to Sergi Vladykin for the patch. 
changelog_1398_li=Serialized access mode (server-less multi-connection mode)\: fixed getGeneratedKeys() for sequences. 
changelog_1399_h2=Version 1.2.127 (2010-01-15)
changelog_1400_li=Serialized access mode (server-less multi-connection mode)\: sequences did not work as expected (there were gaps in generated values when using multiple connections). 
changelog_1401_li=Page store\: new databases can not be opened with older versions. 
changelog_1402_li=Page store\: adding data to new database is now faster. 
changelog_1403_li=File system\: getting the file name from a path is now faster. This should speed up BLOB and CLOB access. 
changelog_1404_li=PgServer\: incorrect SQL types were returned in result set meta data. Concurrently opening a database could fail (PG catalog initialization was not synchronized). Thanks a lot to Sergi Vladykin for providing the patches\! 
changelog_1405_li=SHOW COLUMNS did not work correctly if there where multiple indexes on the same columns. 
changelog_1406_li=Page store\: the wrong write count was written to the database header. This could cause the server-less multi-connection mode to fail. 
changelog_1407_li=Result sets larger than 2 GB threw an exception "Negative seek offset". Fixed. 
changelog_1408_li=If the system property h2.check was set to false, an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException could occur. 
changelog_1409_li=Alter table is now supported even if a table has views defined. (Patch from Kerry Sainsbury). 
changelog_1410_li=Fulltext search\: exceptions within the fulltext search package had the wrong SQL state. 
changelog_1411_li=The Lucene fulltext search ignored transaction rollback. Fixed using a trigger on rollback. 
changelog_1412_li=Trigger can now be called on rollback. 
changelog_1413_li=The shell script h2.sh ignored command line line arguments. 
changelog_1414_li=When running H2 in the Google AppEngine for Java, a AccessControlException could be thrown when trying to open a read-only database. Fixed. 
changelog_1415_li=The user home directory prefix (~) is now only expanded when followed by a slash or backslash, or standing alone. 
changelog_1416_li=Native fulltext search\: before inserting or deleting data, FT_INIT() had to be called. This is no longer required. 
changelog_1417_li=The .trace.db file is now only created if required. 
changelog_1418_li=Shell tool\: improved PostgreSQL compatibility. 
changelog_1419_li=Trying to open a database in read-only mode when a .lock.db file exists will now fail with a nice error message. 
changelog_1420_li=H2 Console\: data that is too long is now abbreviated as follows\: text... (100000 characters). A large binary is abbreviated as follows\: abcdef... (100000 bytes). 
changelog_1421_li=Faster data conversion from BIGINT or INT to DECIMAL. 
changelog_1422_li=Server-less multi-connection mode\: try to delete log files if switching between read/write operations. 
changelog_1423_li=CompressLZF\: Faster decompress and improved javadocs 
changelog_1424_h2=Version 1.2.126 (2009-12-18)
changelog_1425_li=The ChangeFileEncryption tool will now fail with an exception if the database is still in use. The Backup tool will also fail except when running in quiet mode. 
changelog_1426_li=CSVREAD\: when reading the column names from the CSV file, column names that contain no special characters are considered case insensitive now. 
changelog_1427_li=Optimization index conditions of the form 'column\=NULL' (which is always false; unlike 'column IS NULL'). 
changelog_1428_li=Script command and tool\: the primary key constraint is now listed before inserting the data. This will result in a smaller database when using the page store. 
changelog_1429_li=Statements with IN(SELECT..) conditions could produce the wrong result. Example\: index on id, name; query\: select * from test where id between 1 and 3 and name in (select 'World'). 
changelog_1430_li=Statements with IN(..) conditions could produce the wrong result when using views or nested select statements. Example\: index on id; index on name; query\: select * from (select * from test) where id\=1 and name in('a', 'b'). select * from (select * from test) where id\=1 and name in('Hello', 'World'). 
changelog_1431_li=Page store\: a rollback of a relatively large transaction could fail with an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException or a 'row not found' exception in the PageBtreeIndex in some cases. 
changelog_1432_li=JaQu\: the decompiler has been improved, and a few test cases already work. It is still incomplete however. 
changelog_1433_li=LIKE\: any letter is now allowed after the escape character (which is still '\\' by default). Previously, an exception was thrown (unlike other databases) if it was not the escape character, '_' or '%'. If the escape character appears at the end of the pattern, the result is it is ignored (like PostgreSQL and MS SQL Server). 
changelog_1434_li=The reserve heap memory is no longer used. 
changelog_1435_li=Database.checkpoint() could throw a NullPointerException. 
changelog_1436_h2=Version 1.2.125 (2009-12-06)
changelog_1437_li=Lucene fulltext search\: the Lucene field names now match the table column names, except if the column names start with _ (in which case another _ is prepended). Unfortunately this change means existing fulltext indexes need to be re-built. 
changelog_1438_li=The shell tool now has a very simple statement history. 
changelog_1439_li=The zip file system implementation now supports the '~' home directory prefix. Example database URL\: jdbc\:h2\:zip\:~/test.zip\!/test 
changelog_1440_li=Right outer joins on tables that were already 'inner joined' was processed incorrectly. 
changelog_1441_li=Temporary files from LOB objects were not deleted early enough when using the server mode. 
changelog_1442_li=Trying to alter a temporary table threw a strange exception. It is still not possible to do that, but the exception message is better now. 
changelog_1443_li=When the system property h2.maxMemoryRowsDistinct was set, and using SELECT DISTINCT, the temporary table was not correctly dropped. This could cause problems in recovery when the process was killed. 
changelog_1444_li=Trigger that are called before a select statement are now supported. This allows to create tables that work like materialized views. 
changelog_1445_li=Non-row based triggers were called even if the action didn't match the declared action (INSERT triggers were also called when deleting rows). This has been changed. The MERGE statement calls both INSERT and DELETE triggers. 
changelog_1446_li=Statements with IN(..) conditions could produce the wrong result or a data conversion error (since version 1.2.120). Examples\: index on id, name, condition\: id\=1 and name in('Hello', 'x'); index on id, query\: select * from (select * from test) where id\=1 and name in('Hello', 'World'). 
changelog_1447_li=The CompressTool was not multithreading safe. Because of this, the following database operations where also not multithreading safe (even when using different databases)\: the SCRIPT command (only when using compression), the COMPRESS function, and storing CLOB or BLOB data (only when compression is enabled). 
changelog_1448_li=The compression algorithm "LZF" is now about 33% faster than before when compressing small block (around 2 KB). It is much faster than Deflate, but the compression ratio is lower. Some of the optimizations are from Sam Van Oort, thanks a lot\! 
changelog_1449_li=Compressing large blocks of data didn't work when using the "Deflate" compression algorithm. Compressing a lot of data could run out of heap memory. 
changelog_1450_li=The test cases don't access the file system directly, this simplifies GAE for Java testing. Thanks to Vince Bonfanti. 
changelog_1451_li=More bugs in the server-less multi-connection mode have been fixed. 
changelog_1452_li=When running against an old database, the SCRIPT statement could generate a SQL script that contained duplicate indexes (PRIMARY_KEY_E). 
changelog_1453_li=JdbcConnectionPool.getConnection() could throw a NullPointerException. 
changelog_1454_li=User defined functions\: the source code is now available using SELECT SOURCE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FUNCTION_ALIASES. 
changelog_1455_li=User defined functions with source code didn't work after re-opening the database. 
changelog_1456_li=The newsfeeds are now Atom 1.0 standard compliant. 
changelog_1457_li=The database is now closed after an out of memory exception, because the database could get corrupt otherwise. 
changelog_1458_li=Better error message if both AUTO_SERVER and SERIALIZED parameters are set to TRUE. 
changelog_1459_li=Drop table did not delete lob files in old file store (not PAGE_STORE). 
cheatSheet_1000_h1=H2 Database Engine Cheat Sheet
cheatSheet_1001_h2=Using H2
cheatSheet_1002_a=H2
cheatSheet_1003_li=\ is <a href\="http\://code.google.com/p/h2database/source">open source</a>, <a href\="license.html">free to use and distribute</a>. 
cheatSheet_1004_a=Download
cheatSheet_1005_li=\: <a href\="http\://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/h2database/h2/1.3.148/h2-1.3.148.jar" class\="link">jar</a>, <a href\="http\://www.h2database.com/h2-setup-2010-12-12.exe" class\="link">installer (Windows)</a>, <a href\="http\://www.h2database.com/h2-2010-12-12.zip" class\="link">zip</a>. 
cheatSheet_1006_li=To start the <a href\="quickstart.html\#h2_console">H2 Console tool</a>, double click the jar file, or run <code>java -jar h2*.jar</code>, <code>h2.bat</code>, or <code>h2.sh</code>. 
cheatSheet_1007_a=A new database is automatically created
cheatSheet_1008_a=by default
cheatSheet_1009_li=. 
cheatSheet_1010_a=Closing the last connection closes the database
cheatSheet_1011_li=. 
cheatSheet_1012_h2=Documentation
cheatSheet_1013_p=\ Reference\: <a href\="grammar.html" class\="link">SQL grammar</a>, <a href\="functions.html" class\="link">functions</a>, <a href\="datatypes.html" class\="link">data types</a>, <a href\="tutorial.html\#command_line_tools" class\="link">tools</a>, <a href\="../javadoc/index.html" class\="link">API</a> 
cheatSheet_1014_a=Features
cheatSheet_1015_p=\: <a href\="tutorial.html\#fulltext" class\="link">fulltext search</a>, <a href\="features.html\#file_encryption" class\="link">encryption</a>, <a href\="features.html\#read_only" class\="link">read-only</a> <a href\="features.html\#database_in_zip" class\="link">(zip/jar)</a>, <a href\="tutorial.html\#csv" class\="link">CSV</a>, <a href\="features.html\#auto_reconnect" class\="link">auto-reconnect</a>, <a href\="features.html\#triggers" class\="link">triggers</a>, <a href\="features.html\#user_defined_functions" class\="link">user functions</a> 
cheatSheet_1016_a=Database URLs
cheatSheet_1017_a=Embedded
cheatSheet_1018_code=jdbc\:h2\:~/test
cheatSheet_1019_p=\ 'test' in the user home directory
cheatSheet_1020_code=jdbc\:h2\:/data/test
cheatSheet_1021_p=\ 'test' in the directory /data
cheatSheet_1022_code=jdbc\:h2\:test
cheatSheet_1023_p=\ in the current(\!) working directory
cheatSheet_1024_a=In-Memory
cheatSheet_1025_code=jdbc\:h2\:mem\:test
cheatSheet_1026_p=\ multiple connections in one process
cheatSheet_1027_code=jdbc\:h2\:mem\:
cheatSheet_1028_p=\ unnamed private; one connection
cheatSheet_1029_a=Server Mode
cheatSheet_1030_code=jdbc\:h2\:tcp\://localhost/~/test
cheatSheet_1031_p=\ user home dir
cheatSheet_1032_code=jdbc\:h2\:tcp\://localhost//data/test
cheatSheet_1033_p=\ absolute dir
cheatSheet_1034_a=Server start
cheatSheet_1035_p=\:<code>java -cp *.jar org.h2.tools.Server</code> 
cheatSheet_1036_a=Settings
cheatSheet_1037_code=jdbc\:h2\:..;MODE\=MySQL
cheatSheet_1038_a=compatibility (or HSQLDB,...)
cheatSheet_1039_code=jdbc\:h2\:..;TRACE_LEVEL_FILE\=3
cheatSheet_1040_a=log to *.trace.db
cheatSheet_1041_a=Using the JDBC API
cheatSheet_1042_a=Connection Pool
cheatSheet_1043_a=Maven 2
cheatSheet_1044_a=Hibernate
cheatSheet_1045_p=\ hibernate.cfg.xml (or use the HSQLDialect)\: 
cheatSheet_1046_a=TopLink and Glassfish
cheatSheet_1047_p=\ Datasource class\: <code>org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource</code>
cheatSheet_1048_code=oracle.toplink.essentials.platform.
cheatSheet_1049_code=database.H2Platform
download_1000_h1=Downloads
download_1001_h3=Version 1.3.148 (2010-12-12), Beta
download_1002_a=Windows Installer
download_1003_a=Platform-Independent Zip
download_1004_h3=Version 1.2.147 (2010-11-21), Last Stable
download_1005_a=Windows Installer
download_1006_a=Platform-Independent Zip
download_1007_h3=Download Mirror and Older Versions
download_1008_a=Platform-Independent Zip
download_1009_h3=Jar File
download_1010_a=Maven.org
download_1011_a=Sourceforge.net
download_1012_a=Latest Automated Build (not released)
download_1013_h3=Database Upgrade Helper Files
download_1014_a=Upgrade database from 1.1 to the current version
download_1015_h3=Subversion Source Repository
download_1016_a=Google Code
download_1017_p=\ For details about changes, see the <a href\="changelog.html">Change Log</a>. 
download_1018_h3=News and Project Information
download_1019_a=Atom Feed
download_1020_a=RSS Feed
download_1021_a=DOAP File
download_1022_p=\ (<a href\="http\://trac.usefulinc.com/doap">what is this</a>) 
faq_1000_h1=Frequently Asked Questions
faq_1001_a=\ I Have a Problem or Feature Request
faq_1002_a=\ Are there Known Bugs? When is the Next Release?
faq_1003_a=\ Is this Database Engine Open Source?
faq_1004_a=\ How to Create a New Database?
faq_1005_a=\ How to Connect to a Database?
faq_1006_a=\ Where are the Database Files Stored?
faq_1007_a=\ What is the Size Limit (Maximum Size) of a Database?
faq_1008_a=\ Is it Reliable?
faq_1009_a=\ Why is Opening my Database Slow?
faq_1010_a=\ My Query is Slow
faq_1011_a=\ H2 is Very Slow
faq_1012_a=\ Column Names are Incorrect?
faq_1013_a=\ Float is Double?
faq_1014_a=\ Is the GCJ Version Stable? Faster?
faq_1015_a=\ How to Translate this Project?
faq_1016_a=\ How to Contribute to this Project?
faq_1017_h3=I Have a Problem or Feature Request
faq_1018_p=\ Please read the <a href\="build.html\#support">support checklist</a>. 
faq_1019_h3=Are there Known Bugs? When is the Next Release?
faq_1020_p=\ Usually, bugs get fixes as they are found. There is a release every few weeks. Here is the list of known and confirmed issues\: 
faq_1021_li=Apache Harmony\: there seems to be a bug in Harmony that affects H2. See <a href\="https\://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HARMONY-6505">HARMONY-6505</a>. 
faq_1022_li=Tomcat and Glassfish 3 set most static fields (final or non-final) to <code>null</code> when unloading a web application. This can cause a <code>NullPointerException</code> in H2 versions 1.1.107 and older, and may still not work in newer versions. Please report it if you run into this issue. In Tomcat &gt;\= 6.0 this behavior can be disabled by setting the system property <code>org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.ENABLE_CLEAR_REFERENCES\=false</code>, however Tomcat may then run out of memory. A known workaround is to put the <code>h2*.jar</code> file in a shared <code>lib</code> directory (<code>common/lib</code>). 
faq_1023_li=Some problems have been found with right outer join. Internally, it is converted to left outer join, which does not always produce the same results as other databases when used in combination with other joins. 
faq_1024_li=When using Install4j before 4.1.4 on Linux and enabling <code>pack200</code>, the <code>h2*.jar</code> becomes corrupted by the install process, causing application failure. A workaround is to add an empty file <code>h2*.jar.nopack</code> next to the <code>h2*.jar</code> file. This problem is solved in Install4j 4.1.4. 
faq_1025_p=\ For a complete list, see <a href\="http\://code.google.com/p/h2database/issues/list">Open Issues</a>. 
faq_1026_h3=Is this Database Engine Open Source?
faq_1027_p=\ Yes. It is free to use and distribute, and the source code is included. See also under license. 
faq_1028_h3=How to Create a New Database?
faq_1029_p=\ By default, a new database is automatically created if it does not yet exist. See <a href\="tutorial.html\#creating_new_databases">Creating New Databases</a>. 
faq_1030_h3=How to Connect to a Database?
faq_1031_p=\ The database driver is <code>org.h2.Driver</code>, and the database URL starts with <code>jdbc\:h2\:</code>. To connect to a database using JDBC, use the following code\: 
faq_1032_h3=Where are the Database Files Stored?
faq_1033_p=\ When using database URLs like <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test</code>, the database is stored in the user directory. For Windows, this is usually <code>C\:\\Documents and Settings\\&lt;userName&gt;</code>. If the base directory is not set (as in <code>jdbc\:h2\:test</code>), the database files are stored in the directory where the application is started (the current working directory). When using the H2 Console application from the start menu, this is <code>&lt;Installation Directory&gt;/bin</code>. The base directory can be set in the database URL. A fixed or relative path can be used. When using the URL <code>jdbc\:h2\:file\:data/sample</code>, the database is stored in the directory <code>data</code> (relative to the current working directory). The directory is created automatically if it does not yet exist. It is also possible to use the fully qualified directory name (and for Windows, drive name). Example\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:file\:C\:/data/test</code> 
faq_1034_h3=What is the Size Limit (Maximum Size) of a Database?
faq_1035_p=\ See <a href\="advanced.html\#limits_limitations">Limits and Limitations</a>. 
faq_1036_h3=Is it Reliable?
faq_1037_p=\ That is not easy to say. It is still a quite new product. A lot of tests have been written, and the code coverage of these tests is very high. Randomized stress tests are run regularly. But there are probably still bugs that have not yet been found (as with most software). Some features are known to be dangerous, they are only supported for situations where performance is more important than reliability. Those dangerous features are\: 
faq_1038_li=Disabling the transaction log or FileDescriptor.sync() using LOG\=0 or LOG\=1. 
faq_1039_li=Using the transaction isolation level <code>READ_UNCOMMITTED</code> (<code>LOCK_MODE 0</code>) while at the same time using multiple connections. 
faq_1040_li=Disabling database file protection using (setting <code>FILE_LOCK</code> to <code>NO</code> in the database URL). 
faq_1041_li=Disabling referential integrity using <code>SET REFERENTIAL_INTEGRITY FALSE</code>. 
faq_1042_p=\ In addition to that, running out of memory should be avoided. In older versions, OutOfMemory errors while using the database could corrupt a databases. 
faq_1043_p=\ This database is well tested using automated test cases. The tests run every night and run for more than one hour. But not all areas of this database are equally well tested. When using one of the following features for production, please ensure your use case is well tested (if possible with automated test cases). The areas that are not well tested are\: 
faq_1044_li=Platforms other than Windows XP, Linux, Mac OS X, or JVMs other than Sun 1.5 or 1.6 
faq_1045_li=The features <code>AUTO_SERVER</code> and <code>AUTO_RECONNECT</code> 
faq_1046_li=The file locking method 'Serialized' 
faq_1047_li=Cluster mode, 2-phase commit, savepoints 
faq_1048_li=24/7 operation 
faq_1049_li=Fulltext search 
faq_1050_li=Operations on LOBs over 2 GB 
faq_1051_li=Some operations on databases larger than 500 MB may be slower than expected 
faq_1052_li=The optimizer may not always select the best plan 
faq_1053_p=\ Areas considered experimental are\: 
faq_1054_li=The PostgreSQL server 
faq_1055_li=Multi-threading within the engine using <code>SET MULTI_THREADED\=1</code> 
faq_1056_li=Compatibility modes for other databases (only some features are implemented) 
faq_1057_li=The soft reference cache (<code>CACHE_TYPE\=SOFT_LRU</code>). It might not improve performance, and out of memory issues have been reported. 
faq_1058_p=\ Some users have reported that after a power failure, the database cannot be opened sometimes. In this case, use a backup of the database or the Recover tool. Please report such problems. The plan is that the database automatically recovers in all situations. 
faq_1059_h3=Why is Opening my Database Slow?
faq_1060_p=\ To find out what the problem is, use the H2 Console and click on "Test Connection" instead of "Login". After the "Login Successful" appears, click on it (it's a link). This will list the top stack traces. Then either analyze this yourself, or post those stack traces in the Google Group. 
faq_1061_p=\ Other possible reasons are\: the database is very big (many GB), or contains linked tables that are slow to open. 
faq_1062_h3=My Query is Slow
faq_1063_p=\ Slow <code>SELECT</code> (or <code>DELETE, UPDATE, MERGE</code>) statement can have multiple reasons. Follow this checklist\: 
faq_1064_li=Run <code>ANALYZE</code> (see documentation for details). 
faq_1065_li=Run the query with <code>EXPLAIN</code> and check if indexes are used (see documentation for details). 
faq_1066_li=If required, create additional indexes and try again using <code>ANALYZE</code> and <code>EXPLAIN</code>. 
faq_1067_li=If it doesn't help please report the problem. 
faq_1068_h3=H2 is Very Slow
faq_1069_p=\ By default, H2 closes the database when the last connection is closed. If your application closes the only connection after each operation, the database is opened and closed a lot, which is quite slow. There are multiple ways to solve this problem, see <a href\="performance.html\#database_performance_tuning">Database Performance Tuning</a>. 
faq_1070_h3=Column Names are Incorrect?
faq_1071_p=\ For the query <code>SELECT ID AS X FROM TEST</code> the method <code>ResultSetMetaData.getColumnName()</code> returns <code>ID</code>, I expect it to return <code>X</code>. What's wrong? 
faq_1072_p=\ This is not a bug. According the the JDBC specification, the method <code>ResultSetMetaData.getColumnName()</code> should return the name of the column and not the alias name. If you need the alias name, use <a href\="http\://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/sql/ResultSetMetaData.html\#getColumnLabel(int)"><code>ResultSetMetaData.getColumnLabel()</code></a>. Some other database don't work like this yet (they don't follow the JDBC specification). If you need compatibility with those databases, use the <a href\="features.html\#compatibility">Compatibility Mode</a>, or append <a href\="../javadoc/org/h2/constant/DbSettings.html\#ALIAS_COLUMN_NAME"><code>;ALIAS_COLUMN_NAME\=TRUE</code></a> to the database URL. 
faq_1073_p=\ This also applies to DatabaseMetaData calls that return a result set. The columns in the JDBC API are column labels, not column names. 
faq_1074_h3=Float is Double?
faq_1075_p=\ For a table defined as <code>CREATE TABLE TEST(X FLOAT)</code> the method <code>ResultSet.getObject()</code> returns a <code>java.lang.Double</code>, I expect it to return a <code>java.lang.Float</code>. What's wrong? 
faq_1076_p=\ This is not a bug. According the the JDBC specification, the JDBC data type <code>FLOAT</code> is equivalent to <code>DOUBLE</code>, and both are mapped to <code>java.lang.Double</code>. See also <a href\="http\://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/jdbc/getstart/mapping.html\#1055162"> Mapping SQL and Java Types - 8.3.10 FLOAT</a>.
faq_1077_h3=Is the GCJ Version Stable? Faster?
faq_1078_p=\ The GCJ version is not as stable as the Java version. When running the regression test with the GCJ version, sometimes the application just stops at what seems to be a random point without error message. Currently, the GCJ version is also slower than when using the Sun VM. However, the startup of the GCJ version is faster than when using a VM. 
faq_1079_h3=How to Translate this Project?
faq_1080_p=\ For more information, see <a href\="build.html\#translating">Build/Translating</a>. 
faq_1081_h3=How to Contribute to this Project?
faq_1082_p=\ There are various way to help develop an open source project like H2. The first step could be to <a href\="build.html\#translating">translate</a> the error messages and the GUI to your native language. Then, you could <a href\="build.html\#providing_patches">provide patches</a>. Please start with small patches. That could be adding a test case to improve the <a href\="build.html\#automated">code coverage</a> (the target code coverage for this project is 90%, higher is better). You will have to <a href\="build.html">develop, build and run the tests</a>. Once you are familiar with the code, you could implement missing features from the <a href\="roadmap.html">feature request list</a>. I suggest to start with very small features that are easy to implement. Keep in mind to provide test cases as well. 
features_1000_h1=Features
features_1001_a=\ Feature List
features_1002_a=\ Comparison to Other Database Engines
features_1003_a=\ H2 in Use
features_1004_a=\ Connection Modes
features_1005_a=\ Database URL Overview
features_1006_a=\ Connecting to an Embedded (Local) Database
features_1007_a=\ In-Memory Databases
features_1008_a=\ Database Files Encryption
features_1009_a=\ Database File Locking
features_1010_a=\ Opening a Database Only if it Already Exists
features_1011_a=\ Closing a Database
features_1012_a=\ Ignore Unknown Settings
features_1013_a=\ Changing Other Settings when Opening a Connection
features_1014_a=\ Custom File Access Mode
features_1015_a=\ Multiple Connections
features_1016_a=\ Database File Layout
features_1017_a=\ Logging and Recovery
features_1018_a=\ Compatibility
features_1019_a=\ Auto-Reconnect
features_1020_a=\ Automatic Mixed Mode
features_1021_a=\ Page Size
features_1022_a=\ Using the Trace Options
features_1023_a=\ Using Other Logging APIs
features_1024_a=\ Read Only Databases
features_1025_a=\ Read Only Databases in Zip or Jar File
features_1026_a=\ Graceful Handling of Low Disk Space Situations
features_1027_a=\ Computed Columns / Function Based Index
features_1028_a=\ Multi-Dimensional Indexes
features_1029_a=\ User-Defined Functions and Stored Procedures
features_1030_a=\ Triggers
features_1031_a=\ Compacting a Database
features_1032_a=\ Cache Settings
features_1033_h2=Feature List
features_1034_h3=Main Features
features_1035_li=Very fast database engine 
features_1036_li=Open source 
features_1037_li=Written in Java 
features_1038_li=Supports standard SQL, JDBC API 
features_1039_li=Embedded and Server mode, Clustering support 
features_1040_li=Strong security features 
features_1041_li=The PostgreSQL ODBC driver can be used 
features_1042_li=Multi version concurrency 
features_1043_h3=Additional Features
features_1044_li=Disk based or in-memory databases and tables, read-only database support, temporary tables 
features_1045_li=Transaction support (read committed and serializable transaction isolation), 2-phase-commit 
features_1046_li=Multiple connections, table level locking 
features_1047_li=Cost based optimizer, using a genetic algorithm for complex queries, zero-administration 
features_1048_li=Scrollable and updatable result set support, large result set, external result sorting, functions can return a result set 
features_1049_li=Encrypted database (AES or XTEA), SHA-256 password encryption, encryption functions, SSL 
features_1050_h3=SQL Support
features_1051_li=Support for multiple schemas, information schema 
features_1052_li=Referential integrity / foreign key constraints with cascade, check constraints 
features_1053_li=Inner and outer joins, subqueries, read only views and inline views 
features_1054_li=Triggers and Java functions / stored procedures 
features_1055_li=Many built-in functions, including XML and lossless data compression 
features_1056_li=Wide range of data types including large objects (BLOB/CLOB) and arrays 
features_1057_li=Sequence and autoincrement columns, computed columns (can be used for function based indexes) 
features_1058_code=ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING, UNION, LIMIT, TOP
features_1059_li=Collation support, users, roles 
features_1060_li=Compatibility modes for IBM DB2, Apache Derby, HSQLDB, MS SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL. 
features_1061_h3=Security Features
features_1062_li=Includes a solution for the SQL injection problem 
features_1063_li=User password authentication uses SHA-256 and salt 
features_1064_li=For server mode connections, user passwords are never transmitted in plain text over the network (even when using insecure connections; this only applies to the TCP server and not to the H2 Console however; it also doesn't apply if you set the password in the database URL) 
features_1065_li=All database files (including script files that can be used to backup data) can be encrypted using AES-128 and XTEA encryption algorithms 
features_1066_li=The remote JDBC driver supports TCP/IP connections over SSL/TLS 
features_1067_li=The built-in web server supports connections over SSL/TLS 
features_1068_li=Passwords can be sent to the database using char arrays instead of Strings 
features_1069_h3=Other Features and Tools
features_1070_li=Small footprint (smaller than 1 MB), low memory requirements 
features_1071_li=Multiple index types (b-tree, tree, hash) 
features_1072_li=Support for multi-dimensional indexes 
features_1073_li=CSV (comma separated values) file support 
features_1074_li=Support for linked tables, and a built-in virtual 'range' table 
features_1075_code=EXPLAIN PLAN
features_1076_li=\ support, sophisticated trace options 
features_1077_li=Database closing can be delayed or disabled to improve the performance 
features_1078_li=Web-based Console application (translated to many languages) with autocomplete 
features_1079_li=The database can generate SQL script files 
features_1080_li=Contains a recovery tool that can dump the contents of the database 
features_1081_li=Support for variables (for example to calculate running totals) 
features_1082_li=Automatic re-compilation of prepared statements 
features_1083_li=Uses a small number of database files 
features_1084_li=Uses a checksum for each record and log entry for data integrity 
features_1085_li=Well tested (high code coverage, randomized stress tests) 
features_1086_h2=Comparison to Other Database Engines
features_1087_th=Feature
features_1088_th=H2
features_1089_a=Derby
features_1090_a=HSQLDB
features_1091_a=MySQL
features_1092_a=PostgreSQL
features_1093_td=Pure Java
features_1094_td=Yes
features_1095_td=Yes
features_1096_td=Yes
features_1097_td=No
features_1098_td=No
features_1099_td=Embedded Mode (Java)
features_1100_td=Yes
features_1101_td=Yes
features_1102_td=Yes
features_1103_td=No
features_1104_td=No
features_1105_td=Performance (Embedded)
features_1106_td=Fast
features_1107_td=Slow
features_1108_td=Fast
features_1109_td=N/A
features_1110_td=N/A
features_1111_td=In-Memory Mode
features_1112_td=Yes
features_1113_td=Yes
features_1114_td=Yes
features_1115_td=No
features_1116_td=No
features_1117_td=Explain Plan
features_1118_td=Yes
features_1119_td=No
features_1120_td=Yes
features_1121_td=Yes
features_1122_td=Yes
features_1123_td=Built-in Clustering / Replication
features_1124_td=Yes
features_1125_td=Yes
features_1126_td=No
features_1127_td=Yes
features_1128_td=Yes
features_1129_td=Encrypted Database
features_1130_td=Yes
features_1131_td=Yes *10
features_1132_td=Yes *10
features_1133_td=No
features_1134_td=No
features_1135_td=Linked Tables
features_1136_td=Yes
features_1137_td=No
features_1138_td=Partially *1
features_1139_td=Partially *2
features_1140_td=No
features_1141_td=ODBC Driver
features_1142_td=Yes
features_1143_td=No
features_1144_td=No
features_1145_td=Yes
features_1146_td=Yes
features_1147_td=Fulltext Search
features_1148_td=Yes
features_1149_td=No
features_1150_td=No
features_1151_td=Yes
features_1152_td=Yes
features_1153_td=User-Defined Datatypes
features_1154_td=Yes
features_1155_td=No
features_1156_td=Yes
features_1157_td=Yes
features_1158_td=Yes
features_1159_td=Files per Database
features_1160_td=Few
features_1161_td=Many
features_1162_td=Few
features_1163_td=Many
features_1164_td=Many
features_1165_td=Row Level Locking
features_1166_td=Yes *9
features_1167_td=Yes
features_1168_td=Yes *9
features_1169_td=Yes
features_1170_td=Yes
features_1171_td=Multi Version Concurrency
features_1172_td=Yes
features_1173_td=No
features_1174_td=Yes
features_1175_td=Yes
features_1176_td=Yes
features_1177_td=Multi-Threaded Statement Processing
features_1178_td=No *11
features_1179_td=Yes
features_1180_td=Yes
features_1181_td=Yes
features_1182_td=Yes
features_1183_td=Role Based Security
features_1184_td=Yes
features_1185_td=Yes *3
features_1186_td=Yes
features_1187_td=Yes
features_1188_td=Yes
features_1189_td=Updatable Result Sets
features_1190_td=Yes
features_1191_td=Yes *7
features_1192_td=Yes
features_1193_td=Yes
features_1194_td=Yes
features_1195_td=Sequences
features_1196_td=Yes
features_1197_td=No
features_1198_td=Yes
features_1199_td=No
features_1200_td=Yes
features_1201_td=Limit and Offset
features_1202_td=Yes
features_1203_td=No
features_1204_td=Yes
features_1205_td=Yes
features_1206_td=Yes
features_1207_td=Temporary Tables
features_1208_td=Yes
features_1209_td=Yes *4
features_1210_td=Yes
features_1211_td=Yes
features_1212_td=Yes
features_1213_td=Information Schema
features_1214_td=Yes
features_1215_td=No *8
features_1216_td=Yes
features_1217_td=Yes
features_1218_td=Yes
features_1219_td=Computed Columns
features_1220_td=Yes
features_1221_td=Yes
features_1222_td=Yes
features_1223_td=No
features_1224_td=Yes *6
features_1225_td=Case Insensitive Columns
features_1226_td=Yes
features_1227_td=No
features_1228_td=Yes
features_1229_td=Yes
features_1230_td=Yes *6
features_1231_td=Custom Aggregate Functions
features_1232_td=Yes
features_1233_td=No
features_1234_td=Yes
features_1235_td=Yes
features_1236_td=Yes
features_1237_td=Footprint (jar/dll size)
features_1238_td=~1 MB *5
features_1239_td=~2 MB
features_1240_td=~1 MB
features_1241_td=~4 MB
features_1242_td=~6 MB
features_1243_p=\ *1 HSQLDB supports text tables.
features_1244_p=\ *2 MySQL supports linked MySQL tables under the name 'federated tables'.
features_1245_p=\ *3 Derby support for roles based security and password checking as an option.
features_1246_p=\ *4 Derby only supports global temporary tables.
features_1247_p=\ *5 The default H2 jar file contains debug information, jar files for other databases do not.
features_1248_p=\ *6 PostgreSQL supports functional indexes.
features_1249_p=\ *7 Derby only supports updatable result sets if the query is not sorted.
features_1250_p=\ *8 Derby doesn't support standard compliant information schema tables.
features_1251_p=\ *9 When using MVCC (multi version concurrency).
features_1252_p=\ *10 Derby and HSQLDB <a href\="http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation\#Electronic_codebook_.28ECB.29">don't hide hide data patterns well</a>.
features_1253_p=\ *11 The MULTI_THREADED option is not enabled by default, and not yet supported when using MVCC. 
features_1254_h3=DaffodilDb and One$Db
features_1255_p=\ It looks like the development of this database has stopped. The last release was February 2006. 
features_1256_h3=McKoi
features_1257_p=\ It looks like the development of this database has stopped. The last release was August 2004. 
features_1258_h2=H2 in Use
features_1259_p=\ For a list of applications that work with or use H2, see\: <a href\="links.html">Links</a>. 
features_1260_h2=Connection Modes
features_1261_p=\ The following connection modes are supported\: 
features_1262_li=Embedded mode (local connections using JDBC) 
features_1263_li=Server mode (remote connections using JDBC or ODBC over TCP/IP) 
features_1264_li=Mixed mode (local and remote connections at the same time) 
features_1265_h3=Embedded Mode
features_1266_p=\ In embedded mode, an application opens a database from within the same JVM using JDBC. This is the fastest and easiest connection mode. The disadvantage is that a database may only be open in one virtual machine (and class loader) at any time. As in all modes, both persistent and in-memory databases are supported. There is no limit on the number of database open concurrently, or on the number of open connections. 
features_1267_h3=Server Mode
features_1268_p=\ When using the server mode (sometimes called remote mode or client/server mode), an application opens a database remotely using the JDBC or ODBC API. A server needs to be started within the same or another virtual machine, or on another computer. Many applications can connect to the same database at the same time, by connecting to this server. Internally, the server process opens the database(s) in embedded mode. 
features_1269_p=\ The server mode is slower than the embedded mode, because all data is transferred over TCP/IP. As in all modes, both persistent and in-memory databases are supported. There is no limit on the number of database open concurrently per server, or on the number of open connections. 
features_1270_h3=Mixed Mode
features_1271_p=\ The mixed mode is a combination of the embedded and the server mode. The first application that connects to a database does that in embedded mode, but also starts a server so that other applications (running in different processes or virtual machines) can concurrently access the same data. The local connections are as fast as if the database is used in just the embedded mode, while the remote connections are a bit slower. 
features_1272_p=\ The server can be started and stopped from within the application (using the server API), or automatically (automatic mixed mode). When using the <a href\="\#auto_mixed_mode">automatic mixed mode</a>, all clients that want to connect to the database (no matter if it's an local or remote connection) can do so using the exact same database URL. 
features_1273_h2=Database URL Overview
features_1274_p=\ This database supports multiple connection modes and connection settings. This is achieved using different database URLs. Settings in the URLs are not case sensitive. 
features_1275_th=Topic
features_1276_th=URL Format and Examples
features_1277_a=Embedded (local) connection
features_1278_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:[file\:][&lt;path&gt;]&lt;databaseName&gt;
features_1279_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:~/test
features_1280_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:file\:/data/sample
features_1281_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:file\:C\:/data/sample (Windows only)
features_1282_a=In-memory (private)
features_1283_td=jdbc\:h2\:mem\:
features_1284_a=In-memory (named)
features_1285_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:mem\:&lt;databaseName&gt;
features_1286_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:mem\:test_mem 
features_1287_a=Server mode (remote connections)
features_1288_a=\ using TCP/IP
features_1289_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:tcp\://&lt;server&gt;[\:&lt;port&gt;]/[&lt;path&gt;]&lt;databaseName&gt;
features_1290_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:tcp\://localhost/~/test
features_1291_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:tcp\://dbserv\:8084/~/sample jdbc\:h2\:tcp\://localhost/mem\:test
features_1292_a=Server mode (remote connections)
features_1293_a=\ using SSL/TLS
features_1294_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:ssl\://&lt;server&gt;[\:&lt;port&gt;]/&lt;databaseName&gt;
features_1295_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:ssl\://secureserv\:8085/~/sample; 
features_1296_a=Using encrypted files
features_1297_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:&lt;url&gt;;CIPHER\=[AES|XTEA]
features_1298_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:ssl\://secureserv/~/testdb;CIPHER\=AES
features_1299_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:file\:~/secure;CIPHER\=XTEA
features_1300_a=File locking methods
features_1301_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:&lt;url&gt;;FILE_LOCK\={FILE|SOCKET|NO}
features_1302_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:file\:~/private;CIPHER\=XTEA;FILE_LOCK\=SOCKET
features_1303_a=Only open if it already exists
features_1304_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:&lt;url&gt;;IFEXISTS\=TRUE
features_1305_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:file\:~/sample;IFEXISTS\=TRUE
features_1306_a=Don't close the database when the VM exits
features_1307_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:&lt;url&gt;;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT\=FALSE 
features_1308_a=Execute SQL on connection
features_1309_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:&lt;url&gt;;INIT\=RUNSCRIPT FROM '~/create.sql'
features_1310_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:file\:~/sample;INIT\=RUNSCRIPT FROM '~/create.sql'\\\\;RUNSCRIPT FROM '~/populate.sql'
features_1311_a=User name and/or password
features_1312_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:&lt;url&gt;[;USER\=&lt;username&gt;][;PASSWORD\=&lt;value&gt;]
features_1313_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:file\:~/sample;USER\=sa;PASSWORD\=123
features_1314_a=Debug trace settings
features_1315_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:&lt;url&gt;;TRACE_LEVEL_FILE\=&lt;level 0..3&gt;
features_1316_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:file\:~/sample;TRACE_LEVEL_FILE\=3
features_1317_a=Ignore unknown settings
features_1318_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:&lt;url&gt;;IGNORE_UNKNOWN_SETTINGS\=TRUE
features_1319_a=Custom file access mode
features_1320_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:&lt;url&gt;;ACCESS_MODE_DATA\=rws
features_1321_a=Database in a zip file
features_1322_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:zip\:&lt;zipFileName&gt;\!/&lt;databaseName&gt;
features_1323_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:zip\:~/db.zip\!/test 
features_1324_a=Compatibility mode
features_1325_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:&lt;url&gt;;MODE\=&lt;databaseType&gt;
features_1326_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:~/test;MODE\=MYSQL 
features_1327_a=Auto-reconnect
features_1328_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:&lt;url&gt;;AUTO_RECONNECT\=TRUE
features_1329_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:tcp\://localhost/~/test;AUTO_RECONNECT\=TRUE 
features_1330_a=Automatic mixed mode
features_1331_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:&lt;url&gt;;AUTO_SERVER\=TRUE
features_1332_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:~/test;AUTO_SERVER\=TRUE 
features_1333_a=Page size
features_1334_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:&lt;url&gt;;PAGE_SIZE\=512
features_1335_a=Changing other settings
features_1336_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:&lt;url&gt;;&lt;setting&gt;\=&lt;value&gt;[;&lt;setting&gt;\=&lt;value&gt;...]
features_1337_td=\ jdbc\:h2\:file\:~/sample;TRACE_LEVEL_SYSTEM_OUT\=3
features_1338_h2=Connecting to an Embedded (Local) Database
features_1339_p=\ The database URL for connecting to a local database is <code>jdbc\:h2\:[file\:][&lt;path&gt;]&lt;databaseName&gt;</code>. The prefix <code>file\:</code> is optional. If no or only a relative path is used, then the current working directory is used as a starting point. The case sensitivity of the path and database name depend on the operating system, however it is recommended to use lowercase letters only. The database name must be at least three characters long (a limitation of <code>File.createTempFile</code>). To point to the user home directory, use <code>~/</code>, as in\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test</code>. 
features_1340_h2=In-Memory Databases
features_1341_p=\ For certain use cases (for example\: rapid prototyping, testing, high performance operations, read-only databases), it may not be required to persist data, or persist changes to the data. This database supports the in-memory mode, where the data is not persisted. 
features_1342_p=\ In some cases, only one connection to a in-memory database is required. This means the database to be opened is private. In this case, the database URL is <code>jdbc\:h2\:mem\:</code> Opening two connections within the same virtual machine means opening two different (private) databases. 
features_1343_p=\ Sometimes multiple connections to the same in-memory database are required. In this case, the database URL must include a name. Example\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:mem\:db1</code>. Accessing the same database using this URL only works within the same virtual machine and class loader environment. 
features_1344_p=\ In-memory can be accessed remotely (or from multiple processes in the same machine) using TCP/IP or SSL/TLS. An example database URL is\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:tcp\://localhost/mem\:db1</code>. 
features_1345_p=\ By default, closing the last connection to a database closes the database. For an in-memory database, this means the content is lost. To keep the database open, add <code>;DB_CLOSE_DELAY\=-1</code> to the database URL. To keep the content of an in-memory database as long as the virtual machine is alive, use <code>jdbc\:h2\:mem\:test;DB_CLOSE_DELAY\=-1</code>. 
features_1346_h2=Database Files Encryption
features_1347_p=\ The database files can be encrypted. Two encryption algorithms are supported\: AES and XTEA. To use file encryption, you need to specify the encryption algorithm (the 'cipher') and the file password (in addition to the user password) when connecting to the database. 
features_1348_h3=Creating a New Database with File Encryption
features_1349_p=\ By default, a new database is automatically created if it does not exist yet. To create an encrypted database, connect to it as it would already exist. 
features_1350_h3=Connecting to an Encrypted Database
features_1351_p=\ The encryption algorithm is set in the database URL, and the file password is specified in the password field, before the user password. A single space separates the file password and the user password; the file password itself may not contain spaces. File passwords and user passwords are case sensitive. Here is an example to connect to a password-encrypted database\: 
features_1352_h3=Encrypting or Decrypting a Database
features_1353_p=\ To encrypt an existing database, use the <code>ChangeFileEncryption</code> tool. This tool can also decrypt an encrypted database, or change the file encryption key. The tool is available from within the H2 Console in the tools section, or you can run it from the command line. The following command line will encrypt the database <code>test</code> in the user home directory with the file password <code>filepwd</code> and the encryption algorithm AES\: 
features_1354_h2=Database File Locking
features_1355_p=\ Whenever a database is opened, a lock file is created to signal other processes that the database is in use. If database is closed, or if the process that opened the database terminates, this lock file is deleted. 
features_1356_p=\ The following file locking methods are implemented\: 
features_1357_li=The default method is <code>FILE</code> and uses a watchdog thread to protect the database file. The watchdog reads the lock file each second. 
features_1358_li=The second method is <code>SOCKET</code> and opens a server socket. The socket method does not require reading the lock file every second. The socket method should only be used if the database files are only accessed by one (and always the same) computer. 
features_1359_li=It is also possible to open the database without file locking; in this case it is up to the application to protect the database files. Failing to do so will result in a corrupted database. Using the method <code>NO</code> forces the database to not create a lock file at all. Please note that this is unsafe as another process is able to open the same database, possibly leading to data corruption.
features_1360_p=\ To open the database with a different file locking method, use the parameter <code>FILE_LOCK</code>. The following code opens the database with the 'socket' locking method\: 
features_1361_p=\ For more information about the algorithms, see <a href\="advanced.html\#file_locking_protocols">Advanced / File Locking Protocols</a>. 
features_1362_h2=Opening a Database Only if it Already Exists
features_1363_p=\ By default, when an application calls <code>DriverManager.getConnection(url, ...)</code> and the database specified in the URL does not yet exist, a new (empty) database is created. In some situations, it is better to restrict creating new databases, and only allow to open existing databases. To do this, add <code>;IFEXISTS\=TRUE</code> to the database URL. In this case, if the database does not already exist, an exception is thrown when trying to connect. The connection only succeeds when the database already exists. The complete URL may look like this\: 
features_1364_h2=Closing a Database
features_1365_h3=Delayed Database Closing
features_1366_p=\ Usually, a database is closed when the last connection to it is closed. In some situations this slows down the application, for example when it is not possible to keep at least one connection open. The automatic closing of a database can be delayed or disabled with the SQL statement <code>SET DB_CLOSE_DELAY &lt;seconds&gt;</code>. The parameter &lt;seconds&gt; specifies the number of seconds to keep a database open after the last connection to it was closed. The following statement will keep a database open for 10 seconds after the last connection was closed\: 
features_1367_p=\ The value -1 means the database is not closed automatically. The value 0 is the default and means the database is closed when the last connection is closed. This setting is persistent and can be set by an administrator only. It is possible to set the value in the database URL\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;DB_CLOSE_DELAY\=10</code>. 
features_1368_h3=Don't Close a Database when the VM Exits
features_1369_p=\ By default, a database is closed when the last connection is closed. However, if it is never closed, the database is closed when the virtual machine exits normally, using a shutdown hook. In some situations, the database should not be closed in this case, for example because the database is still used at virtual machine shutdown (to store the shutdown process in the database for example). For those cases, the automatic closing of the database can be disabled in the database URL. The first connection (the one that is opening the database) needs to set the option in the database URL (it is not possible to change the setting afterwards). The database URL to disable database closing on exit is\: 
features_1370_h2=Execute SQL on Connection
features_1371_p=\ Sometimes, particularly for in-memory databases, it is useful to be able to execute DDL or DML commands automatically when a client connects to a database. This functionality is enabled via the INIT property. Note that multiple commands may be passed to INIT, but the semicolon delimiter must be escaped, as in the example below. 
features_1372_h2=Ignore Unknown Settings
features_1373_p=\ Some applications (for example OpenOffice.org Base) pass some additional parameters when connecting to the database. Why those parameters are passed is unknown. The parameters <code>PREFERDOSLIKELINEENDS</code> and <code>IGNOREDRIVERPRIVILEGES</code> are such examples; they are simply ignored to improve the compatibility with OpenOffice.org. If an application passes other parameters when connecting to the database, usually the database throws an exception saying the parameter is not supported. It is possible to ignored such parameters by adding <code>;IGNORE_UNKNOWN_SETTINGS\=TRUE</code> to the database URL. 
features_1374_h2=Changing Other Settings when Opening a Connection
features_1375_p=\ In addition to the settings already described, other database settings can be passed in the database URL. Adding <code>;setting\=value</code> at the end of a database URL is the same as executing the statement <code>SET setting value</code> just after connecting. For a list of supported settings, see <a href\="grammar.html">SQL Grammar</a>. 
features_1376_h2=Custom File Access Mode
features_1377_p=\ Usually, the database opens the database file with the access mode <code>rw</code>, meaning read-write (except for read only databases, where the mode <code>r</code> is used). To open a database in read-only mode if the database file is not read-only, use <code>ACCESS_MODE_DATA\=r</code>. Also supported are <code>rws</code> and <code>rwd</code>. This setting must be specified in the database URL\: 
features_1378_p=\ For more information see <a href\="advanced.html\#durability_problems">Durability Problems</a>. On many operating systems the access mode <code>rws</code> does not guarantee that the data is written to the disk. 
features_1379_h2=Multiple Connections
features_1380_h3=Opening Multiple Databases at the Same Time
features_1381_p=\ An application can open multiple databases at the same time, including multiple connections to the same database. The number of open database is only limited by the memory available. 
features_1382_h3=Multiple Connections to the Same Database\: Client/Server
features_1383_p=\ If you want to access the same database at the same time from different processes or computers, you need to use the client / server mode. In this case, one process acts as the server, and the other processes (that could reside on other computers as well) connect to the server via TCP/IP (or SSL/TLS over TCP/IP for improved security). 
features_1384_h3=Multithreading Support
features_1385_p=\ This database is multithreading-safe. That means, if an application is multi-threaded, it does not need to worry about synchronizing access to the database. Internally, most requests to the same database are synchronized. That means an application can use multiple threads that access the same database at the same time, however if one thread executes a long running query, the other threads need to wait. 
features_1386_p=\ An application should normally use one connection per thread. This database synchronizes access to the same connection, but other databases may not do this. 
features_1387_h3=Locking, Lock-Timeout, Deadlocks
features_1388_p=\ The database uses table level locks to give each connection a consistent state of the data. There are two kinds of locks\: read locks (shared locks) and write locks (exclusive locks). All locks are released when the transaction commits or rolls back. When using the default transaction isolation level 'read committed', read locks are already released after each statement. 
features_1389_p=\ If a connection wants to reads from a table, and there is no write lock on the table, then a read lock is added to the table. If there is a write lock, then this connection waits for the other connection to release the lock. If a connection cannot get a lock for a specified time, then a lock timeout exception is thrown. 
features_1390_p=\ Usually, <code>SELECT</code> statements will generate read locks. This includes subqueries. Statements that modify data use write locks. It is also possible to lock a table exclusively without modifying data, using the statement <code>SELECT ... FOR UPDATE</code>. The statements <code>COMMIT</code> and <code>ROLLBACK</code> releases all open locks. The commands <code>SAVEPOINT</code> and <code>ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</code> don't affect locks. The locks are also released when the autocommit mode changes, and for connections with autocommit set to true (this is the default), locks are released after each statement. The following statements generate locks\: 
features_1391_th=Type of Lock
features_1392_th=SQL Statement
features_1393_td=Read
features_1394_td=SELECT * FROM TEST;
features_1395_td=\ CALL SELECT MAX(ID) FROM TEST;
features_1396_td=\ SCRIPT;
features_1397_td=Write
features_1398_td=SELECT * FROM TEST WHERE 1\=0 FOR UPDATE;
features_1399_td=Write
features_1400_td=INSERT INTO TEST VALUES(1, 'Hello');
features_1401_td=\ INSERT INTO TEST SELECT * FROM TEST;
features_1402_td=\ UPDATE TEST SET NAME\='Hi';
features_1403_td=\ DELETE FROM TEST;
features_1404_td=Write
features_1405_td=ALTER TABLE TEST ...;
features_1406_td=\ CREATE INDEX ... ON TEST ...;
features_1407_td=\ DROP INDEX ...;
features_1408_p=\ The number of seconds until a lock timeout exception is thrown can be set separately for each connection using the SQL command <code>SET LOCK_TIMEOUT &lt;milliseconds&gt;</code>. The initial lock timeout (that is the timeout used for new connections) can be set using the SQL command <code>SET DEFAULT_LOCK_TIMEOUT &lt;milliseconds&gt;</code>. The default lock timeout is persistent. 
features_1409_h2=Database File Layout
features_1410_p=\ The following files are created for persistent databases\: 
features_1411_th=File Name
features_1412_th=Description
features_1413_th=Number of Files
features_1414_td=\ test.h2.db 
features_1415_td=\ Database file.
features_1416_td=\ Contains the transaction log, indexes, and data for all tables.
features_1417_td=\ Format\: <code>&lt;database&gt;.h2.db</code> 
features_1418_td=\ 1 per database 
features_1419_td=\ test.lock.db 
features_1420_td=\ Database lock file.
features_1421_td=\ Automatically (re-)created while the database is in use.
features_1422_td=\ Format\: <code>&lt;database&gt;.lock.db</code> 
features_1423_td=\ 1 per database (only if in use) 
features_1424_td=\ test.trace.db 
features_1425_td=\ Trace file (if the trace option is enabled).
features_1426_td=\ Contains trace information.
features_1427_td=\ Format\: <code>&lt;database&gt;.trace.db</code>
features_1428_td=\ Renamed to <code>&lt;database&gt;.trace.db.old</code> is too big. 
features_1429_td=\ 0 or 1 per database 
features_1430_td=\ test.lobs.db/* 
features_1431_td=\ Directory containing one file for each
features_1432_td=\ BLOB or CLOB value larger than a certain size.
features_1433_td=\ Format\: <code>&lt;id&gt;.t&lt;tableId&gt;.lob.db</code> 
features_1434_td=\ 1 per large object 
features_1435_td=\ test.123.temp.db 
features_1436_td=\ Temporary file.
features_1437_td=\ Contains a temporary blob or a large result set.
features_1438_td=\ Format\: <code>&lt;database&gt;.&lt;id&gt;.temp.db</code> 
features_1439_td=\ 1 per object 
features_1440_h3=Moving and Renaming Database Files
features_1441_p=\ Database name and location are not stored inside the database files. 
features_1442_p=\ While a database is closed, the files can be moved to another directory, and they can be renamed as well (as long as all files of the same database start with the same name and the respective extensions are unchanged). 
features_1443_p=\ As there is no platform specific data in the files, they can be moved to other operating systems without problems. 
features_1444_h3=Backup
features_1445_p=\ When the database is closed, it is possible to backup the database files. Please note that index files do not need to be backed up, because they contain redundant data, and will be recreated automatically if they don't exist. 
features_1446_p=\ To backup data while the database is running, the SQL command <code>SCRIPT</code> can be used. 
features_1447_h2=Logging and Recovery
features_1448_p=\ Whenever data is modified in the database and those changes are committed, the changes are written to the transaction log (except for in-memory objects). The changes to the main data area itself are usually written later on, to optimize disk access. If there is a power failure, the main data area is not up-to-date, but because the changes are in the transaction log, the next time the database is opened, the changes are re-applied automatically. 
features_1449_h2=Compatibility
features_1450_p=\ All database engines behave a little bit different. Where possible, H2 supports the ANSI SQL standard, and tries to be compatible to other databases. There are still a few differences however\: 
features_1451_p=\ In MySQL text columns are case insensitive by default, while in H2 they are case sensitive. However H2 supports case insensitive columns as well. To create the tables with case insensitive texts, append <code>IGNORECASE\=TRUE</code> to the database URL (example\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;IGNORECASE\=TRUE</code>). 
features_1452_h3=Compatibility Modes
features_1453_p=\ For certain features, this database can emulate the behavior of specific databases. Not all features or differences of those databases are implemented. Here is the list of currently supported modes and the differences to the regular mode\: 
features_1454_h3=DB2 Compatibility Mode
features_1455_p=\ To use the IBM DB2 mode, use the database URL <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;MODE\=DB2</code> or the SQL statement <code>SET MODE DB2</code>. 
features_1456_li=For aliased columns, <code>ResultSetMetaData.getColumnName()</code> returns the alias name and <code>getTableName()</code> returns <code>null</code>. 
features_1457_li=Support for the syntax <code>[OFFSET .. ROW] [FETCH ... ONLY]</code> as an alternative for <code>LIMIT .. OFFSET</code>. 
features_1458_li=Concatenating <code>NULL</code> with another value results in the other value. 
features_1459_h3=Derby Compatibility Mode
features_1460_p=\ To use the Apache Derby mode, use the database URL <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;MODE\=Derby</code> or the SQL statement <code>SET MODE Derby</code>. 
features_1461_li=For aliased columns, <code>ResultSetMetaData.getColumnName()</code> returns the alias name and <code>getTableName()</code> returns <code>null</code>. 
features_1462_li=For unique indexes, <code>NULL</code> is distinct. That means only one row with <code>NULL</code> in one of the columns is allowed. 
features_1463_li=Concatenating <code>NULL</code> with another value results in the other value. 
features_1464_h3=HSQLDB Compatibility Mode
features_1465_p=\ To use the HSQLDB mode, use the database URL <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;MODE\=HSQLDB</code> or the SQL statement <code>SET MODE HSQLDB</code>. 
features_1466_li=For aliased columns, <code>ResultSetMetaData.getColumnName()</code> returns the alias name and <code>getTableName()</code> returns <code>null</code>. 
features_1467_li=When converting the scale of decimal data, the number is only converted if the new scale is smaller than the current scale. Usually, the scale is converted and 0s are added if required. 
features_1468_li=For unique indexes, <code>NULL</code> is distinct. That means only one row with <code>NULL</code> in one of the columns is allowed. 
features_1469_li=Text can be concatenated using '+'. 
features_1470_h3=MS SQL Server Compatibility Mode
features_1471_p=\ To use the MS SQL Server mode, use the database URL <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;MODE\=MSSQLServer</code> or the SQL statement <code>SET MODE MSSQLServer</code>. 
features_1472_li=For aliased columns, <code>ResultSetMetaData.getColumnName()</code> returns the alias name and <code>getTableName()</code> returns <code>null</code>. 
features_1473_li=Identifiers may be quoted using square brackets as in <code>[Test]</code>. 
features_1474_li=For unique indexes, <code>NULL</code> is distinct. That means only one row with <code>NULL</code> in one of the columns is allowed. 
features_1475_li=Concatenating <code>NULL</code> with another value results in the other value. 
features_1476_li=Text can be concatenated using '+'. 
features_1477_h3=MySQL Compatibility Mode
features_1478_p=\ To use the MySQL mode, use the database URL <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;MODE\=MySQL</code> or the SQL statement <code>SET MODE MySQL</code>. 
features_1479_li=When inserting data, if a column is defined to be <code>NOT NULL</code> and <code>NULL</code> is inserted, then a 0 (or empty string, or the current timestamp for timestamp columns) value is used. Usually, this operation is not allowed and an exception is thrown. 
features_1480_li=Creating indexes in the <code>CREATE TABLE</code> statement is allowed using <code>INDEX(..)</code> or <code>KEY(..)</code>. Example\: <code>create table test(id int primary key, name varchar(255), key idx_name(name));</code> 
features_1481_li=Meta data calls return identifiers in lower case. 
features_1482_li=When converting a floating point number to an integer, the fractional digits are not truncated, but the value is rounded. 
features_1483_li=Concatenating <code>NULL</code> with another value results in the other value. 
features_1484_h3=Oracle Compatibility Mode
features_1485_p=\ To use the Oracle mode, use the database URL <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;MODE\=Oracle</code> or the SQL statement <code>SET MODE Oracle</code>. 
features_1486_li=For aliased columns, <code>ResultSetMetaData.getColumnName()</code> returns the alias name and <code>getTableName()</code> returns <code>null</code>. 
features_1487_li=When using unique indexes, multiple rows with <code>NULL</code> in all columns are allowed, however it is not allowed to have multiple rows with the same values otherwise. 
features_1488_li=Concatenating <code>NULL</code> with another value results in the other value. 
features_1489_h3=PostgreSQL Compatibility Mode
features_1490_p=\ To use the PostgreSQL mode, use the database URL <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;MODE\=PostgreSQL</code> or the SQL statement <code>SET MODE PostgreSQL</code>. 
features_1491_li=For aliased columns, <code>ResultSetMetaData.getColumnName()</code> returns the alias name and <code>getTableName()</code> returns <code>null</code>. 
features_1492_li=When converting a floating point number to an integer, the fractional digits are not be truncated, but the value is rounded. 
features_1493_li=The system columns <code>CTID</code> and <code>OID</code> are supported. 
features_1494_h2=Auto-Reconnect
features_1495_p=\ The auto-reconnect feature causes the JDBC driver to reconnect to the database if the connection is lost. The automatic re-connect only occurs when auto-commit is enabled; if auto-commit is disabled, an exception is thrown. To enable this mode, append <code>;AUTO_RECONNECT\=TRUE</code> to the database URL. 
features_1496_p=\ Re-connecting will open a new session. After an automatic re-connect, variables and local temporary tables definitions (excluding data) are re-created. The contents of the system table <code>INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SESSION_STATE</code> contains all client side state that is re-created. 
features_1497_p=\ If another connection uses the database in exclusive mode (enabled using <code>SET EXCLUSIVE 1</code> or <code>SET EXCLUSIVE 2</code>), then this connection will try to re-connect until the exclusive mode ends. 
features_1498_h2=Automatic Mixed Mode
features_1499_p=\ Multiple processes can access the same database without having to start the server manually. To do that, append <code>;AUTO_SERVER\=TRUE</code> to the database URL. You can use the same database URL independent of whether the database is already open or not. This feature doesn't work with in-memory databases. 
features_1500_p=\ When using this mode, the first connection to the database is made in embedded mode, and additionally a server is started internally (as a daemon thread). If the database is already open in another process, the server mode is used automatically. 
features_1501_p=\ The application that opens the first connection to the database uses the embedded mode, which is faster than the server mode. Therefore the main application should open the database first if possible. The first connection automatically starts a server on a random port. This server allows remote connections, however only to this database (to ensure that, the client reads <code>.lock.db</code> file and sends the the random key that is stored there to the server). When the first connection is closed, the server stops. If other (remote) connections are still open, one of them will then start a server (auto-reconnect is enabled automatically). 
features_1502_p=\ All processes need to have access to the database files. If the first connection is closed (the connection that started the server), open transactions of other connections will be rolled back (this may not be a problem if you don't disable autocommit). Explicit client/server connections (using <code>jdbc\:h2\:tcp\://</code> or <code>ssl\://</code>) are not supported. This mode is not supported for in-memory databases. 
features_1503_p=\ Here is an example how to use this mode. Application 1 and 2 are not necessarily started on the same computer, but they need to have access to the database files. Application 1 and 2 are typically two different processes (however they could run within the same process). 
features_1504_h2=Page Size
features_1505_p=\ The page size for new databases is 2 KB (2048), unless the system property <code>h2.pageSize</code> is set to a different value, or the page size is set explicitly in the database URL using <code>PAGE_SIZE\=</code>. The page size of existing databases can not be changed. 
features_1506_h2=Using the Trace Options
features_1507_p=\ To find problems in an application, it is sometimes good to see what database operations where executed. This database offers the following trace features\: 
features_1508_li=Trace to <code>System.out</code> and/or to a file 
features_1509_li=Support for trace levels <code>OFF, ERROR, INFO, DEBUG</code> 
features_1510_li=The maximum size of the trace file can be set 
features_1511_li=It is possible to generate Java source code from the trace file 
features_1512_li=Trace can be enabled at runtime by manually creating a file 
features_1513_h3=Trace Options
features_1514_p=\ The simplest way to enable the trace option is setting it in the database URL. There are two settings, one for <code>System.out</code> (<code>TRACE_LEVEL_SYSTEM_OUT</code>) tracing, and one for file tracing (<code>TRACE_LEVEL_FILE</code>). The trace levels are 0 for <code>OFF</code>, 1 for <code>ERROR</code> (the default), 2 for <code>INFO</code>, and 3 for <code>DEBUG</code>. A database URL with both levels set to <code>DEBUG</code> is\: 
features_1515_p=\ The trace level can be changed at runtime by executing the SQL command <code>SET TRACE_LEVEL_SYSTEM_OUT level</code> (for <code>System.out</code> tracing) or <code>SET TRACE_LEVEL_FILE level</code> (for file tracing). Example\: 
features_1516_h3=Setting the Maximum Size of the Trace File
features_1517_p=\ When using a high trace level, the trace file can get very big quickly. The default size limit is 16 MB, if the trace file exceeds this limit, it is renamed to <code>.old</code> and a new file is created. If another such file exists, it is deleted. To limit the size to a certain number of megabytes, use <code>SET TRACE_MAX_FILE_SIZE mb</code>. Example\: 
features_1518_h3=Java Code Generation
features_1519_p=\ When setting the trace level to <code>INFO</code> or <code>DEBUG</code>, Java source code is generated as well. This simplifies reproducing problems. The trace file looks like this\: 
features_1520_p=\ To filter the Java source code, use the <code>ConvertTraceFile</code> tool as follows\: 
features_1521_p=\ The generated file <code>Test.java</code> will contain the Java source code. The generated source code may be too large to compile (the size of a Java method is limited). If this is the case, the source code needs to be split in multiple methods. The password is not listed in the trace file and therefore not included in the source code. 
features_1522_h2=Using Other Logging APIs
features_1523_p=\ By default, this database uses its own native 'trace' facility. This facility is called 'trace' and not 'log' within this database to avoid confusion with the transaction log. Trace messages can be written to both file and <code>System.out</code>. In most cases, this is sufficient, however sometimes it is better to use the same facility as the application, for example Log4j. To do that, this database support SLF4J. 
features_1524_a=SLF4J
features_1525_p=\ is a simple facade for various logging APIs and allows to plug in the desired implementation at deployment time. SLF4J supports implementations such as Logback, Log4j, Jakarta Commons Logging (JCL), Java logging, x4juli, and Simple Log. 
features_1526_p=\ To enable SLF4J, set the file trace level to 4 in the database URL\: 
features_1527_p=\ Changing the log mechanism is not possible after the database is open, that means executing the SQL statement <code>SET TRACE_LEVEL_FILE 4</code> when the database is already open will not have the desired effect. To use SLF4J, all required jar files need to be in the classpath. If it does not work, check the file <code>&lt;database&gt;.trace.db</code> for error messages. 
features_1528_h2=Read Only Databases
features_1529_p=\ If the database files are read-only, then the database is read-only as well. It is not possible to create new tables, add or modify data in this database. Only <code>SELECT</code> and <code>CALL</code> statements are allowed. To create a read-only database, close the database. Then, make the database file read-only. When you open the database now, it is read-only. There are two ways an application can find out whether database is read-only\: by calling <code>Connection.isReadOnly()</code> or by executing the SQL statement <code>CALL READONLY()</code>. 
features_1530_p=\ Using the <a href\="\#custom_access_mode">Custom Access Mode</a> <code>r</code> the database can also be opened in read-only mode, even if the database file is not read only. 
features_1531_h2=Read Only Databases in Zip or Jar File
features_1532_p=\ To create a read-only database in a zip file, first create a regular persistent database, and then create a backup. The database must not have pending changes, that means you need to close all connections to the database first. If you are using a database named <code>test</code>, an easy way to create a zip file is using the <code>Backup</code> tool. You can start the tool from the command line, or from within the H2 Console (Tools - Backup). Please note that the database must be closed when the backup is created. Therefore, the SQL statement <code>BACKUP TO</code> can not be used. 
features_1533_p=\ When the zip file is created, you can open the database in the zip file using the following database URL\: 
features_1534_p=\ Databases in zip files are read-only. The performance for some queries will be slower than when using a regular database, because random access in zip files is not supported (only streaming). How much this affects the performance depends on the queries and the data. The database is not read in memory; therefore large databases are supported as well. The same indexes are used as when using a regular database. 
features_1535_h2=Graceful Handling of Low Disk Space Situations
features_1536_p=\ If the database needs more disk space, it calls the database event listener if one is installed. The application may then delete temporary files, or display a message and wait until the user has resolved the problem. To install a listener, run the SQL statement <code>SET DATABASE_EVENT_LISTENER</code> or use a database URL of the form <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;DATABASE_EVENT_LISTENER\='com.acme.DbListener'</code> (the quotes around the class name are required). See also the <code>DatabaseEventListener</code> API. 
features_1537_h3=Opening a Corrupted Database
features_1538_p=\ If a database cannot be opened because the boot info (the SQL script that is run at startup) is corrupted, then the database can be opened by specifying a database event listener. The exceptions are logged, but opening the database will continue. 
features_1539_h2=Computed Columns / Function Based Index
features_1540_p=\ Function indexes are not directly supported by this database, but they can be emulated by using computed columns. For example, if an index on the upper-case version of a column is required, create a computed column with the upper-case version of the original column, and create an index for this column\: 
features_1541_p=\ When inserting data, it is not required (and not allowed) to specify a value for the upper-case version of the column, because the value is generated. But you can use the column when querying the table\: 
features_1542_h2=Multi-Dimensional Indexes
features_1543_p=\ A tool is provided to execute efficient multi-dimension (spatial) range queries. This database does not support a specialized spatial index (R-Tree or similar). Instead, the B-Tree index is used. For each record, the multi-dimensional key is converted (mapped) to a single dimensional (scalar) value. This value specifies the location on a space-filling curve. 
features_1544_p=\ Currently, Z-order (also called N-order or Morton-order) is used; Hilbert curve could also be used, but the implementation is more complex. The algorithm to convert the multi-dimensional value is called bit-interleaving. The scalar value is indexed using a B-Tree index (usually using a computed column). 
features_1545_p=\ The method can result in a drastic performance improvement over just using an index on the first column. Depending on the data and number of dimensions, the improvement is usually higher than factor 5. The tool generates a SQL query from a specified multi-dimensional range. The method used is not database dependent, and the tool can easily be ported to other databases. For an example how to use the tool, please have a look at the sample code provided in <code>TestMultiDimension.java</code>. 
features_1546_h2=User-Defined Functions and Stored Procedures
features_1547_p=\ In addition to the built-in functions, this database supports user-defined Java functions. In this database, Java functions can be used as stored procedures as well. A function must be declared (registered) before it can be used. A function can be defined using source code, or as a reference to a compiled class that is available in the classpath. By default, the function aliases are stored in the current schema. 
features_1548_h3=Referencing a Compiled Method
features_1549_p=\ When referencing a method, the class must already be compiled and included in the classpath where the database is running. Only static Java methods are supported; both the class and the method must be public. Example Java class\: 
features_1550_p=\ The Java function must be registered in the database by calling <code>CREATE ALIAS ... FOR</code>\: 
features_1551_p=\ For a complete sample application, see <code>src/test/org/h2/samples/Function.java</code>. 
features_1552_h3=Declaring Functions as Source Code
features_1553_p=\ When defining a function alias with source code, the database tries to compile the source code using the Sun Java compiler (the class <code>com.sun.tools.javac.Main</code>) if the <code>tools.jar</code> is in the classpath. If not, <code>javac</code> is run as a separate process. Only the source code is stored in the database; the class is compiled each time the database is re-opened. Source code is usually passed as dollar quoted text to avoid escaping problems, however single quotes can be used as well. Example\: 
features_1554_p=\ The method name (<code>nextPrime</code> in the example above) is ignored. By default, the three packages <code>java.util, java.math, java.sql</code> are imported. If different import statements are required, they must be declared at the beginning and separated with the tag <code>@CODE</code>\: 
features_1555_p=\ The following template is used to create a complete Java class\: 
features_1556_h3=Function Data Type Mapping
features_1557_p=\ Functions that accept non-nullable parameters such as <code>int</code> will not be called if one of those parameters is <code>NULL</code>. Instead, the result of the function is <code>NULL</code>. If the function should be called if a parameter is <code>NULL</code>, you need to use <code>java.lang.Integer</code> instead. 
features_1558_p=\ SQL types are mapped to Java classes and vice-versa as in the JDBC API. For details, see <a href\="datatypes.html">Data Types</a>. There are two special cases\: <code>java.lang.Object</code> is mapped to <code>OTHER</code> (a serialized object). Therefore, <code>java.lang.Object</code> can not be used to match all SQL types (matching all SQL types is not supported). The second special case is <code>Object[]</code>\: arrays of any class are mapped to <code>ARRAY</code>. 
features_1559_h3=Functions That Require a Connection
features_1560_p=\ If the first parameter of a Java function is a <code>java.sql.Connection</code>, then the connection to database is provided. This connection does not need to be closed before returning. When calling the method from within the SQL statement, this connection parameter does not need to be (can not be) specified. 
features_1561_h3=Functions Throwing an Exception
features_1562_p=\ If a function throws an exception, then the current statement is rolled back and the exception is thrown to the application. SQLException are directly re-thrown to the calling application; all other exceptions are first converted to a SQLException. 
features_1563_h3=Functions Returning a Result Set
features_1564_p=\ Functions may returns a result set. Such a function can be called with the <code>CALL</code> statement\: 
features_1565_h3=Using SimpleResultSet
features_1566_p=\ A function can create a result set using the <code>SimpleResultSet</code> tool\: 
features_1567_h3=Using a Function as a Table
features_1568_p=\ A function that returns a result set can be used like a table. However, in this case the function is called at least twice\: first while parsing the statement to collect the column names (with parameters set to <code>null</code> where not known at compile time). And then, while executing the statement to get the data (maybe multiple times if this is a join). If the function is called just to get the column list, the URL of the connection passed to the function is <code>jdbc\:columnlist\:connection</code>. Otherwise, the URL of the connection is <code>jdbc\:default\:connection</code>. 
features_1569_h2=Triggers
features_1570_p=\ This database supports Java triggers that are called before or after a row is updated, inserted or deleted. Triggers can be used for complex consistency checks, or to update related data in the database. It is also possible to use triggers to simulate materialized views. For a complete sample application, see <code>src/test/org/h2/samples/TriggerSample.java</code>. A Java trigger must implement the interface <code>org.h2.api.Trigger</code>. The trigger class must be available in the classpath of the database engine (when using the server mode, it must be in the classpath of the server). 
features_1571_p=\ The connection can be used to query or update data in other tables. The trigger then needs to be defined in the database\: 
features_1572_p=\ The trigger can be used to veto a change by throwing a <code>SQLException</code>. 
features_1573_h2=Compacting a Database
features_1574_p=\ Empty space in the database file re-used automatically. When closing the database, the database is automatically compacted for up to 200 milliseconds by default. To compact more, use the SQL statement SHUTDOWN COMPACT. However re-creating the database may further reduce the database size because this will re-build the indexes. Here is a sample function to do this\: 
features_1575_p=\ See also the sample application <code>org.h2.samples.Compact</code>. The commands <code>SCRIPT / RUNSCRIPT</code> can be used as well to create a backup of a database and re-build the database from the script. 
features_1576_h2=Cache Settings
features_1577_p=\ The database keeps most frequently used data in the main memory. The amount of memory used for caching can be changed using the setting <code>CACHE_SIZE</code>. This setting can be set in the database connection URL (<code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;CACHE_SIZE\=131072</code>), or it can be changed at runtime using <code>SET CACHE_SIZE size</code>. The size of the cache, as represented by <code>CACHE_SIZE</code> is measured in KB, with each KB being 1024 bytes. This setting has no effect for in-memory databases. For persistent databases, the setting is stored in the database and re-used when the database is opened the next time. However, when opening an existing database, the cache size is set to at most half the amount of memory available for the virtual machine (Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()), even if the cache size setting stored in the database is larger; however the setting stored in the database is kept. Setting the cache size in the database URL or explicitly using <code>SET CACHE_SIZE</code> overrides this value (even if larger than the physical memory). To get the current used maximum cache size, use the query <code>SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SETTINGS WHERE NAME \= 'info.CACHE_MAX_SIZE'</code> 
features_1578_p=\ Also included is an experimental second level soft reference cache. Rows in this cache are only garbage collected on low memory. By default the second level cache is disabled. To enable it, use the prefix <code>SOFT_</code>. Example\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;CACHE_TYPE\=SOFT_LRU</code>. The cache might not actually improve performance. If you plan to use it, please run your own test cases first. 
features_1579_p=\ To get information about page reads and writes, and the current caching algorithm in use, call <code>SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SETTINGS</code>. The number of pages read / written is listed. 
fragments_1000_label=Search\:
fragments_1001_label=Highlight keyword(s)
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fragments_1004_a=Cheat Sheet
fragments_1005_b=Documentation
fragments_1006_a=Quickstart
fragments_1007_a=Installation
fragments_1008_a=Tutorial
fragments_1009_a=Features
fragments_1010_a=Performance
fragments_1011_a=Advanced
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fragments_1030_td=&nbsp;
frame_1000_h1=H2 Database Engine
frame_1001_p=\ Welcome to H2, the free SQL database. The main feature of H2 are\: 
frame_1002_li=It is free to use for everybody, source code is included 
frame_1003_li=Written in Java, but also available as native executable 
frame_1004_li=JDBC and (partial) ODBC API 
frame_1005_li=Embedded and client/server modes 
frame_1006_li=Clustering is supported 
frame_1007_li=A web client is included 
frame_1008_h2=No Javascript
frame_1009_p=\ If you are not automatically redirected to the main page, then Javascript is currently disabled or your browser does not support Javascript. Some features (for example the integrated search) require Javascript. 
frame_1010_p=\ Please enable Javascript, or go ahead without it\: <a href\="main.html" style\="font-size\: 16px; font-weight\: bold">H2 Database Engine</a> 
history_1000_h1=History and Roadmap
history_1001_a=\ Change Log
history_1002_a=\ Roadmap
history_1003_a=\ History of this Database Engine
history_1004_a=\ Why Java
history_1005_a=\ Supporters
history_1006_h2=Change Log
history_1007_p=\ The up-to-date change log is available at <a href\="http\://www.h2database.com/html/changelog.html"> http\://www.h2database.com/html/changelog.html </a> 
history_1008_h2=Roadmap
history_1009_p=\ The current roadmap is available at <a href\="http\://www.h2database.com/html/roadmap.html"> http\://www.h2database.com/html/roadmap.html </a> 
history_1010_h2=History of this Database Engine
history_1011_p=\ The development of H2 was started in May 2004, but it was first published on December 14th 2005. The main author of H2, Thomas Mueller, is also the original developer of Hypersonic SQL. In 2001, he joined PointBase Inc. where he wrote PointBase Micro, a commercial Java SQL database. At that point, he had to discontinue Hypersonic SQL. The HSQLDB Group was formed to continued to work on the Hypersonic SQL codebase. The name H2 stands for Hypersonic 2, however H2 does not share code with Hypersonic SQL or HSQLDB. H2 is built from scratch. 
history_1012_h2=Why Java
history_1013_p=\ The main reasons to use a Java database are\: 
history_1014_li=Very simple to integrate in Java applications 
history_1015_li=Support for many different platforms 
history_1016_li=More secure than native applications (no buffer overflows) 
history_1017_li=User defined functions (or triggers) run very fast 
history_1018_li=Unicode support 
history_1019_p=\ Some think Java is too slow for low level operations, but this is no longer true. Garbage collection for example is now faster than manual memory management. 
history_1020_p=\ Developing Java code is faster than developing C or C++ code. When using Java, most time can be spent on improving the algorithms instead of porting the code to different platforms or doing memory management. Features such as Unicode and network libraries are already built-in. In Java, writing secure code is easier because buffer overflows can not occur. Features such as reflection can be used for randomized testing. 
history_1021_p=\ Java is future proof\: a lot of companies support Java. Java is now open source. 
history_1022_p=\ To increase the portability and ease of use, this software depends on very few libraries. Features that are not available in open source Java implementations (such as Swing) are not used, or only used for optional features. 
history_1023_h2=Supporters
history_1024_p=\ Many thanks for those who reported bugs, gave valuable feedback, spread the word, and translated this project. Also many thanks to the donors\: 
history_1025_a=Code Lutin, France
history_1026_a=Code 42 Software, Inc., Minneapolis
history_1027_a=NetSuxxess GmbH, Germany
history_1028_a=Poker Copilot, Steve McLeod, Germany
history_1029_a=SkyCash, Poland
history_1030_a=Lumber-mill, Inc., Japan
history_1031_a=StockMarketEye, USA
history_1032_li=Martin Wildam, Austria 
history_1033_li=Donald Bleyl, USA 
history_1034_li=Frank Berger, Germany 
history_1035_li=Ashwin Jayaprakash, USA 
history_1036_li=Florent Ramiere, France 
history_1037_li=Jun Iyama, Japan 
history_1038_li=Antonio Casqueiro, Portugal 
history_1039_li=Oliver Computing LLC, USA 
history_1040_li=Harpal Grover Consulting Inc., USA 
history_1041_li=Elisabetta Berlini, Italy 
history_1042_li=William Gilbert, USA 
history_1043_li=Antonio Dieguez Rojas, Chile 
history_1044_a=Ontology Works, USA
history_1045_li=Pete Haidinyak, USA 
history_1046_li=William Osmond, USA 
history_1047_li=Joachim Ansorg, Germany 
history_1048_li=Oliver Soerensen, Germany 
history_1049_li=Christos Vasilakis, Greece 
history_1050_li=Fyodor Kupolov, Denmark 
history_1051_li=Jakob Jenkov, Denmark 
history_1052_li=St&eacute;phane Chartrand, Switzerland 
history_1053_li=Glenn Kidd, USA 
history_1054_li=Gustav Trede, Sweden 
history_1055_li=Joonas Pulakka, Finland 
history_1056_li=Bjorn Darri Sigurdsson, Iceland 
history_1057_li=Iyama Jun, Japan 
history_1058_li=Gray Watson, USA 
history_1059_li=Erik Dick, Germany 
history_1060_li=Pengxiang Shao, China 
history_1061_li=Bilingual Marketing Group, USA 
history_1062_li=Philippe Marschall, Switzerland 
history_1063_li=Knut Staring, Norway 
history_1064_li=Theis Borg, Denmark 
installation_1000_h1=Installation
installation_1001_a=\ Requirements
installation_1002_a=\ Supported Platforms
installation_1003_a=\ Installing the Software
installation_1004_a=\ Directory Structure
installation_1005_h2=Requirements
installation_1006_p=\ To run this database, the following software stack is known to work. Other software most likely also works, but is not tested as much. 
installation_1007_h3=Database Engine
installation_1008_li=Windows XP or Vista, Mac OS X, or Linux 
installation_1009_li=Sun JDK 1.5 or newer (using Retroweaver to convert to JDK 1.4 should work, but is not regularly tested) 
installation_1010_li=Recommended Windows file system\: NTFS (FAT32 only supports files up to 4 GB) 
installation_1011_h3=H2 Console
installation_1012_li=Mozilla Firefox 
installation_1013_h2=Supported Platforms
installation_1014_p=\ As this database is written in Java, it can run on many different platforms. It is tested with Java 1.5 and 1.6 but can also be compiled to native code using GCJ. The source code does not use features of Java 1.6. Currently, the database is developed and tested on Windows XP and Mac OS X using the Sun JDK 1.6, but it also works in many other operating systems and using other Java runtime environments. All major operating systems (Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Mac OS, Ubuntu,...) are supported. 
installation_1015_h2=Installing the Software
installation_1016_p=\ To install the software, run the installer or unzip it to a directory of your choice. 
installation_1017_h2=Directory Structure
installation_1018_p=\ After installing, you should get the following directory structure\: 
installation_1019_th=Directory
installation_1020_th=Contents
installation_1021_td=bin
installation_1022_td=JAR and batch files
installation_1023_td=docs
installation_1024_td=Documentation
installation_1025_td=docs/html
installation_1026_td=HTML pages
installation_1027_td=docs/javadoc
installation_1028_td=Javadoc files
installation_1029_td=ext
installation_1030_td=External dependencies (downloaded when building)
installation_1031_td=service
installation_1032_td=Tools to run the database as a Windows Service
installation_1033_td=src
installation_1034_td=Source files
installation_1035_td=src/docsrc
installation_1036_td=Documentation sources
installation_1037_td=src/installer
installation_1038_td=Installer, shell, and release build script
installation_1039_td=src/main
installation_1040_td=Database engine source code
installation_1041_td=src/test
installation_1042_td=Test source code
installation_1043_td=src/tools
installation_1044_td=Tools and database adapters source code
jaqu_1000_h1=JaQu
jaqu_1001_a=\ What is JaQu
jaqu_1002_a=\ Differences to Other Data Access Tools
jaqu_1003_a=\ Current State
jaqu_1004_a=\ Building the JaQu Library
jaqu_1005_a=\ Requirements
jaqu_1006_a=\ Example Code
jaqu_1007_a=\ Configuration
jaqu_1008_a=\ Natural Syntax
jaqu_1009_a=\ Other Ideas
jaqu_1010_a=\ Similar Projects
jaqu_1011_h2=What is JaQu
jaqu_1012_p=\ JaQu stands for Java Query and allows to access databases using pure Java. JaQu provides a fluent interface (or internal DSL). JaQu is something like LINQ for Java (LINQ stands for "language integrated query" and is a Microsoft .NET technology). The following JaQu code\: 
jaqu_1013_p=\ stands for the SQL statement\: 
jaqu_1014_h2=Differences to Other Data Access Tools
jaqu_1015_p=\ Unlike SQL, JaQu can be easily integrated in Java applications. Because JaQu is pure Java, auto-complete in the IDE is supported. Type checking is performed by the compiler. JaQu fully protects against SQL injection. 
jaqu_1016_p=\ JaQu is meant as replacement for JDBC and SQL and not as much as a replacement for tools like Hibernate. With JaQu, you don't write SQL statements as strings. JaQu is much smaller and simpler than other persistence frameworks such as Hibernate, but it also does not provide all the features of those. Unlike iBatis and Hibernate, no XML or annotation based configuration is required; instead the configuration (if required at all) is done in pure Java, within the application. 
jaqu_1017_p=\ JaQu does not require or contain any data caching mechanism. Like JDBC and iBatis, JaQu provides full control over when and what SQL statements are executed (but without having to write SQL statements as strings). 
jaqu_1018_h3=Restrictions
jaqu_1019_p=\ Primitive types (eg. <code>boolean, int, long, double</code>) are not supported. Use <code>java.lang.Boolean, Integer, Long, Double</code> instead. 
jaqu_1020_h3=Why in Java?
jaqu_1021_p=\ Most applications are written in Java. Mixing Java and another language (for example Scala or Groovy) in the same application is complicated\: you would need to split the application and database code, and write adapter / wrapper code. 
jaqu_1022_h2=Current State
jaqu_1023_p=\ Currently, JaQu is only tested with the H2 database. The API may change in future versions. JaQu is not part of the h2 jar file, however the source code is included in H2, under\: 
jaqu_1024_code=src/test/org/h2/test/jaqu/*
jaqu_1025_li=\ (samples and tests) 
jaqu_1026_code=src/tools/org/h2/jaqu/*
jaqu_1027_li=\ (framework) 
jaqu_1028_h2=Building the JaQu Library
jaqu_1029_p=\ To create the JaQu jar file, run\: <code>build jarJaqu</code>. This will create the file <code>bin/h2jaqu.jar</code>. 
jaqu_1030_h2=Requirements
jaqu_1031_p=\ JaQu requires Java 1.5. Annotations are not need. Currently, JaQu is only tested with the H2 database engine, however in theory it should work with any database that supports the JDBC API. 
jaqu_1032_h2=Example Code
jaqu_1033_h2=Configuration
jaqu_1034_p=\ JaQu does not require any configuration when using the default field to column mapping. To define table indices, or if you want to map a class to a table with a different name, or a field to a column with another name, create a function called <code>define</code> in the data class. Example\: 
jaqu_1035_p=\ The method <code>define()</code> contains the mapping definition. It is called once when the class is used for the first time. Like annotations, the mapping is defined in the class itself. Unlike when using annotations, the compiler can check the syntax even for multi-column objects (multi-column indexes, multi-column primary keys and so on). Because the definition is written in Java, the configuration can be set at runtime, which is not possible using annotations. Unlike XML mapping configuration, the configuration is integrated in the class itself. 
jaqu_1036_h2=Natural Syntax
jaqu_1037_p=The plan is to support more natural (pure Java) syntax in conditions. To do that, the condition class is de-compiled to a SQL condition. A proof of concept decompiler is included (but it doesn't fully work yet; patches are welcome). The planned syntax is\: 
jaqu_1038_h2=Other Ideas
jaqu_1039_p=\ This project has just been started, and nothing is fixed yet. Some ideas are\: 
jaqu_1040_li=Support queries on collections (instead of using a database). 
jaqu_1041_li=Provide API level compatibility with JPA (so that JaQu can be used as an extension of JPA). 
jaqu_1042_li=Internally use a JPA implementation (for example Hibernate) instead of SQL directly. 
jaqu_1043_li=Use PreparedStatements and cache them. 
jaqu_1044_h2=Similar Projects
jaqu_1045_a=Cement Framework
jaqu_1046_a=Dreamsource ORM
jaqu_1047_a=Empire-db
jaqu_1048_a=JEQUEL\: Java Embedded QUEry Language
jaqu_1049_a=Joist
jaqu_1050_a=JoSQL
jaqu_1051_a=LIQUidFORM
jaqu_1052_a=Quaere (Alias implementation)
jaqu_1053_a=Quaere
jaqu_1054_a=Querydsl
jaqu_1055_a=Squill
license_1000_h1=License
license_1001_a=\ Summary and License FAQ
license_1002_a=\ H2 License - Version 1.0
license_1003_a=\ Eclipse Public License - Version 1.0
license_1004_h2=Summary and License FAQ
license_1005_p=\ H2 is dual licensed and available under a modified version of the MPL 1.1 (<a href\="http\://www.mozilla.org/MPL">Mozilla Public License</a>) or under the (unmodified) EPL 1.0 (<a href\="http\://opensource.org/licenses/eclipse-1.0.php">Eclipse Public License</a>). The changes to the MPL are 
license_1006_em=underlined</em>. There is a license FAQ for both the MPL and the EPL, most of that is applicable to the H2 license as well. 
license_1007_li=You can use H2 for free. You can integrate it into your applications (including in commercial applications), and you can distribute it. 
license_1008_li=Files containing only your code are not covered by this license (it is 'commercial friendly'). 
license_1009_li=Modifications to the H2 source code must be published. 
license_1010_li=You don't need to provide the source code of H2 if you did not modify anything. 
license_1011_p=\ However, nobody is allowed to rename H2, modify it a little, and sell it as a database engine without telling the customers it is in fact H2. This happened to HSQLDB\: a company called 'bungisoft' copied HSQLDB, renamed it to 'RedBase', and tried to sell it, hiding the fact that it was in fact just HSQLDB. It seems 'bungisoft' does not exist any more, but you can use the <a href\="http\://www.archive.org">Wayback Machine</a> and visit old web pages of <code>http\://www.bungisoft.com</code>. 
license_1012_p=\ About porting the source code to another language (for example C\# or C++)\: converted source code (even if done manually) stays under the same copyright and license as the original code. The copyright of the ported source code does not (automatically) go to the person who ported the code. 
license_1013_h2=H2 License - Version 1.0
license_1014_h3=1. Definitions
license_1015_b=1.0.1. "Commercial Use"
license_1016_p=\ means distribution or otherwise making the Covered Code available to a third party. 
license_1017_b=1.1. "Contributor"
license_1018_p=\ means each entity that creates or contributes to the creation of Modifications. 
license_1019_b=1.2. "Contributor Version"
license_1020_p=\ means the combination of the Original Code, prior Modifications used by a Contributor, and the Modifications made by that particular Contributor. 
license_1021_b=1.3. "Covered Code"
license_1022_p=\ means the Original Code or Modifications or the combination of the Original Code and Modifications, in each case including portions thereof. 
license_1023_b=1.4. "Electronic Distribution Mechanism"
license_1024_p=\ means a mechanism generally accepted in the software development community for the electronic transfer of data. 
license_1025_b=1.5. "Executable"
license_1026_p=\ means Covered Code in any form other than Source Code. 
license_1027_b=1.6. "Initial Developer"
license_1028_p=\ means the individual or entity identified as the Initial Developer in the Source Code notice required by <a href\="\#exhibit-a">Exhibit A</a>. 
license_1029_b=1.7. "Larger Work"
license_1030_p=\ means a work which combines Covered Code or portions thereof with code not governed by the terms of this License. 
license_1031_b=1.8. "License"
license_1032_p=\ means this document. 
license_1033_b=1.8.1. "Licensable"
license_1034_p=\ means having the right to grant, to the maximum extent possible, whether at the time of the initial grant or subsequently acquired, any and all of the rights conveyed herein. 
license_1035_b=1.9. "Modifications"
license_1036_p=\ means any addition to or deletion from the substance or structure of either the Original Code or any previous Modifications. When Covered Code is released as a series of files, a Modification is\: 
license_1037_p=1.9.a. Any addition to or deletion from the contents of a file containing Original Code or previous Modifications. 
license_1038_p=1.9.b. Any new file that contains any part of the Original Code or previous Modifications. 
license_1039_b=1.10. "Original Code"
license_1040_p=\ means Source Code of computer software code which is described in the Source Code notice required by <a href\="\#exhibit-a">Exhibit A</a> as Original Code, and which, at the time of its release under this License is not already Covered Code governed by this License. 
license_1041_b=1.10.1. "Patent Claims"
license_1042_p=\ means any patent claim(s), now owned or hereafter acquired, including without limitation, method, process, and apparatus claims, in any patent Licensable by grantor. 
license_1043_b=1.11. "Source Code"
license_1044_p=\ means the preferred form of the Covered Code for making modifications to it, including all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, scripts used to control compilation and installation of an Executable, or source code differential comparisons against either the Original Code or another well known, available Covered Code of the Contributor's choice. The Source Code can be in a compressed or archival form, provided the appropriate decompression or de-archiving software is widely available for no charge. 
license_1045_b=1.12. "You" (or "Your")
license_1046_p=\ means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License or a future version of this License issued under <a href\="\#section-6.1">Section 6.1.</a> For legal entities, "You" includes any entity which controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with You. For purposes of this definition, "control" means (a) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (b) ownership of more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares or beneficial ownership of such entity. 
license_1047_h3=2. Source Code License
license_1048_h4=2.1. The Initial Developer Grant
license_1049_p=\ The Initial Developer hereby grants You a world-wide, royalty-free, non-exclusive license, subject to third party intellectual property claims\: 
license_1050_p=2.1.a. under intellectual property rights (other than patent or trademark) Licensable by Initial Developer to use, reproduce, modify, display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Original Code (or portions thereof) with or without Modifications, and/or as part of a Larger Work; and 
license_1051_p=2.1.b. under Patents Claims infringed by the making, using or selling of Original Code, to make, have made, use, practice, sell, and offer for sale, and/or otherwise dispose of the Original Code (or portions thereof). 
license_1052_p=2.1.c. the licenses granted in this Section 2.1 (<a href\="\#section-2.1-a">a</a>) and (<a href\="\#section-2.1-b">b</a>) are effective on the date Initial Developer first distributes Original Code under the terms of this License. 
license_1053_p=2.1.d. Notwithstanding Section 2.1 (<a href\="\#section-2.1-b">b</a>) above, no patent license is granted\: 1) for code that You delete from the Original Code; 2) separate from the Original Code; or 3) for infringements caused by\: i) the modification of the Original Code or ii) the combination of the Original Code with other software or devices. 
license_1054_h4=2.2. Contributor Grant
license_1055_p=\ Subject to third party intellectual property claims, each Contributor hereby grants You a world-wide, royalty-free, non-exclusive license 
license_1056_p=2.2.a. under intellectual property rights (other than patent or trademark) Licensable by Contributor, to use, reproduce, modify, display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Modifications created by such Contributor (or portions thereof) either on an unmodified basis, with other Modifications, as Covered Code and/or as part of a Larger Work; and 
license_1057_p=2.2.b. under Patent Claims infringed by the making, using, or selling of Modifications made by that Contributor either alone and/or in combination with its Contributor Version (or portions of such combination), to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and/or otherwise dispose of\: 1) Modifications made by that Contributor (or portions thereof); and 2) the combination of Modifications made by that Contributor with its Contributor Version (or portions of such combination). 
license_1058_p=2.2.c. the licenses granted in Sections 2.2 (<a href\="\#section-2.2-a">a</a>) and 2.2 (<a href\="\#section-2.2-b">b</a>) are effective on the date Contributor first makes Commercial Use of the Covered Code. 
license_1059_p=2.2.c. Notwithstanding Section 2.2 (<a href\="\#section-2.2-b">b</a>) above, no patent license is granted\: 1) for any code that Contributor has deleted from the Contributor Version; 2) separate from the Contributor Version; 3) for infringements caused by\: i) third party modifications of Contributor Version or ii) the combination of Modifications made by that Contributor with other software (except as part of the Contributor Version) or other devices; or 4) under Patent Claims infringed by Covered Code in the absence of Modifications made by that Contributor. 
license_1060_h3=3. Distribution Obligations
license_1061_h4=3.1. Application of License
license_1062_p=\ The Modifications which You create or to which You contribute are governed by the terms of this License, including without limitation Section <a href\="\#section-2.2">2.2</a>. The Source Code version of Covered Code may be distributed only under the terms of this License or a future version of this License released under Section <a href\="\#section-6.1">6.1</a>, and You must include a copy of this License with every copy of the Source Code You distribute. You may not offer or impose any terms on any Source Code version that alters or restricts the applicable version of this License or the recipients' rights hereunder. However, You may include an additional document offering the additional rights described in Section <a href\="\#section-3.5">3.5</a>. 
license_1063_h4=3.2. Availability of Source Code
license_1064_p=\ Any Modification which You create or to which You contribute must be made available in Source Code form under the terms of this License either on the same media as an Executable version or via an accepted Electronic Distribution Mechanism to anyone to whom you made an Executable version available; and if made available via Electronic Distribution Mechanism, must remain available for at least twelve (12) months after the date it initially became available, or at least six (6) months after a subsequent version of that particular Modification has been made available to such recipients. You are responsible for ensuring that the Source Code version remains available even if the Electronic Distribution Mechanism is maintained by a third party. 
license_1065_h4=3.3. Description of Modifications
license_1066_p=\ You must cause all Covered Code to which You contribute to contain a file documenting the changes You made to create that Covered Code and the date of any change. You must include a prominent statement that the Modification is derived, directly or indirectly, from Original Code provided by the Initial Developer and including the name of the Initial Developer in (a) the Source Code, and (b) in any notice in an Executable version or related documentation in which You describe the origin or ownership of the Covered Code. 
license_1067_h4=3.4. Intellectual Property Matters
license_1068_b=3.4.a. Third Party Claims\:
license_1069_p=\ If Contributor has knowledge that a license under a third party's intellectual property rights is required to exercise the rights granted by such Contributor under Sections <a href\="\#section-2.1">2.1</a> or <a href\="\#section-2.2">2.2</a>, Contributor must include a text file with the Source Code distribution titled "LEGAL" which describes the claim and the party making the claim in sufficient detail that a recipient will know whom to contact. If Contributor obtains such knowledge after the Modification is made available as described in Section <a href\="\#section-3.2">3.2</a>, Contributor shall promptly modify the LEGAL file in all copies Contributor makes available thereafter and shall take other steps (such as notifying appropriate mailing lists or newsgroups) reasonably calculated to inform those who received the Covered Code that new knowledge has been obtained. 
license_1070_b=3.4.b. Contributor APIs\:
license_1071_p=\ If Contributor's Modifications include an application programming interface and Contributor has knowledge of patent licenses which are reasonably necessary to implement that API, Contributor must also include this information in the legal file. 
license_1072_b=3.4.c. Representations\:
license_1073_p=\ Contributor represents that, except as disclosed pursuant to Section 3.4 (<a href\="\#section-3.4-a">a</a>) above, Contributor believes that Contributor's Modifications are Contributor's original creation(s) and/or Contributor has sufficient rights to grant the rights conveyed by this License. 
license_1074_h4=3.5. Required Notices
license_1075_p=\ You must duplicate the notice in <a href\="\#exhibit-a">Exhibit A</a> in each file of the Source Code. If it is not possible to put such notice in a particular Source Code file due to its structure, then You must include such notice in a location (such as a relevant directory) where a user would be likely to look for such a notice. If You created one or more Modification(s) You may add your name as a Contributor to the notice described in <a href\="\#exhibit-a">Exhibit A</a>. You must also duplicate this License in any documentation for the Source Code where You describe recipients' rights or ownership rights relating to Covered Code. You may choose to offer, and to charge a fee for, warranty, support, indemnity or liability obligations to one or more recipients of Covered Code. However, You may do so only on Your own behalf, and not on behalf of the Initial Developer or any Contributor. You must make it absolutely clear than any such warranty, support, indemnity or liability obligation is offered by You alone, and You hereby agree to indemnify the Initial Developer and every Contributor for any liability incurred by the Initial Developer or such Contributor as a result of warranty, support, indemnity or liability terms You offer. 
license_1076_h4=3.6. Distribution of Executable Versions
license_1077_p=\ You may distribute Covered Code in Executable form only if the requirements of Sections <a href\="\#section-3.1">3.1</a>, <a href\="\#section-3.2">3.2</a>, <a href\="\#section-3.3">3.3</a>, <a href\="\#section-3.4">3.4</a> and <a href\="\#section-3.5">3.5</a> have been met for that Covered Code, and if You include a notice stating that the Source Code version of the Covered Code is available under the terms of this License, including a description of how and where You have fulfilled the obligations of Section <a href\="\#section-3.2">3.2</a>. The notice must be conspicuously included in any notice in an Executable version, related documentation or collateral in which You describe recipients' rights relating to the Covered Code. You may distribute the Executable version of Covered Code or ownership rights under a license of Your choice, which may contain terms different from this License, provided that You are in compliance with the terms of this License and that the license for the Executable version does not attempt to limit or alter the recipient's rights in the Source Code version from the rights set forth in this License. If You distribute the Executable version under a different license You must make it absolutely clear that any terms which differ from this License are offered by You alone, not by the Initial Developer or any Contributor. You hereby agree to indemnify the Initial Developer and every Contributor for any liability incurred by the Initial Developer or such Contributor as a result of any such terms You offer. 
license_1078_h4=3.7. Larger Works
license_1079_p=\ You may create a Larger Work by combining Covered Code with other code not governed by the terms of this License and distribute the Larger Work as a single product. In such a case, You must make sure the requirements of this License are fulfilled for the Covered Code. 
license_1080_h3=4. Inability to Comply Due to Statute or Regulation.
license_1081_p=\ If it is impossible for You to comply with any of the terms of this License with respect to some or all of the Covered Code due to statute, judicial order, or regulation then You must\: (a) comply with the terms of this License to the maximum extent possible; and (b) describe the limitations and the code they affect. Such description must be included in the <b>legal</b> file described in Section <a href\="\#section-3.4">3.4</a> and must be included with all distributions of the Source Code. Except to the extent prohibited by statute or regulation, such description must be sufficiently detailed for a recipient of ordinary skill to be able to understand it. 
license_1082_h3=5. Application of this License.
license_1083_p=\ This License applies to code to which the Initial Developer has attached the notice in <a href\="\#exhibit-a">Exhibit A</a> and to related Covered Code. 
license_1084_h3=6. Versions of the License.
license_1085_h4=6.1. New Versions
license_1086_p=\ The 
license_1087_em=H2 Group</em> may publish revised and/or new versions of the License from time to time. Each version will be given a distinguishing version number. 
license_1088_h4=6.2. Effect of New Versions
license_1089_p=\ Once Covered Code has been published under a particular version of the License, You may always continue to use it under the terms of that version. You may also choose to use such Covered Code under the terms of any subsequent version of the License published by the 
license_1090_em=H2 Group</em>. No one other than the 
license_1091_em=H2 Group</em> has the right to modify the terms applicable to Covered Code created under this License. 
license_1092_h4=6.3. Derivative Works
license_1093_p=\ If You create or use a modified version of this License (which you may only do in order to apply it to code which is not already Covered Code governed by this License), You must (a) rename Your license so that the phrases 
license_1094_em="H2 Group", "H2"</em> or any confusingly similar phrase do not appear in your license (except to note that your license differs from this License) and (b) otherwise make it clear that Your version of the license contains terms which differ from the 
license_1095_em=H2 License</em>. (Filling in the name of the Initial Developer, Original Code or Contributor in the notice described in <a href\="\#exhibit-a">Exhibit A</a> shall not of themselves be deemed to be modifications of this License.) 
license_1096_h3=7. Disclaimer of Warranty
license_1097_p=\ Covered code is provided under this license on an "as is" basis, without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, without limitation, warranties that the covered code is free of defects, merchantable, fit for a particular purpose or non-infringing. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the covered code is with you. Should any covered code prove defective in any respect, you (not the initial developer or any other contributor) assume the cost of any necessary servicing, repair or correction. This disclaimer of warranty constitutes an essential part of this license. No use of any covered code is authorized hereunder except under this disclaimer. 
license_1098_h3=8. Termination
license_1099_p=8.1. This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate automatically if You fail to comply with terms herein and fail to cure such breach within 30 days of becoming aware of the breach. All sublicenses to the Covered Code which are properly granted shall survive any termination of this License. Provisions which, by their nature, must remain in effect beyond the termination of this License shall survive. 
license_1100_p=8.2. If You initiate litigation by asserting a patent infringement claim (excluding declaratory judgment actions) against Initial Developer or a Contributor (the Initial Developer or Contributor against whom You file such action is referred to as "Participant") alleging that\: 
license_1101_p=8.2.a. such Participant's Contributor Version directly or indirectly infringes any patent, then any and all rights granted by such Participant to You under Sections <a href\="\#section-2.1">2.1</a> and/or <a href\="\#section-2.2">2.2</a> of this License shall, upon 60 days notice from Participant terminate prospectively, unless if within 60 days after receipt of notice You either\: (i) agree in writing to pay Participant a mutually agreeable reasonable royalty for Your past and future use of Modifications made by such Participant, or (ii) withdraw Your litigation claim with respect to the Contributor Version against such Participant. If within 60 days of notice, a reasonable royalty and payment arrangement are not mutually agreed upon in writing by the parties or the litigation claim is not withdrawn, the rights granted by Participant to You under Sections <a href\="\#section-2.1">2.1</a> and/or <a href\="\#section-2.2">2.2</a> automatically terminate at the expiration of the 60 day notice period specified above. 
license_1102_p=8.2.b. any software, hardware, or device, other than such Participant's Contributor Version, directly or indirectly infringes any patent, then any rights granted to You by such Participant under Sections 2.1(<a href\="\#section-2.1-b">b</a>) and 2.2(<a href\="\#section-2.2-b">b</a>) are revoked effective as of the date You first made, used, sold, distributed, or had made, Modifications made by that Participant. 
license_1103_p=8.3. If You assert a patent infringement claim against Participant alleging that such Participant's Contributor Version directly or indirectly infringes any patent where such claim is resolved (such as by license or settlement) prior to the initiation of patent infringement litigation, then the reasonable value of the licenses granted by such Participant under Sections <a href\="\#section-2.1">2.1</a> or <a href\="\#section-2.2">2.2</a> shall be taken into account in determining the amount or value of any payment or license. 
license_1104_p=8.4. In the event of termination under Sections <a href\="\#section-8.1">8.1</a> or <a href\="\#section-8.2">8.2</a> above, all end user license agreements (excluding distributors and resellers) which have been validly granted by You or any distributor hereunder prior to termination shall survive termination. 
license_1105_h3=9. Limitation of Liability
license_1106_p=\ Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall you, the initial developer, any other contributor, or any distributor of covered code, or any supplier of any of such parties, be liable to any person for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses, even if such party shall have been informed of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall not apply to liability for death or personal injury resulting from such party's negligence to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation. Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so this exclusion and limitation may not apply to you. 
license_1107_h3=10. United States Government End Users
license_1108_p=\ The Covered Code is a "commercial item", as that term is defined in 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (October 1995), consisting of "commercial computer software" and "commercial computer software documentation", as such terms are used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (September 1995). Consistent with 48 C.F.R. 12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4 (June 1995), all U.S. Government End Users acquire Covered Code with only those rights set forth herein. 
license_1109_h3=11. Miscellaneous
license_1110_p=\ This License represents the complete agreement concerning subject matter hereof. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable. This License shall be governed by California law provisions (except to the extent applicable law, if any, provides otherwise), excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. With respect to disputes in which at least one party is a citizen of, or an entity chartered or registered to do business in United States of America, any litigation relating to this License shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Courts of the Northern District of California, with venue lying in Santa Clara County, California, with the losing party responsible for costs, including without limitation, court costs and reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any law or regulation which provides that the language of a contract shall be construed against the drafter shall not apply to this License. 
license_1111_h3=12. Responsibility for Claims
license_1112_p=\ As between Initial Developer and the Contributors, each party is responsible for claims and damages arising, directly or indirectly, out of its utilization of rights under this License and You agree to work with Initial Developer and Contributors to distribute such responsibility on an equitable basis. Nothing herein is intended or shall be deemed to constitute any admission of liability. 
license_1113_h3=13. Multiple-Licensed Code
license_1114_p=\ Initial Developer may designate portions of the Covered Code as "Multiple-Licensed". "Multiple-Licensed" means that the Initial Developer permits you to utilize portions of the Covered Code under Your choice of this or the alternative licenses, if any, specified by the Initial Developer in the file described in <a href\="\#exhibit-a">Exhibit A</a>. 
license_1115_h3=Exhibit A
license_1116_h2=Eclipse Public License - Version 1.0
license_1117_p=\ THE ACCOMPANYING PROGRAM IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS ECLIPSE PUBLIC LICENSE ("AGREEMENT"). ANY USE, REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM CONSTITUTES RECIPIENT'S ACCEPTANCE OF THIS AGREEMENT. 
license_1118_h3=1. DEFINITIONS
license_1119_p=\ "Contribution" means\: 
license_1120_p=\ a) in the case of the initial Contributor, the initial code and documentation distributed under this Agreement, and 
license_1121_p=\ b) in the case of each subsequent Contributor\: 
license_1122_p=\ i) changes to the Program, and 
license_1123_p=\ ii) additions to the Program; 
license_1124_p=\ where such changes and/or additions to the Program originate from and are distributed by that particular Contributor. A Contribution 'originates' from a Contributor if it was added to the Program by such Contributor itself or anyone acting on such Contributor's behalf. Contributions do not include additions to the Program which\: (i) are separate modules of software distributed in conjunction with the Program under their own license agreement, and (ii) are not derivative works of the Program. 
license_1125_p=\ "Contributor" means any person or entity that distributes the Program. 
license_1126_p=\ "Licensed Patents " mean patent claims licensable by a Contributor which are necessarily infringed by the use or sale of its Contribution alone or when combined with the Program. 
license_1127_p=\ "Program" means the Contributions distributed in accordance with this Agreement. 
license_1128_p=\ "Recipient" means anyone who receives the Program under this Agreement, including all Contributors. 
license_1129_h3=2. GRANT OF RIGHTS
license_1130_p=\ a) Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each Contributor hereby grants Recipient a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, distribute and sublicense the Contribution of such Contributor, if any, and such derivative works, in source code and object code form. 
license_1131_p=\ b) Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each Contributor hereby grants Recipient a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under Licensed Patents to make, use, sell, offer to sell, import and otherwise transfer the Contribution of such Contributor, if any, in source code and object code form. This patent license shall apply to the combination of the Contribution and the Program if, at the time the Contribution is added by the Contributor, such addition of the Contribution causes such combination to be covered by the Licensed Patents. The patent license shall not apply to any other combinations which include the Contribution. No hardware per se is licensed hereunder. 
license_1132_p=\ c) Recipient understands that although each Contributor grants the licenses to its Contributions set forth herein, no assurances are provided by any Contributor that the Program does not infringe the patent or other intellectual property rights of any other entity. Each Contributor disclaims any liability to Recipient for claims brought by any other entity based on infringement of intellectual property rights or otherwise. As a condition to exercising the rights and licenses granted hereunder, each Recipient hereby assumes sole responsibility to secure any other intellectual property rights needed, if any. For example, if a third party patent license is required to allow Recipient to distribute the Program, it is Recipient's responsibility to acquire that license before distributing the Program. 
license_1133_p=\ d) Each Contributor represents that to its knowledge it has sufficient copyright rights in its Contribution, if any, to grant the copyright license set forth in this Agreement. 
license_1134_h3=3. REQUIREMENTS
license_1135_p=\ A Contributor may choose to distribute the Program in object code form under its own license agreement, provided that\: 
license_1136_p=\ a) it complies with the terms and conditions of this Agreement; and 
license_1137_p=\ b) its license agreement\: 
license_1138_p=\ i) effectively disclaims on behalf of all Contributors all warranties and conditions, express and implied, including warranties or conditions of title and non-infringement, and implied warranties or conditions of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose; 
license_1139_p=\ ii) effectively excludes on behalf of all Contributors all liability for damages, including direct, indirect, special, incidental and consequential damages, such as lost profits; 
license_1140_p=\ iii) states that any provisions which differ from this Agreement are offered by that Contributor alone and not by any other party; and 
license_1141_p=\ iv) states that source code for the Program is available from such Contributor, and informs licensees how to obtain it in a reasonable manner on or through a medium customarily used for software exchange. 
license_1142_p=\ When the Program is made available in source code form\: 
license_1143_p=\ a) it must be made available under this Agreement; and 
license_1144_p=\ b) a copy of this Agreement must be included with each copy of the Program. 
license_1145_p=\ Contributors may not remove or alter any copyright notices contained within the Program. 
license_1146_p=\ Each Contributor must identify itself as the originator of its Contribution, if any, in a manner that reasonably allows subsequent Recipients to identify the originator of the Contribution. 
license_1147_h3=4. COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION
license_1148_p=\ Commercial distributors of software may accept certain responsibilities with respect to end users, business partners and the like. While this license is intended to facilitate the commercial use of the Program, the Contributor who includes the Program in a commercial product offering should do so in a manner which does not create potential liability for other Contributors. Therefore, if a Contributor includes the Program in a commercial product offering, such Contributor ("Commercial Contributor") hereby agrees to defend and indemnify every other Contributor ("Indemnified Contributor") against any losses, damages and costs (collectively "Losses") arising from claims, lawsuits and other legal actions brought by a third party against the Indemnified Contributor to the extent caused by the acts or omissions of such Commercial Contributor in connection with its distribution of the Program in a commercial product offering. The obligations in this section do not apply to any claims or Losses relating to any actual or alleged intellectual property infringement. In order to qualify, an Indemnified Contributor must\: a) promptly notify the Commercial Contributor in writing of such claim, and b) allow the Commercial Contributor to control, and cooperate with the Commercial Contributor in, the defense and any related settlement negotiations. The Indemnified Contributor may participate in any such claim at its own expense. 
license_1149_p=\ For example, a Contributor might include the Program in a commercial product offering, Product X. That Contributor is then a Commercial Contributor. If that Commercial Contributor then makes performance claims, or offers warranties related to Product X, those performance claims and warranties are such Commercial Contributor's responsibility alone. Under this section, the Commercial Contributor would have to defend claims against the other Contributors related to those performance claims and warranties, and if a court requires any other Contributor to pay any damages as a result, the Commercial Contributor must pay those damages. 
license_1150_h3=5. NO WARRANTY
license_1151_p=\ EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, THE PROGRAM IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Each Recipient is solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using and distributing the Program and assumes all risks associated with its exercise of rights under this Agreement, including but not limited to the risks and costs of program errors, compliance with applicable laws, damage to or loss of data, programs or equipment, and unavailability or interruption of operations. 
license_1152_h3=6. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY
license_1153_p=\ EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER RECIPIENT NOR ANY CONTRIBUTORS SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST PROFITS), HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM OR THE EXERCISE OF ANY RIGHTS GRANTED HEREUNDER, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 
license_1154_h3=7. GENERAL
license_1155_p=\ If any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of the terms of this Agreement, and without further action by the parties hereto, such provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable. 
license_1156_p=\ If Recipient institutes patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Program itself (excluding combinations of the Program with other software or hardware) infringes such Recipient's patent(s), then such Recipient's rights granted under Section 2(b) shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed. 
license_1157_p=\ All Recipient's rights under this Agreement shall terminate if it fails to comply with any of the material terms or conditions of this Agreement and does not cure such failure in a reasonable period of time after becoming aware of such noncompliance. If all Recipient's rights under this Agreement terminate, Recipient agrees to cease use and distribution of the Program as soon as reasonably practicable. However, Recipient's obligations under this Agreement and any licenses granted by Recipient relating to the Program shall continue and survive. 
license_1158_p=\ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute copies of this Agreement, but in order to avoid inconsistency the Agreement is copyrighted and may only be modified in the following manner. The Agreement Steward reserves the right to publish new versions (including revisions) of this Agreement from time to time. No one other than the Agreement Steward has the right to modify this Agreement. The Eclipse Foundation is the initial Agreement Steward. The Eclipse Foundation may assign the responsibility to serve as the Agreement Steward to a suitable separate entity. Each new version of the Agreement will be given a distinguishing version number. The Program (including Contributions) may always be distributed subject to the version of the Agreement under which it was received. In addition, after a new version of the Agreement is published, Contributor may elect to distribute the Program (including its Contributions) under the new version. Except as expressly stated in Sections 2(a) and 2(b) above, Recipient receives no rights or licenses to the intellectual property of any Contributor under this Agreement, whether expressly, by implication, estoppel or otherwise. All rights in the Program not expressly granted under this Agreement are reserved. 
license_1159_p=\ This Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of New York and the intellectual property laws of the United States of America. No party to this Agreement will bring a legal action under this Agreement more than one year after the cause of action arose. Each party waives its rights to a jury trial in any resulting litigation. 
links_1000_h1=H2 In Use and Links
links_1001_p=\ Listed below are just a few links to products using or supporting H2. If you want to add a link, please send it to the support email address or post it to the group. 
links_1002_a=\ Books
links_1003_a=\ Extensions
links_1004_a=\ Blog Articles
links_1005_a=\ Database Frontends / Tools
links_1006_a=\ Products and Projects
links_1007_h2=Books
links_1008_a=\ Seam In Action
links_1009_h2=Extensions
links_1010_a=\ Grails H2 Database Plugin
links_1011_a=\ h2osgi\: OSGi for the H2 Database
links_1012_a=\ H2Sharp\: ADO.NET interface for the H2 database engine
links_1013_a=\ H2 Spatial\: spatial functions to H2 database
links_1014_h2=Blog Articles
links_1015_a=\ Analyzing CSVs with H2 in under 10 minutes (2009-12-07)
links_1016_a=\ Efficient sorting and iteration on large databases (2009-06-15)
links_1017_a=\ Porting Flexive to the H2 Database (2008-12-05)
links_1018_a=\ H2 Database with GlassFish (2008-11-24)
links_1019_a=\ Using H2 Database with Glassfish and Toplink (2008-08-07)
links_1020_a=\ H2 Database - Performance Tracing (2008-04-30)
links_1021_a=\ Testing your JDBC data access layer with DBUnit and H2 (2007-09-18)
links_1022_a=\ Open Source Databases Comparison (2007-09-11)
links_1023_a=\ The Codist\: The Open Source Frameworks I Use (2007-07-23)
links_1024_a=\ The Codist\: SQL Injections\: How Not To Get Stuck (2007-05-08)
links_1025_a=\ One Man Band\: (Helma + H2) \=\= "to easy" (2007-03-11)
links_1026_a=\ David Coldrick's Weblog\: New Version of H2 Database Released (2007-01-06)
links_1027_a=\ The Codist\: Write Your Own Database, Again (2006-11-13)
links_1028_h2=Project Pages
links_1029_a=\ Ohloh
links_1030_a=\ Freshmeat Project Page
links_1031_a=\ Free Open Source Software For Us
links_1032_a=\ Wikipedia
links_1033_a=\ Java Source Net
links_1034_a=\ Linux Package Manager
links_1035_h2=Database Frontends / Tools
links_1036_a=\ DB Solo
links_1037_p=\ SQL query tool. 
links_1038_a=\ DbVisualizer
links_1039_p=\ Database tool. 
links_1040_a=\ Execute Query
links_1041_p=\ Database utility written in Java. 
links_1042_a=\ [fleXive]
links_1043_p=\ JavaEE 5 open source framework for the development of complex and evolving (web-)applications. 
links_1044_a=\ HenPlus
links_1045_p=\ HenPlus is a SQL shell written in Java. 
links_1046_a=\ OpenOffice
links_1047_p=\ Base is OpenOffice.org's database application. It provides access to relational data sources. 
links_1048_a=\ RazorSQL
links_1049_p=\ An SQL query tool, database browser, SQL editor, and database administration tool. 
links_1050_a=\ SQL Developer
links_1051_p=\ Universal Database Frontend. 
links_1052_a=\ SQL Workbench/J
links_1053_p=\ Free DBMS-independent SQL tool. 
links_1054_a=\ SQuirreL SQL Client
links_1055_p=\ Graphical tool to view the structure of a database, browse the data, issue SQL commands etc. 
links_1056_a=\ SQuirreL DB Copy Plugin
links_1057_p=\ Tool to copy data from one database to another. 
links_1058_h2=Products and Projects
links_1059_a=\ AccuProcess
links_1060_p=\ Visual business process modeling and simulation software for business users. 
links_1061_a=\ Adeptia BPM
links_1062_p=\ A Business Process Management (BPM) suite to quickly and easily automate business processes and workflows. 
links_1063_a=\ Adeptia Integration
links_1064_p=\ Process-centric, services-based application integration suite. 
links_1065_a=\ Aejaks
links_1066_p=\ A server-side scripting environment to build AJAX enabled web applications. 
links_1067_a=\ Axiom Stack
links_1068_p=\ A web framework that let's you write dynamic web applications with Zen-like simplicity. 
links_1069_a=\ Apache Cayenne
links_1070_p=\ Open source persistence framework providing object-relational mapping (ORM) and remoting services. 
links_1071_a=\ Apache Jackrabbit
links_1072_p=\ Open source implementation of the Java Content Repository API (JCR). 
links_1073_a=\ Apache OpenJPA
links_1074_p=\ Open source implementation of the Java Persistence API (JPA). 
links_1075_a=\ AppFuse
links_1076_p=\ Helps building web applications. 
links_1077_a=\ BGBlitz
links_1078_p=\ The Swiss army knife of Backgammon. 
links_1079_a=\ Blojsom
links_1080_p=\ Java-based multi-blog, multi-user software package (Mac OS X Weblog Server). 
links_1081_a=\ Bonita
links_1082_p=\ Open source workflow solution for handing long-running, user-oriented processes providing out of the box workflow and business process management features. 
links_1083_a=\ Bookmarks Portlet
links_1084_p=\ JSR 168 compliant bookmarks management portlet application. 
links_1085_a=\ Claros inTouch
links_1086_p=\ Ajax communication suite with mail, addresses, notes, IM, and rss reader. 
links_1087_a=\ CrashPlan PRO Server
links_1088_p=\ Easy and cross platform backup solution for business and service providers. 
links_1089_a=\ DbUnit
links_1090_p=\ A JUnit extension (also usable with Ant) targeted for database-driven projects. 
links_1091_a=\ DiffKit
links_1092_p=\ DiffKit is a tool for comparing two tables of data, field-by-field. DiffKit is like the Unix diff utility, but for tables instead of lines of text. 
links_1093_a=\ Dinamica Framework
links_1094_p=\ Ajax/J2EE framework for RAD development (mainly oriented toward hispanic markets). 
links_1095_a=\ District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS)
links_1096_p=\ The DHIS 2 is a tool for collection, validation, analysis, and presentation of aggregate statistical data, tailored (but not limited) to integrated health information management activities. 
links_1097_a=\ Ebean ORM Persistence Layer
links_1098_p=\ Open source Java Object Relational Mapping tool. 
links_1099_a=\ Eclipse CDO
links_1100_p=\ The CDO (Connected Data Objects) Model Repository is a distributed shared model framework for EMF models, and a fast server-based O/R mapping solution. 
links_1101_a=\ Epictetus
links_1102_p=\ Free cross platform database tool. 
links_1103_a=\ Fabric3
links_1104_p=\ Fabric3 is a project implementing a federated service network based on the Service Component Architecture specification (http\://www.osoa.org). 
links_1105_a=\ FIT4Data
links_1106_p=\ A testing framework for data management applications built on the Java implementation of FIT. 
links_1107_a=\ Flux
links_1108_p=\ Java job scheduler, file transfer, workflow, and BPM. 
links_1109_a=\ GeoServer
links_1110_p=\ GeoServer is a Java-based software server that allows users to view and edit geospatial data. Using open standards set forth by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), GeoServer allows for great flexibility in map creation and data sharing. 
links_1111_a=\ GBIF Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT)
links_1112_p=\ The GBIF IPT is an open source, Java based web application that connects and serves three types of biodiversity data\: taxon primary occurrence data, taxon checklists and general resource metadata. 
links_1113_a=\ GNU Gluco Control
links_1114_p=\ Helps you to manage your diabetes. 
links_1115_a=\ Golden T Studios
links_1116_p=\ Fun-to-play games with a simple interface. 
links_1117_a=\ Group Session
links_1118_p=\ Open source web groupware. 
links_1119_a=\ HA-JDBC
links_1120_p=\ High-Availability JDBC\: A JDBC proxy that provides light-weight, transparent, fault tolerant clustering capability to any underlying JDBC driver. 
links_1121_a=\ Harbor
links_1122_p=\ Pojo Application Server. 
links_1123_a=\ Hibernate
links_1124_p=\ Relational persistence for idiomatic Java (O-R mapping tool). 
links_1125_a=\ Hibicius
links_1126_p=\ Online Banking Client for the HBCI protocol. 
links_1127_a=\ ImageMapper
links_1128_p=\ ImageMapper frees users from having to use file browsers to view their images. They get fast access to images and easy cataloguing of them via a user friendly interface. 
links_1129_a=\ JAMWiki
links_1130_p=\ Java-based Wiki engine. 
links_1131_a=\ Jala
links_1132_p=\ Open source collection of JavaScript modules. 
links_1133_a=\ Java Simon
links_1134_p=\ Simple Monitoring API. 
links_1135_a=\ JBoss jBPM
links_1136_p=\ A platform for executable process languages ranging from business process management (BPM) over workflow to service orchestration. 
links_1137_a=\ JBoss Jopr
links_1138_p=\ An enterprise management solution for JBoss middleware projects and other application technologies. 
links_1139_a=\ JGeocoder
links_1140_p=\ Free Java geocoder. Geocoding is the process of estimating a latitude and longitude for a given location. 
links_1141_a=\ JGrass
links_1142_p=\ Java Geographic Resources Analysis Support System. Free, multi platform, open source GIS based on the GIS framework of uDig. 
links_1143_a=\ Jena
links_1144_p=\ Java framework for building Semantic Web applications. 
links_1145_a=\ JMatter
links_1146_p=\ Framework for constructing workgroup business applications based on the Naked Objects Architectural Pattern. 
links_1147_a=\ jOOQ (Java Object Oriented Querying)
links_1148_p=\ jOOQ takes your database schema as a base for code generation. 
links_1149_a=\ JotBot
links_1150_p=\ Records your day at user defined intervals. 
links_1151_a=\ JPOX
links_1152_p=\ Java persistent objects. 
links_1153_a=\ Liftweb
links_1154_p=\ A Scala-based, secure, developer friendly web framework. 
links_1155_a=\ LiquiBase
links_1156_p=\ A tool to manage database changes and refactorings. 
links_1157_a=\ Luntbuild
links_1158_p=\ Build automation and management tool. 
links_1159_a=\ localdb
links_1160_p=\ A tool that locates the full file path of the folder containing the database files. 
links_1161_a=\ Magnolia
links_1162_p=\ Microarray Data Management and Export System for PFGRC (Pathogen Functional Genomics Resource Center) Microarrays. 
links_1163_a=\ MiniConnectionPoolManager
links_1164_p=\ A lightweight standalone JDBC connection pool manager. 
links_1165_a=\ Mr. Persister
links_1166_p=\ Simple, small and fast object relational mapping. 
links_1167_a=\ Myna Application Server
links_1168_p=\ Java web app that provides dynamic web content and Java libraries access from JavaScript. 
links_1169_a=\ MyTunesRss
links_1170_p=\ MyTunesRSS lets you listen to your music wherever you are. 
links_1171_a=\ NCGC CurveFit
links_1172_p=\ From\: NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, USA. An open source application in the life sciences research field. This application handles chemical structures and biological responses of thousands of compounds with the potential to handle million+ compounds. It utilizes an embedded H2 database to enable flexible query/retrieval of all data including advanced chemical substructure and similarity searching. The application highlights an automated curve fitting and classification algorithm that outperforms commercial packages in the field. Commercial alternatives are typically small desktop software that handle a few dose response curves at a time. A couple of commercial packages that do handle several thousand curves are very expensive tools (&gt;60k USD) that require manual curation of analysis by the user; require a license to Oracle; lack advanced query/retrieval; and the ability to handle chemical structures. 
links_1173_a=\ Nuxeo
links_1174_p=\ Standards-based, open source platform for building ECM applications. 
links_1175_a=\ nWire
links_1176_p=\ Eclipse plug-in which expedites Java development. It's main purpose is to help developers find code quicker and easily understand how it relates to the rest of the application, thus, understand the application structure. 
links_1177_a=\ Ontology Works
links_1178_p=\ This company provides semantic technologies including deductive information repositories (the Ontology Works Knowledge Servers), semantic information fusion and semantic federation of legacy databases, ontology-based domain modeling, and management of the distributed enterprise. 
links_1179_a=\ Ontoprise OntoBroker
links_1180_p=\ SemanticWeb-Middleware. It supports all W3C Semantic Web recommendations\: OWL, RDF, RDFS, SPARQL, and F-Logic. 
links_1181_a=\ Open Anzo
links_1182_p=\ Semantic Application Server. 
links_1183_a=\ OpenTelegard
links_1184_p=\ An OpenSource BBS Software written in JRuby. 
links_1185_a=\ OpenGroove
links_1186_p=\ OpenGroove is a groupware program that allows users to synchronize data. 
links_1187_a=\ OpenSocial Development Environment (OSDE)
links_1188_p=\ Development tool for OpenSocial application. 
links_1189_a=\ Orion
links_1190_p=\ J2EE Application Server. 
links_1191_a=\ P5H2
links_1192_p=\ A library for the <a href\="http\://www.processing.org">Processing</a> programming language and environment. 
links_1193_a=\ Phase-6
links_1194_p=\ A computer based learning software. 
links_1195_a=\ Pickle
links_1196_p=\ Pickle is a Java library containing classes for persistence, concurrency, and logging. 
links_1197_a=\ Piman
links_1198_p=\ Water treatment projects data management. 
links_1199_a=\ PolePosition
links_1200_p=\ Open source database benchmark. 
links_1201_a=\ Poormans
links_1202_p=\ Very basic CMS running as a SWT application and generating static html pages. 
links_1203_a=\ Railo
links_1204_p=\ Railo is an alternative engine for the Cold Fusion Markup Language, that compiles code programmed in CFML into Java bytecode and executes it on a servlet engine. 
links_1205_a=\ Razuna
links_1206_p=\ Open source Digital Asset Management System with integrated Web Content Management. 
links_1207_a=\ RIFE
links_1208_p=\ A full-stack web application framework with tools and APIs to implement most common web features. 
links_1209_a=\ Rutema
links_1210_p=\ Rutema is a test execution and management tool for heterogeneous development environments written in Ruby. 
links_1211_a=\ Sava
links_1212_p=\ Open-source web-based content management system. 
links_1213_a=\ Scriptella
links_1214_p=\ ETL (Extract-Transform-Load) and script execution tool. 
links_1215_a=\ Sesar
links_1216_p=\ Dependency Injection Container with Aspect Oriented Programming. 
links_1217_a=\ SemmleCode
links_1218_p=\ Eclipse plugin to help you improve software quality. 
links_1219_a=\ SeQuaLite
links_1220_p=\ A free, light-weight, java data access framework. 
links_1221_a=\ ShapeLogic
links_1222_p=\ Toolkit for declarative programming, image processing and computer vision. 
links_1223_a=\ Shellbook
links_1224_p=\ Desktop publishing application. 
links_1225_a=\ Signsoft intelliBO
links_1226_p=\ Persistence middleware supporting the JDO specification. 
links_1227_a=\ SimpleORM
links_1228_p=\ Simple Java Object Relational Mapping. 
links_1229_a=\ SymmetricDS
links_1230_p=\ A web-enabled, database independent, data synchronization/replication software. 
links_1231_a=\ SmartFoxServer
links_1232_p=\ Platform for developing multiuser applications and games with Macromedia Flash. 
links_1233_a=\ Social Bookmarks Friend Finder
links_1234_p=\ A GUI application that allows you to find users with similar bookmarks to the user specified (for delicious.com). 
links_1235_a=\ Springfuse
links_1236_p=\ Code generation For Spring, Spring MVC &amp; Hibernate. 
links_1237_a=\ SQLOrm
links_1238_p=\ Java Object Relation Mapping. 
links_1239_a=\ StorYBook
links_1240_p=\ A summary-based tool for novelist and script writers. It helps to keep the overview over the various traces a story has. 
links_1241_a=\ StreamCruncher
links_1242_p=\ Event (stream) processing kernel. 
links_1243_a=\ Tune Backup
links_1244_p=\ Easy-to-use backup solution for your iTunes library. 
links_1245_a=\ weblica
links_1246_p=\ Desktop CMS. 
links_1247_a=\ Web of Web
links_1248_p=\ Collaborative and realtime interactive media platform for the web. 
links_1249_a=\ Werkzeugkasten
links_1250_p=\ Minimum Java Toolset. 
links_1251_a=\ VPDA
links_1252_p=\ View providers driven applications is a Java based application framework for building applications composed from server components - view providers. 
links_1253_a=\ Volunteer database
links_1254_p=\ A database front end to register volunteers, partnership and donation for a Non Profit organization. 
mainWeb_1000_h1=H2 Database Engine
mainWeb_1001_p=\ Welcome to H2, the Java SQL database. The main features of H2 are\: 
mainWeb_1002_li=Very fast, open source, JDBC API 
mainWeb_1003_li=Embedded and server modes; in-memory databases 
mainWeb_1004_li=Browser based Console application 
mainWeb_1005_li=Small footprint\: around 1 MB jar file size 
mainWeb_1006_h2=Download
mainWeb_1007_td=\ Version 1.3.148 (2010-12-12), Beta 
mainWeb_1008_a=Windows Installer (4 MB)
mainWeb_1009_a=All Platforms (zip, 5 MB)
mainWeb_1010_a=All Downloads
mainWeb_1011_td=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
mainWeb_1012_h2=Support
mainWeb_1013_a=Google Group English
mainWeb_1014_p=, <a href\="http\://groups.google.co.jp/group/h2-database-jp">Japanese</a>
mainWeb_1015_a=Stack Overflow (tag H2)
mainWeb_1016_p=\ For non-technical issues, use\: 
mainWeb_1017_h2=Features
mainWeb_1018_th=H2
mainWeb_1019_a=Derby
mainWeb_1020_a=HSQLDB
mainWeb_1021_a=MySQL
mainWeb_1022_a=PostgreSQL
mainWeb_1023_td=Pure Java
mainWeb_1024_td=Yes
mainWeb_1025_td=Yes
mainWeb_1026_td=Yes
mainWeb_1027_td=No
mainWeb_1028_td=No
mainWeb_1029_td=Memory Mode
mainWeb_1030_td=Yes
mainWeb_1031_td=Yes
mainWeb_1032_td=Yes
mainWeb_1033_td=No
mainWeb_1034_td=No
mainWeb_1035_td=Encrypted Database
mainWeb_1036_td=Yes
mainWeb_1037_td=Yes
mainWeb_1038_td=Yes
mainWeb_1039_td=No
mainWeb_1040_td=No
mainWeb_1041_td=ODBC Driver
mainWeb_1042_td=Yes
mainWeb_1043_td=No
mainWeb_1044_td=No
mainWeb_1045_td=Yes
mainWeb_1046_td=Yes
mainWeb_1047_td=Fulltext Search
mainWeb_1048_td=Yes
mainWeb_1049_td=No
mainWeb_1050_td=No
mainWeb_1051_td=Yes
mainWeb_1052_td=Yes
mainWeb_1053_td=Multi Version Concurrency
mainWeb_1054_td=Yes
mainWeb_1055_td=No
mainWeb_1056_td=Yes
mainWeb_1057_td=Yes
mainWeb_1058_td=Yes
mainWeb_1059_td=Footprint (jar/dll size)
mainWeb_1060_td=~1 MB
mainWeb_1061_td=~2 MB
mainWeb_1062_td=~1 MB
mainWeb_1063_td=~4 MB
mainWeb_1064_td=~6 MB
mainWeb_1065_p=\ See also the <a href\="features.html\#comparison">detailed comparison</a>. 
mainWeb_1066_h2=News
mainWeb_1067_b=Newsfeeds\:
mainWeb_1068_a=Full text (Atom)
mainWeb_1069_p=\ or <a href\="http\://www.h2database.com/html/newsfeed-rss.xml">Header only (RSS)</a>. 
mainWeb_1070_b=Email Newsletter\:
mainWeb_1071_p=\ Subscribe to <a href\="http\://groups.google.com/group/h2database-news/subscribe"> H2 Database News (Google account required)</a> to get informed about new releases. Your email address is only used in this context. 
mainWeb_1072_td=&nbsp;
mainWeb_1073_h2=Contribute
mainWeb_1074_p=\ You can contribute to the development of H2 by sending feedback and bug reports, or translate the H2 Console application (for details, start the H2 Console and select Options / Translate). To donate money, click on the PayPal button below. You will be listed as a supporter\: 
main_1000_h1=H2 Database Engine
main_1001_p=\ Welcome to H2, the free Java SQL database engine. 
main_1002_a=Quickstart
main_1003_p=\ Get a fast overview. 
main_1004_a=Tutorial
main_1005_p=\ Go through the samples. 
main_1006_a=Features
main_1007_p=\ See what this database can do and how to use these features. 
performance_1000_h1=Performance
performance_1001_a=\ Performance Comparison
performance_1002_a=\ PolePosition Benchmark
performance_1003_a=\ Database Performance Tuning
performance_1004_a=\ Using the Built-In Profiler
performance_1005_a=\ Application Profiling
performance_1006_a=\ Database Profiling
performance_1007_a=\ Statement Execution Plans
performance_1008_a=\ Fast Database Import
performance_1009_h2=Performance Comparison
performance_1010_p=\ In many cases H2 is faster than other (open source and not open source) database engines. Please note this is mostly a single connection benchmark run on one computer. 
performance_1011_h3=Embedded
performance_1012_th=Test Case
performance_1013_th=Unit
performance_1014_th=H2
performance_1015_th=HSQLDB
performance_1016_th=Derby
performance_1017_td=Simple\: Init
performance_1018_td=ms
performance_1019_td=241
performance_1020_td=431
performance_1021_td=1027
performance_1022_td=Simple\: Query (random)
performance_1023_td=ms
performance_1024_td=193
performance_1025_td=267
performance_1026_td=748
performance_1027_td=Simple\: Query (sequential)
performance_1028_td=ms
performance_1029_td=89
performance_1030_td=179
performance_1031_td=658
performance_1032_td=Simple\: Update (random)
performance_1033_td=ms
performance_1034_td=406
performance_1035_td=772
performance_1036_td=12175
performance_1037_td=Simple\: Delete (sequential)
performance_1038_td=ms
performance_1039_td=155
performance_1040_td=266
performance_1041_td=6281
performance_1042_td=Simple\: Memory Usage
performance_1043_td=MB
performance_1044_td=7
performance_1045_td=13
performance_1046_td=16
performance_1047_td=BenchA\: Init
performance_1048_td=ms
performance_1049_td=200
performance_1050_td=251
performance_1051_td=1075
performance_1052_td=BenchA\: Transactions
performance_1053_td=ms
performance_1054_td=1071
performance_1055_td=1458
performance_1056_td=8142
performance_1057_td=BenchA\: Memory Usage
performance_1058_td=MB
performance_1059_td=8
performance_1060_td=14
performance_1061_td=12
performance_1062_td=BenchB\: Init
performance_1063_td=ms
performance_1064_td=787
performance_1065_td=1584
performance_1066_td=4163
performance_1067_td=BenchB\: Transactions
performance_1068_td=ms
performance_1069_td=465
performance_1070_td=875
performance_1071_td=2744
performance_1072_td=BenchB\: Memory Usage
performance_1073_td=MB
performance_1074_td=17
performance_1075_td=13
performance_1076_td=10
performance_1077_td=BenchC\: Init
performance_1078_td=ms
performance_1079_td=348
performance_1080_td=225
performance_1081_td=922
performance_1082_td=BenchC\: Transactions
performance_1083_td=ms
performance_1084_td=1382
performance_1085_td=865
performance_1086_td=3527
performance_1087_td=BenchC\: Memory Usage
performance_1088_td=MB
performance_1089_td=12
performance_1090_td=20
performance_1091_td=11
performance_1092_td=Executed statements
performance_1093_td=\#
performance_1094_td=322929
performance_1095_td=322929
performance_1096_td=322929
performance_1097_td=Total time
performance_1098_td=ms
performance_1099_td=5337
performance_1100_td=7173
performance_1101_td=41462
performance_1102_td=Statements per second
performance_1103_td=\#
performance_1104_td=60507
performance_1105_td=45020
performance_1106_td=7788
performance_1107_h3=Client-Server
performance_1108_th=Test Case
performance_1109_th=Unit
performance_1110_th=H2
performance_1111_th=HSQLDB
performance_1112_th=Derby
performance_1113_th=PostgreSQL
performance_1114_th=MySQL
performance_1115_td=Simple\: Init
performance_1116_td=ms
performance_1117_td=1715
performance_1118_td=2096
performance_1119_td=3008
performance_1120_td=3093
performance_1121_td=3084
performance_1122_td=Simple\: Query (random)
performance_1123_td=ms
performance_1124_td=2615
performance_1125_td=2119
performance_1126_td=4450
performance_1127_td=3201
performance_1128_td=3313
performance_1129_td=Simple\: Query (sequential)
performance_1130_td=ms
performance_1131_td=2531
performance_1132_td=1944
performance_1133_td=4019
performance_1134_td=3163
performance_1135_td=3295
performance_1136_td=Simple\: Update (random)
performance_1137_td=ms
performance_1138_td=1862
performance_1139_td=2486
performance_1140_td=13929
performance_1141_td=4404
performance_1142_td=4391
performance_1143_td=Simple\: Delete (sequential)
performance_1144_td=ms
performance_1145_td=778
performance_1146_td=1118
performance_1147_td=7032
performance_1148_td=1682
performance_1149_td=1882
performance_1150_td=Simple\: Memory Usage
performance_1151_td=MB
performance_1152_td=8
performance_1153_td=14
performance_1154_td=18
performance_1155_td=1
performance_1156_td=2
performance_1157_td=BenchA\: Init
performance_1158_td=ms
performance_1159_td=1264
performance_1160_td=1686
performance_1161_td=2734
performance_1162_td=2867
performance_1163_td=3225
performance_1164_td=BenchA\: Transactions
performance_1165_td=ms
performance_1166_td=5998
performance_1167_td=6829
performance_1168_td=14323
performance_1169_td=11491
performance_1170_td=10571
performance_1171_td=BenchA\: Memory Usage
performance_1172_td=MB
performance_1173_td=9
performance_1174_td=18
performance_1175_td=14
performance_1176_td=1
performance_1177_td=2
performance_1178_td=BenchB\: Init
performance_1179_td=ms
performance_1180_td=5571
performance_1181_td=7553
performance_1182_td=11636
performance_1183_td=12226
performance_1184_td=12553
performance_1185_td=BenchB\: Transactions
performance_1186_td=ms
performance_1187_td=1931
performance_1188_td=3417
performance_1189_td=3435
performance_1190_td=2407
performance_1191_td=2149
performance_1192_td=BenchB\: Memory Usage
performance_1193_td=MB
performance_1194_td=18
performance_1195_td=16
performance_1196_td=13
performance_1197_td=2
performance_1198_td=2
performance_1199_td=BenchC\: Init
performance_1200_td=ms
performance_1201_td=1333
performance_1202_td=968
performance_1203_td=1769
performance_1204_td=1693
performance_1205_td=2645
performance_1206_td=BenchC\: Transactions
performance_1207_td=ms
performance_1208_td=6508
performance_1209_td=4330
performance_1210_td=7910
performance_1211_td=7564
performance_1212_td=6108
performance_1213_td=BenchC\: Memory Usage
performance_1214_td=MB
performance_1215_td=12
performance_1216_td=21
performance_1217_td=14
performance_1218_td=2
performance_1219_td=2
performance_1220_td=Executed statements
performance_1221_td=\#
performance_1222_td=322929
performance_1223_td=322929
performance_1224_td=322929
performance_1225_td=322929
performance_1226_td=322929
performance_1227_td=Total time
performance_1228_td=ms
performance_1229_td=32106
performance_1230_td=34546
performance_1231_td=74245
performance_1232_td=53791
performance_1233_td=53216
performance_1234_td=Statements per second
performance_1235_td=\#
performance_1236_td=10058
performance_1237_td=9347
performance_1238_td=4349
performance_1239_td=6003
performance_1240_td=6068
performance_1241_h3=Benchmark Results and Comments
performance_1242_h4=H2
performance_1243_p=\ Version 1.2.137 (2010-06-06) was used for the test. For most operations, the performance of H2 is about the same as for HSQLDB. One situation where H2 is slow is large result sets, because they are buffered to disk if more than a certain number of records are returned. The advantage of buffering is\: there is no limit on the result set size. 
performance_1244_h4=HSQLDB
performance_1245_p=\ Version 2.0.0 was used for the test. Cached tables are used in this test (<code>hsqldb.default_table_type\=cached</code>), and the write delay is 1 second (<code>SET WRITE_DELAY 1</code>). 
performance_1246_h4=Derby
performance_1247_p=\ Version 10.6.1.0 was used for the test. Derby is clearly the slowest embedded database in this test. This seems to be a structural problem, because all operations are really slow. It will be hard for the developers of Derby to improve the performance to a reasonable level. A few problems have been identified\: leaving autocommit on is a problem for Derby. If it is switched off during the whole test, the results are about 20% better for Derby. Derby calls <code>FileChannel.force(false)</code>, but only twice per log file (not on each commit). Disabling this call improves performance for Derby by about 2%. Unlike H2, Derby does not call <code>FileDescriptor.sync()</code> on each checkpoint. Derby supports a testing mode (system property <code>derby.system.durability\=test</code>) where durability is disabled. According to the documentation, this setting should be used for testing only, as the database may not recover after a crash. Enabling this setting improves performance by a factor of 2.6 (embedded mode) or 1.4 (server mode). Even if enabled, Derby is still less than half as fast as H2 in default mode. 
performance_1248_h4=PostgreSQL
performance_1249_p=\ Version 8.4.4 was used for the test. The following options where changed in <code>postgresql.conf\: fsync \= off, commit_delay \= 1000</code>. PostgreSQL is run in server mode. The memory usage number is incorrect, because only the memory usage of the JDBC driver is measured. 
performance_1250_h4=MySQL
performance_1251_p=\ Version 5.1.47-community was used for the test. MySQL was run with the InnoDB backend. The setting <code>innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit</code> (found in the <code>my.ini / my.cnf</code> file) was set to 0. Otherwise (and by default), MySQL is slow (around 140 statements per second in this test) because it tries to flush the data to disk for each commit. For small transactions (when autocommit is on) this is really slow. But many use cases use small or relatively small transactions. Too bad this setting is not listed in the configuration wizard, and it always overwritten when using the wizard. You need to change this setting manually in the file <code>my.ini / my.cnf</code>, and then restart the service. The memory usage number is incorrect, because only the memory usage of the JDBC driver is measured. 
performance_1252_h4=Firebird
performance_1253_p=\ Firebird 1.5 (default installation) was tested, but the results are not published currently. It is possible to run the performance test with the Firebird database, and any information on how to configure Firebird for higher performance are welcome. 
performance_1254_h4=Why Oracle / MS SQL Server / DB2 are Not Listed
performance_1255_p=\ The license of these databases does not allow to publish benchmark results. This doesn't mean that they are fast. They are in fact quite slow, and need a lot of memory. But you will need to test this yourself. SQLite was not tested because the JDBC driver doesn't support transactions. 
performance_1256_h3=About this Benchmark
performance_1257_h4=How to Run
performance_1258_p=\ This test was as follows\: 
performance_1259_h4=Separate Process per Database
performance_1260_p=\ For each database, a new process is started, to ensure the previous test does not impact the current test. 
performance_1261_h4=Number of Connections
performance_1262_p=\ This is mostly a single-connection benchmark. BenchB uses multiple connections; the other tests use one connection. 
performance_1263_h4=Real-World Tests
performance_1264_p=\ Good benchmarks emulate real-world use cases. This benchmark includes 4 test cases\: BenchSimple uses one table and many small updates / deletes. BenchA is similar to the TPC-A test, but single connection / single threaded (see also\: www.tpc.org). BenchB is similar to the TPC-B test, using multiple connections (one thread per connection). BenchC is similar to the TPC-C test, but single connection / single threaded. 
performance_1265_h4=Comparing Embedded with Server Databases
performance_1266_p=\ This is mainly a benchmark for embedded databases (where the application runs in the same virtual machine as the database engine). However MySQL and PostgreSQL are not Java databases and cannot be embedded into a Java application. For the Java databases, both embedded and server modes are tested. 
performance_1267_h4=Test Platform
performance_1268_p=\ This test is run on Mac OS X 10.6. No virus scanner was used, and disk indexing was disabled. The VM used is Sun JDK 1.6. 
performance_1269_h4=Multiple Runs
performance_1270_p=\ When a Java benchmark is run first, the code is not fully compiled and therefore runs slower than when running multiple times. A benchmark should always run the same test multiple times and ignore the first run(s). This benchmark runs three times, but only the last run is measured. 
performance_1271_h4=Memory Usage
performance_1272_p=\ It is not enough to measure the time taken, the memory usage is important as well. Performance can be improved by using a bigger cache, but the amount of memory is limited. HSQLDB tables are kept fully in memory by default; this benchmark uses 'disk based' tables for all databases. Unfortunately, it is not so easy to calculate the memory usage of PostgreSQL and MySQL, because they run in a different process than the test. This benchmark currently does not print memory usage of those databases. 
performance_1273_h4=Delayed Operations
performance_1274_p=\ Some databases delay some operations (for example flushing the buffers) until after the benchmark is run. This benchmark waits between each database tested, and each database runs in a different process (sequentially). 
performance_1275_h4=Transaction Commit / Durability
performance_1276_p=\ Durability means transaction committed to the database will not be lost. Some databases (for example MySQL) try to enforce this by default by calling <code>fsync()</code> to flush the buffers, but most hard drives don't actually flush all data. Calling the method slows down transaction commit a lot, but doesn't always make data durable. When comparing the results, it is important to think about the effect. Many database suggest to 'batch' operations when possible. This benchmark switches off autocommit when loading the data, and calls commit after each 1000 inserts. However many applications need 'short' transactions at runtime (a commit after each update). This benchmark commits after each update / delete in the simple benchmark, and after each business transaction in the other benchmarks. For databases that support delayed commits, a delay of one second is used. 
performance_1277_h4=Using Prepared Statements
performance_1278_p=\ Wherever possible, the test cases use prepared statements. 
performance_1279_h4=Currently Not Tested\: Startup Time
performance_1280_p=\ The startup time of a database engine is important as well for embedded use. This time is not measured currently. Also, not tested is the time used to create a database and open an existing database. Here, one (wrapper) connection is opened at the start, and for each step a new connection is opened and then closed. 
performance_1281_h2=PolePosition Benchmark
performance_1282_p=\ The PolePosition is an open source benchmark. The algorithms are all quite simple. It was developed / sponsored by db4o. This test was not run for a longer time, so please be aware that the results below are for older database versions (H2 version 1.1, HSQLDB 1.8, Java 1.4). 
performance_1283_th=Test Case
performance_1284_th=Unit
performance_1285_th=H2
performance_1286_th=HSQLDB
performance_1287_th=MySQL
performance_1288_td=Melbourne write
performance_1289_td=ms
performance_1290_td=369
performance_1291_td=249
performance_1292_td=2022
performance_1293_td=Melbourne read
performance_1294_td=ms
performance_1295_td=47
performance_1296_td=49
performance_1297_td=93
performance_1298_td=Melbourne read_hot
performance_1299_td=ms
performance_1300_td=24
performance_1301_td=43
performance_1302_td=95
performance_1303_td=Melbourne delete
performance_1304_td=ms
performance_1305_td=147
performance_1306_td=133
performance_1307_td=176
performance_1308_td=Sepang write
performance_1309_td=ms
performance_1310_td=965
performance_1311_td=1201
performance_1312_td=3213
performance_1313_td=Sepang read
performance_1314_td=ms
performance_1315_td=765
performance_1316_td=948
performance_1317_td=3455
performance_1318_td=Sepang read_hot
performance_1319_td=ms
performance_1320_td=789
performance_1321_td=859
performance_1322_td=3563
performance_1323_td=Sepang delete
performance_1324_td=ms
performance_1325_td=1384
performance_1326_td=1596
performance_1327_td=6214
performance_1328_td=Bahrain write
performance_1329_td=ms
performance_1330_td=1186
performance_1331_td=1387
performance_1332_td=6904
performance_1333_td=Bahrain query_indexed_string
performance_1334_td=ms
performance_1335_td=336
performance_1336_td=170
performance_1337_td=693
performance_1338_td=Bahrain query_string
performance_1339_td=ms
performance_1340_td=18064
performance_1341_td=39703
performance_1342_td=41243
performance_1343_td=Bahrain query_indexed_int
performance_1344_td=ms
performance_1345_td=104
performance_1346_td=134
performance_1347_td=678
performance_1348_td=Bahrain update
performance_1349_td=ms
performance_1350_td=191
performance_1351_td=87
performance_1352_td=159
performance_1353_td=Bahrain delete
performance_1354_td=ms
performance_1355_td=1215
performance_1356_td=729
performance_1357_td=6812
performance_1358_td=Imola retrieve
performance_1359_td=ms
performance_1360_td=198
performance_1361_td=194
performance_1362_td=4036
performance_1363_td=Barcelona write
performance_1364_td=ms
performance_1365_td=413
performance_1366_td=832
performance_1367_td=3191
performance_1368_td=Barcelona read
performance_1369_td=ms
performance_1370_td=119
performance_1371_td=160
performance_1372_td=1177
performance_1373_td=Barcelona query
performance_1374_td=ms
performance_1375_td=20
performance_1376_td=5169
performance_1377_td=101
performance_1378_td=Barcelona delete
performance_1379_td=ms
performance_1380_td=388
performance_1381_td=319
performance_1382_td=3287
performance_1383_td=Total
performance_1384_td=ms
performance_1385_td=26724
performance_1386_td=53962
performance_1387_td=87112
performance_1388_p=\ There are a few problems with the PolePosition test\: 
performance_1389_li=\ HSQLDB uses in-memory tables by default while H2 uses persistent tables. The HSQLDB version included in PolePosition does not support changing this, so you need to replace <code>poleposition-0.20/lib/hsqldb.jar</code> with a newer version (for example <code>hsqldb-1.8.0.7.jar</code>), and then use the setting <code>hsqldb.connecturl\=jdbc\:hsqldb\:file\:data/hsqldb/dbbench2;hsqldb.default_table_type\=cached;sql.enforce_size\=true</code> in the file <code>Jdbc.properties</code>. 
performance_1390_li=HSQLDB keeps the database open between tests, while H2 closes the database (losing all the cache). To change that, use the database URL <code>jdbc\:h2\:file\:data/h2/dbbench;DB_CLOSE_DELAY\=-1</code> 
performance_1391_li=The amount of cache memory is quite important, specially for the PolePosition test. Unfortunately, the PolePosition test does not take this into account. 
performance_1392_h2=Database Performance Tuning
performance_1393_h3=Keep Connections Open or Use a Connection Pool
performance_1394_p=\ If your application opens and closes connections a lot (for example, for each request), you should consider using a <a href\="tutorial.html\#connection_pool">connection pool</a>. Opening a connection using <code>DriverManager.getConnection</code> is specially slow if the database is closed. By default the database is closed if the last connection is closed. 
performance_1395_p=\ If you open and close connections a lot but don't want to use a connection pool, consider keeping a 'sentinel' connection open for as long as the application runs, or use delayed database closing. See also <a href\="features.html\#closing_a_database">Closing a database</a>. 
performance_1396_h3=Use a Modern JVM
performance_1397_p=\ Newer JVMs are faster. Upgrading to the latest version of your JVM can provide a "free" boost to performance. Switching from the default Client JVM to the Server JVM using the <code>-server</code> command-line option improves performance at the cost of a slight increase in start-up time. 
performance_1398_h3=Virus Scanners
performance_1399_p=\ Some virus scanners scan files every time they are accessed. It is very important for performance that database files are not scanned for viruses. The database engine never interprets the data stored in the files as programs, that means even if somebody would store a virus in a database file, this would be harmless (when the virus does not run, it cannot spread). Some virus scanners allow to exclude files by suffix. Ensure files ending with <code>.db</code> are not scanned. 
performance_1400_h3=Using the Trace Options
performance_1401_p=\ If the performance hot spots are in the database engine, in many cases the performance can be optimized by creating additional indexes, or changing the schema. Sometimes the application does not directly generate the SQL statements, for example if an O/R mapping tool is used. To view the SQL statements and JDBC API calls, you can use the trace options. For more information, see <a href\="features.html\#trace_options">Using the Trace Options</a>. 
performance_1402_h3=Index Usage
performance_1403_p=\ This database uses indexes to improve the performance of <code>SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE</code>. If a column is used in the <code>WHERE</code> clause of a query, and if an index exists on this column, then the index can be used. Multi-column indexes are used if all or the first columns of the index are used. Both equality lookup and range scans are supported. Indexes are used to order result sets, but only if the condition uses the same index or no index at all. The results are sorted in memory if required. Indexes are created automatically for primary key and unique constraints. Indexes are also created for foreign key constraints, if required. For other columns, indexes need to be created manually using the <code>CREATE INDEX</code> statement. 
performance_1404_h3=How Data is Stored Internally
performance_1405_p=\ For persistent databases, if a table is created with a single column primary key of type <code>BIGINT, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT</code>, then the data of the table is organized in this way. This is sometimes also called a "clustered index" or "index organized table". 
performance_1406_p=\ H2 internally stores table data and indexes in the form of b-trees. Each b-tree stores entries as a list of unique keys (one or more columns) and data (zero or more columns). The table data is always organized in the form of a "data b-tree" with a single column key of type <code>long</code>. If a single column primary key of type <code>BIGINT, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT</code> is specified when creating the table (or just after creating the table, but before inserting any rows), then this column is used as the key of the data b-tree. If no primary key has been specified, if the primary key column is of another data type, or if the primary key contains more than one column, then a hidden auto-increment column of type <code>BIGINT</code> is added to the table, which is used as the key for the data b-tree. All other columns of the table are stored within the data area of this data b-tree (except for large <code>BLOB, CLOB</code> columns, which are stored externally). 
performance_1407_p=\ For each additional index, one new "index b-tree" is created. The key of this b-tree consists of the indexed columns, plus the key of the data b-tree. If a primary key is created after the table has been created, or if the primary key contains multiple column, or if the primary key is not of the data types listed above, then the primary key is stored in a new index b-tree. 
performance_1408_h3=Optimizer
performance_1409_p=\ This database uses a cost based optimizer. For simple and queries and queries with medium complexity (less than 7 tables in the join), the expected cost (running time) of all possible plans is calculated, and the plan with the lowest cost is used. For more complex queries, the algorithm first tries all possible combinations for the first few tables, and the remaining tables added using a greedy algorithm (this works well for most joins). Afterwards a genetic algorithm is used to test at most 2000 distinct plans. Only left-deep plans are evaluated. 
performance_1410_h3=Expression Optimization
performance_1411_p=\ After the statement is parsed, all expressions are simplified automatically if possible. Operations are evaluated only once if all parameters are constant. Functions are also optimized, but only if the function is constant (always returns the same result for the same parameter values). If the <code>WHERE</code> clause is always false, then the table is not accessed at all. 
performance_1412_h3=COUNT(*) Optimization
performance_1413_p=\ If the query only counts all rows of a table, then the data is not accessed. However, this is only possible if no <code>WHERE</code> clause is used, that means it only works for queries of the form <code>SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table</code>. 
performance_1414_h3=Updating Optimizer Statistics / Column Selectivity
performance_1415_p=\ When executing a query, at most one index per join can be used. If the same table is joined multiple times, for each join only one index is used (the same index could be used for both joins, or each join could use a different index). Example\: for the query <code>SELECT * FROM TEST T1, TEST T2 WHERE T1.NAME\='A' AND T2.ID\=T1.ID</code>, two index can be used, in this case the index on NAME for T1 and the index on ID for T2. 
performance_1416_p=\ If a table has multiple indexes, sometimes more than one index could be used. Example\: if there is a table <code>TEST(ID, NAME, FIRSTNAME)</code> and an index on each column, then two indexes could be used for the query <code>SELECT * FROM TEST WHERE NAME\='A' AND FIRSTNAME\='B'</code>, the index on NAME or the index on FIRSTNAME. It is not possible to use both indexes at the same time. Which index is used depends on the selectivity of the column. The selectivity describes the 'uniqueness' of values in a column. A selectivity of 100 means each value appears only once, and a selectivity of 1 means the same value appears in many or most rows. For the query above, the index on NAME should be used if the table contains more distinct names than first names. 
performance_1417_p=\ The SQL statement <code>ANALYZE</code> can be used to automatically estimate the selectivity of the columns in the tables. This command should be run from time to time to improve the query plans generated by the optimizer. 
performance_1418_h3=In-Memory (Hash) Indexes
performance_1419_p=\ Using in-memory indexes, specially in-memory hash indexes, can speed up queries and data manipulation. 
performance_1420_p=In-memory indexes are automatically used for in-memory databases, but can also be created for persistent databases using <code>CREATE MEMORY TABLE</code>. In many cases, the rows itself will also be kept in-memory. Please note this may cause memory problems for large tables. 
performance_1421_p=\ In-memory hash indexes are backed by a hash table and are usually faster than regular indexes. However, hash indexes only supports direct lookup (<code>WHERE ID \= ?</code>) but not range scan (<code>WHERE ID &lt; ?</code>). To use hash indexes, use HASH as in\: <code>CREATE UNIQUE HASH INDEX</code> and <code>CREATE TABLE ...(ID INT PRIMARY KEY HASH,...)</code>. 
performance_1422_h3=Use Prepared Statements
performance_1423_p=\ If possible, use prepared statements with parameters. 
performance_1424_h3=Prepared Statements and IN(...)
performance_1425_p=\ Avoid generating SQL statements with a variable size IN(...) list. Instead, use a prepared statement with arrays as in the following example\: 
performance_1426_h3=Optimization Examples
performance_1427_p=\ See <code>src/test/org/h2/samples/optimizations.sql</code> for a few examples of queries that benefit from special optimizations built into the database. 
performance_1428_h3=Cache Size and Type
performance_1429_p=\ By default the cache size of H2 is quite small. Consider using a larger cache size, or enable the second level soft reference cache. See also <a href\="features.html\#cache_settings">Cache Settings</a>. 
performance_1430_h3=Data Types
performance_1431_p=\ Each data type has different storage and performance characteristics\: 
performance_1432_li=The <code>DECIMAL/NUMERIC</code> type is slower and requires more storage than the <code>REAL</code> and <code>DOUBLE</code> types. 
performance_1433_li=Text types are slower to read, write, and compare than numeric types and generally require more storage. 
performance_1434_li=See <a href\="advanced.html\#large_objects">Large Objects</a> for information on <code>BINARY</code> vs. <code>BLOB</code> and <code>VARCHAR</code> vs. <code>CLOB</code> performance. 
performance_1435_li=Parsing and formatting takes longer for the <code>TIME</code>, <code>DATE</code>, and <code>TIMESTAMP</code> types than the numeric types. 
performance_1436_code=SMALLINT/TINYINT/BOOLEAN
performance_1437_li=\ are not significantly smaller or faster to work with than <code>INTEGER</code> in most modes. 
performance_1438_h3=Sorted Insert Optimization
performance_1439_p=\ To reduce disk space usage and speed up table creation, an optimization for sorted inserts is available. When used, b-tree pages are split at the insertion point. To use this optimization, add <code>SORTED</code> before the <code>SELECT</code> statement\: 
performance_1440_h2=Using the Built-In Profiler
performance_1441_p=\ A very simple Java profiler is built-in. To use it, use the following template\: 
performance_1442_h2=Application Profiling
performance_1443_h3=Analyze First
performance_1444_p=\ Before trying to optimize performance, it is important to understand where the problem is (what part of the application is slow). Blind optimization or optimization based on guesses should be avoided, because usually it is not an efficient strategy. There are various ways to analyze an application. Sometimes two implementations can be compared using <code>System.currentTimeMillis()</code>. But this does not work for complex applications with many modules, and for memory problems. 
performance_1445_p=\ A simple way to profile an application is to use the built-in profiling tool of java. Example\: 
performance_1446_p=\ Unfortunately, it is only possible to profile the application from start to end. Another solution is to create a number of full thread dumps. To do that, first run <code>jps -l</code> to get the process id, and then run <code>jstack &lt;pid&gt;</code> or <code>kill -QUIT &lt;pid&gt;</code> (Linux) or press Ctrl+C (Windows). 
performance_1447_p=\ A simple profiling tool is included in H2. To use it, the application needs to be changed slightly. Example\: 
performance_1448_p=\ The profiler is built into the H2 Console tool, to analyze databases that open slowly. To use it, run the H2 Console, and then click on 'Test Connection'. Afterwards, click on "Test successful" and you get the most common stack traces, which helps to find out why it took so long to connect. You will only get the stack traces if opening the database took more than a few seconds. 
performance_1449_h2=Database Profiling
performance_1450_p=\ The <code>ConvertTraceFile</code> tool generates SQL statement statistics at the end of the SQL script file. The format used is similar to the profiling data generated when using <code>java -Xrunhprof</code>. For this to work, the trace level needs to be 2 or higher (<code>TRACE_LEVEL_FILE\=2</code>). The easiest way to set the trace level is to append the setting to the database URL, for example\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;TRACE_LEVEL_FILE\=2</code> or <code>jdbc\:h2\:tcp\://localhost/~/test;TRACE_LEVEL_FILE\=2</code>. As an example, execute the the following script using the H2 Console\: 
performance_1451_p=\ After running the test case, convert the <code>.trace.db</code> file using the <code>ConvertTraceFile</code> tool. The trace file is located in the same directory as the database file. 
performance_1452_p=\ The generated file <code>test.sql</code> will contain the SQL statements as well as the following profiling data (results vary)\: 
performance_1453_h2=Statement Execution Plans
performance_1454_p=\ The SQL statement <code>EXPLAIN</code> displays the indexes and optimizations the database uses for a statement. The following statements support <code>EXPLAIN</code>\: <code>SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, MERGE, INSERT</code>. The following query shows that the database uses the primary key index to search for rows\: 
performance_1455_p=\ For joins, the tables in the execution plan are sorted in the order they are processed. The following query shows the database first processes the table <code>INVOICE</code> (using the primary key). For each row, it will additionally check that the value of the column <code>AMOUNT</code> is larger than zero, and for those rows the database will search in the table <code>CUSTOMER</code> (using the primary key). The query plan contains some redundancy so it is a valid statement. 
performance_1456_h3=Displaying the Scan Count
performance_1457_code=EXPLAIN ANALYZE
performance_1458_p=\ additionally shows the scanned rows per table and pages read from disk per table or index. This will actually execute the query, unlike <code>EXPLAIN</code> which only prepares it. The following query scanned 1000 rows, and to do that had to read 85 pages from the data area of the table. Running the query twice will not list the pages read from disk, because they are now in the cache. The <code>tableScan</code> means this query doesn't use an index. 
performance_1459_h3=Special Optimizations
performance_1460_p=\ For certain queries, the database doesn't need to read all rows, or doesn't need to sort the result even if <code>ORDER BY</code> is used. 
performance_1461_p=\ For queries of the form <code>SELECT COUNT(*), MIN(ID), MAX(ID) FROM TEST</code>, the query plan includes the line <code>/* direct lookup */</code> if the data can be read from an index. 
performance_1462_p=\ For queries of the form <code>SELECT DISTINCT CUSTOMER_ID FROM INVOICE</code>, the query plan includes the line <code>/* distinct */</code> if there is an non-unique or multi-column index on this column, and if this column has a low selectivity. 
performance_1463_p=\ For queries of the form <code>SELECT * FROM TEST ORDER BY ID</code>, the query plan includes the line <code>/* index sorted */</code> to indicate there is no separate sorting required. 
performance_1464_p=\ For queries of the form <code>SELECT * FROM TEST GROUP BY ID ORDER BY ID</code>, the query plan includes the line <code>/* group sorted */</code> to indicate there is no separate sorting required. 
performance_1465_h2=Fast Database Import
performance_1466_p=\ To speed up large imports, consider using the following options temporarily\: 
performance_1467_code=SET LOG 0
performance_1468_li=\ (disabling the transaction log) 
performance_1469_code=SET CACHE_SIZE
performance_1470_li=\ (a large cache is faster) 
performance_1471_code=SET LOCK_MODE 0
performance_1472_li=\ (disable locking) 
performance_1473_code=SET UNDO_LOG 0
performance_1474_li=\ (disable the session undo log) 
performance_1475_p=\ These options can be set in the database URL\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test;LOG\=0;CACHE_SIZE\=65536;LOCK_MODE\=0;UNDO_LOG\=0</code>. Most of those options are not recommended for regular use, that means you need to reset them after use. 
performance_1476_p=\ If you have to import a lot of rows, use a PreparedStatement or use CSV import. Please note that <code>CREATE TABLE(...) ... AS SELECT ...</code> is faster than <code>CREATE TABLE(...); INSERT INTO ... SELECT ...</code>. 
quickstart_1000_h1=Quickstart
quickstart_1001_a=\ Embedding H2 in an Application
quickstart_1002_a=\ The H2 Console Application
quickstart_1003_h2=Embedding H2 in an Application
quickstart_1004_p=\ This database can be used in embedded mode, or in server mode. To use it in embedded mode, you need to\: 
quickstart_1005_li=Add the <code>h2*.jar</code> to the classpath (H2 does not have any dependencies) 
quickstart_1006_li=Use the JDBC driver class\: <code>org.h2.Driver</code> 
quickstart_1007_li=The database URL <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test</code> opens the database <code>test</code> in your user home directory 
quickstart_1008_li=A new database is automatically created 
quickstart_1009_h2=The H2 Console Application
quickstart_1010_p=\ The Console lets you access a SQL database using a browser interface. 
quickstart_1011_p=\ If you don't have Windows XP, or if something does not work as expected, please see the detailed description in the <a href\="tutorial.html">Tutorial</a>. 
quickstart_1012_h3=Step-by-Step
quickstart_1013_h4=Installation
quickstart_1014_p=\ Install the software using the Windows Installer (if you did not yet do that). 
quickstart_1015_h4=Start the Console
quickstart_1016_p=\ Click [Start], [All Programs], [H2], and [H2 Console (Command Line)]\:
quickstart_1017_p=\ A new console window appears\:
quickstart_1018_p=\ Also, a new browser page should open with the URL <a href\="http\://localhost\:8082" class\="notranslate">http\://localhost\:8082</a>. You may get a security warning from the firewall. If you don't want other computers in the network to access the database on your machine, you can let the firewall block these connections. Only local connections are required at this time. 
quickstart_1019_h4=Login
quickstart_1020_p=\ Select [Generic H2] and click [Connect]\:
quickstart_1021_p=\ You are now logged in. 
quickstart_1022_h4=Sample
quickstart_1023_p=\ Click on the [Sample SQL Script]\:
quickstart_1024_p=\ The SQL commands appear in the command area.
quickstart_1025_h4=Execute
quickstart_1026_p=\ Click [Run]
quickstart_1027_p=\ On the left side, a new entry TEST is added below the database icon. The operations and results of the statements are shown below the script.
quickstart_1028_h4=Disconnect
quickstart_1029_p=\ Click on [Disconnect]\:
quickstart_1030_p=\ to close the connection. 
quickstart_1031_h4=End
quickstart_1032_p=\ Close the console window. For more information, see the <a href\="tutorial.html">Tutorial</a>. 
roadmap_1000_h1=Roadmap
roadmap_1001_p=\ New (feature) requests will usually be added at the very end of the list. The priority is increased for important and popular requests. Of course, patches are always welcome, but are not always applied as is. See also <a href\="build.html\#providing_patches">Providing Patches</a>. 
roadmap_1002_h2=Version 1.3.x\: Planned Changes
roadmap_1003_li=Enable h2.lobInDatabase (store CLOB and BLOB in the database file). 
roadmap_1004_li=Set ANALYZE_AUTO to 2000 (automatic ANALYZE). 
roadmap_1005_li=Enable FUNCTIONS_IN_SCHEMA (allow to store functions in a schema). 
roadmap_1006_li=Enable SELECT_FOR_UPDATE_MVCC (MVCC and SELECT FOR UPDATE). 
roadmap_1007_li=Enable LARGE_TRANSACTIONS (support for very large transactions). Change documentation for MAX_MEMORY_UNDO in help.csv, because now changes to tables without a primary key can be buffered to disk. Later, change MAX_MEMORY_UNDO to reflect number of bytes instead of record (also remove Constants.UNDO_BLOCK_SIZE). Later, change undo log file format (fillAligned no longer required; var int). 
roadmap_1008_li=Enable NESTED_JOINS (nested joins and right outer joins). 
roadmap_1009_li=Enable OPTIMIZE_OR (convert OR conditions to IN(..) if possible). 
roadmap_1010_li=Enable DROP_RESTRICT (default action for DROP is RESTRICT). Change documentation. 
roadmap_1011_li=Set MAX_MEMORY_ROWS_DISTINCT to a lower value. 
roadmap_1012_li=Enable OPTIMIZE_INSERT_FROM_SELECT (speed up CREATE TABLE ... AS SELECT). 
roadmap_1013_li=Possibly enable QUERY_CACHE_SIZE. 
roadmap_1014_li=Disable DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT (the shutdown hook) by default. 
roadmap_1015_li=For RUNSCRIPT and SCRIPT (commands and tools), use UTF-8 by default (ScriptCommand.charset). 
roadmap_1016_li=Use Lucene 3 by default. 
roadmap_1017_h2=Priority 1
roadmap_1018_li=Bugfixes 
roadmap_1019_li=Test if out of disk space can corrupt a database. 
roadmap_1020_li=More tests with MULTI_THREADED\=1 
roadmap_1021_li=Server side cursors 
roadmap_1022_h2=Priority 2
roadmap_1023_li=Improve test code coverage. 
roadmap_1024_li=Maybe disable shutdown hook (DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT\=FALSE) by default. 
roadmap_1025_li=Access rights\: remember the owner of an object. Create, alter and drop privileges. COMMENT\: allow owner of object to change it. Issue 208. Access rights for schemas. 
roadmap_1026_li=Test multi-threaded in-memory db access. 
roadmap_1027_li=Support hints for the optimizer (which index to use, enforce the join order). 
roadmap_1028_li=Migrate database tool (also from other database engines). For Oracle, maybe use DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL / GET_DEPENDENT_DDL. 
roadmap_1029_li=Full outer joins. 
roadmap_1030_li=Clustering\: support mixed clustering mode (one embedded, others in server mode). 
roadmap_1031_li=Clustering\: reads should be randomly distributed (optional) or to a designated database on RAM (parameter\: READ_FROM\=3). 
roadmap_1032_li=PostgreSQL catalog\: use BEFORE SELECT triggers instead of views over metadata tables. 
roadmap_1033_li=Compatibility\: automatically load functions from a script depending on the mode - see FunctionsMySQL.java, issue 211. 
roadmap_1034_li=Test very large databases and LOBs (up to 256 GB). 
roadmap_1035_li=Sequence\: add features [NO] MINVALUE, MAXVALUE, CYCLE. 
roadmap_1036_li=Deferred integrity checking (DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED). 
roadmap_1037_li=Groovy Stored Procedures\: http\://groovy.codehaus.org/Groovy+SQL 
roadmap_1038_li=Add a migration guide (list differences between databases). 
roadmap_1039_li=Optimization\: automatic index creation suggestion using the trace file? 
roadmap_1040_li=Compression performance\: don't allocate buffers, compress / expand in to out buffer. 
roadmap_1041_li=Rebuild index functionality to shrink index size and improve performance. 
roadmap_1042_li=Don't use deleteOnExit (bug 4513817\: File.deleteOnExit consumes memory). 
roadmap_1043_li=Console\: add accesskey to most important commands (A, AREA, BUTTON, INPUT, LABEL, LEGEND, TEXTAREA). 
roadmap_1044_li=Test performance again with SQL Server, Oracle, DB2. 
roadmap_1045_li=Test with Spatial DB in a box / JTS\: http\://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfs - OpenGIS Implementation Specification. 
roadmap_1046_li=Write more tests and documentation for MVCC (Multi Version Concurrency Control). 
roadmap_1047_li=Find a tool to view large text file (larger than 100 MB), with find, page up and down (like less), truncate before / after. 
roadmap_1048_li=Implement, test, document XAConnection and so on. 
roadmap_1049_li=Pluggable data type (for streaming, hashing, compression, validation, conversion, encryption). 
roadmap_1050_li=CHECK\: find out what makes CHECK\=TRUE slow, move to CHECK2. 
roadmap_1051_li=Drop with invalidate views (so that source code is not lost). Check what other databases do exactly. 
roadmap_1052_li=Index usage for (ID, NAME)\=(1, 'Hi'); document. 
roadmap_1053_li=Make DDL (Data Definition) operations transactional. 
roadmap_1054_li=RANK() and DENSE_RANK(), Partition using OVER(). 
roadmap_1055_li=Set a connection read only (Connection.setReadOnly) or using a connection parameter. 
roadmap_1056_li=Optimizer\: use an index for IS NULL and IS NOT NULL (including linked tables). ID IS NOT NULL could be converted to ID &gt;\= Integer.MIN_VALUE. 
roadmap_1057_li=Access rights\: finer grained access control (grant access for specific functions). 
roadmap_1058_li=Version check\: docs / web console (using Javascript), and maybe in the library (using TCP/IP). 
roadmap_1059_li=Web server classloader\: override findResource / getResourceFrom. 
roadmap_1060_li=Cost for embedded temporary view is calculated wrong, if result is constant. 
roadmap_1061_li=Comparison\: pluggable sort order\: natural sort. 
roadmap_1062_li=Count index range query (count(*) where id between 10 and 20). 
roadmap_1063_li=Performance\: update in-place. 
roadmap_1064_li=Eclipse plugin. 
roadmap_1065_li=Asynchronous queries to support publish/subscribe\: SELECT ... FOR READ WAIT [maxMillisToWait]. See also MS SQL Server "Query Notification". 
roadmap_1066_li=Fulltext search Lucene\: analyzer configuration. 
roadmap_1067_li=Fulltext search (native)\: reader / tokenizer / filter. 
roadmap_1068_li=Linked schema using CSV files\: one schema for a directory of files; support indexes for CSV files. 
roadmap_1069_li=iReport to support H2. 
roadmap_1070_li=Implement missing JDBC API (CallableStatement,...). 
roadmap_1071_li=Compression of the cache. 
roadmap_1072_li=Include SMPT (mail) client (alert on cluster failure, low disk space,...). 
roadmap_1073_li=JSON parser and functions. 
roadmap_1074_li=Server\: client ping from time to time (to avoid timeout - is timeout a problem?). 
roadmap_1075_li=Copy database\: tool with config GUI and batch mode, extensible (example\: compare). 
roadmap_1076_li=Document, implement tool for long running transactions using user-defined compensation statements. 
roadmap_1077_li=Support SET TABLE DUAL READONLY. 
roadmap_1078_li=GCJ\: what is the state now? 
roadmap_1079_li=Events for\: database Startup, Connections, Login attempts, Disconnections, Prepare (after parsing), Web Server. See http\://docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso/fn_dbev_startup.html 
roadmap_1080_li=Optimization\: log compression. 
roadmap_1081_li=ROW_NUMBER() OVER([ORDER BY columnName]). 
roadmap_1082_li=Support standard INFORMATION_SCHEMA tables, as defined in http\://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~shadow/sql/sql1992.txt - specially KEY_COLUMN_USAGE\: http\://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/information-schema.html, http\://www.xcdsql.org/Misc/INFORMATION_SCHEMA%20With%20Rolenames.gif 
roadmap_1083_li=Compatibility\: in MySQL, HSQLDB, /0.0 is NULL; in PostgreSQL, Derby\: division by zero. 
roadmap_1084_li=Functional tables should accept parameters from other tables (see FunctionMultiReturn) SELECT * FROM TEST T, P2C(T.A, T.R). 
roadmap_1085_li=Custom class loader to reload functions on demand. 
roadmap_1086_li=Clustering\: when a database is back alive, automatically synchronize with the master. 
roadmap_1087_li=Test http\://mysql-je.sourceforge.net/ 
roadmap_1088_li=Performance\: automatically build in-memory indexes if the whole table is in memory. 
roadmap_1089_li=H2 Console\: the webclient could support more features like phpMyAdmin. 
roadmap_1090_li=Database file name suffix\: a way to use no or a different suffix (for example using a slash). 
roadmap_1091_li=Use Janino to convert Java to C++. 
roadmap_1092_li=The HELP information schema can be directly exposed in the Console. 
roadmap_1093_li=Maybe use the 0x1234 notation for binary fields, see MS SQL Server. 
roadmap_1094_li=Support Oracle CONNECT BY in some way\: http\://www.adp-gmbh.ch/ora/sql/connect_by.html http\://philip.greenspun.com/sql/trees.html 
roadmap_1095_li=SQL Server 2005, Oracle\: support COUNT(*) OVER(). See http\://www.orafusion.com/art_anlytc.htm 
roadmap_1096_li=SQL 2003\: http\://www.wiscorp.com/sql_2003_standard.zip 
roadmap_1097_li=Version column (number/sequence and timestamp based). 
roadmap_1098_li=Optimize getGeneratedKey\: send last identity after each execute (server). 
roadmap_1099_li=Test and document UPDATE TEST SET (ID, NAME) \= (SELECT ID*10, NAME || '\!' FROM TEST T WHERE T.ID\=TEST.ID). 
roadmap_1100_li=Max memory rows / max undo log size\: use block count / row size not row count. 
roadmap_1101_li=Support 123L syntax as in Java; example\: SELECT (2000000000*2). 
roadmap_1102_li=Implement point-in-time recovery. 
roadmap_1103_li=Option for SCRIPT to only process one or a set of schemas or tables, and append to a file. 
roadmap_1104_li=LIKE\: improved version for larger texts (currently using naive search). 
roadmap_1105_li=Automatically convert to the next 'higher' data type whenever there is an overflow. 
roadmap_1106_li=Throw an exception when the application calls getInt on a Long (optional). 
roadmap_1107_li=Default date format for input and output (local date constants). 
roadmap_1108_li=Support custom Collators. 
roadmap_1109_li=Document ROWNUM usage for reports\: SELECT ROWNUM, * FROM (subquery). 
roadmap_1110_li=File system that writes to two file systems (replication, replicating file system). 
roadmap_1111_li=Standalone tool to get relevant system properties and add it to the trace output. 
roadmap_1112_li=Support 'call proc(1\=value)' (PostgreSQL, Oracle). 
roadmap_1113_li=Console\: improve editing data (Tab, Shift-Tab, Enter, Up, Down, Shift+Del?). 
roadmap_1114_li=Console\: autocomplete Ctrl+Space inserts template. 
roadmap_1115_li=Option to encrypt .trace.db file. 
roadmap_1116_li=Write Behind Cache on SATA leads to data corruption See also http\://sr5tech.com/write_back_cache_experiments.htm and http\://www.jasonbrome.com/blog/archives/2004/04/03/writecache_enabled.html 
roadmap_1117_li=Functions with unknown return or parameter data types\: serialize / deserialize. 
roadmap_1118_li=Auto-Update feature for database, .jar file. 
roadmap_1119_li=ResultSet SimpleResultSet.readFromURL(String url)\: id varchar, state varchar, released timestamp. 
roadmap_1120_li=Partial indexing (see PostgreSQL). 
roadmap_1121_li=Add GUI to build a custom version (embedded, fulltext,...) using build flags. 
roadmap_1122_li=http\://rubyforge.org/projects/hypersonic/ 
roadmap_1123_li=Add a sample application that runs the H2 unit test and writes the result to a file (so it can be included in the user app). 
roadmap_1124_li=Count on a column that can not be null could be optimized to COUNT(*). 
roadmap_1125_li=Table order\: ALTER TABLE TEST ORDER BY NAME DESC (MySQL compatibility). 
roadmap_1126_li=Backup tool should work with other databases as well. 
roadmap_1127_li=Console\: -ifExists doesn't work for the console. Add a flag to disable other dbs. 
roadmap_1128_li=Check if 'FSUTIL behavior set disablelastaccess 1' improves the performance (fsutil behavior query disablelastaccess). 
roadmap_1129_li=Java static code analysis\: http\://pmd.sourceforge.net/ 
roadmap_1130_li=Java static code analysis\: http\://www.eclipse.org/tptp/ 
roadmap_1131_li=Compatibility for CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION. 
roadmap_1132_li=Implement Clob / Blob truncate and the remaining functionality. 
roadmap_1133_li=Tree join functionality. 
roadmap_1134_li=Add multiple columns at the same time with ALTER TABLE .. ADD .. ADD ... 
roadmap_1135_li=Use JDK 1.4 file locking for the database file and for the lock file (but not yet by default); writing a system property to detect concurrent access from the same VM (different classloaders). 
roadmap_1136_li=Pure SQL triggers (example\: update parent table if the child table is changed). 
roadmap_1137_li=Add H2 to Gem (Ruby install system). 
roadmap_1138_li=Order conditions inside AND / OR to optimize the performance. 
roadmap_1139_li=Support Oracle functions\: TRUNC, NVL2, TO_CHAR, TO_DATE, TO_NUMBER. 
roadmap_1140_li=Support linked JCR tables. 
roadmap_1141_li=Read InputStream when executing, as late as possible (maybe only embedded mode). Problem with re-execute. 
roadmap_1142_li=Native fulltext search\: min word length; store word positions. 
roadmap_1143_li=Add an option to the SCRIPT command to generate only portable / standard SQL. 
roadmap_1144_li=Updatable Views (simple cases first). 
roadmap_1145_li=Improve create index performance. 
roadmap_1146_li=Compact databases without having to close the database (vacuum). 
roadmap_1147_li=Implement more JDBC 4.0 features. 
roadmap_1148_li=Support TRANSFORM / PIVOT as in MS Access. 
roadmap_1149_li=SELECT * FROM (VALUES (...), (...), ....) AS alias(f1, ...). 
roadmap_1150_li=Support updatable views with join on primary keys (to extend a table). 
roadmap_1151_li=Public interface for functions (not public static). 
roadmap_1152_li=Support reading the transaction log. 
roadmap_1153_li=Support GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON *. 
roadmap_1154_li=Eliminate undo log records if stored on disk (just one pointer per block, not per record). 
roadmap_1155_li=Feature matrix as in <a href\="http\://www.inetsoftware.de/products/jdbc/mssql/features/default.asp">i-net software</a>. 
roadmap_1156_li=Updatable result set on table without primary key or unique index. 
roadmap_1157_li=Compatibility with Derby and PostgreSQL\: VALUES(1), (2); SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1), (2)) AS myTable(c1). Issue 221. 
roadmap_1158_li=Use LinkedList instead of ArrayList where applicable. 
roadmap_1159_li=Allow execution time prepare for SELECT * FROM CSVREAD(?, 'columnNameString') 
roadmap_1160_li=Support data type INTERVAL 
roadmap_1161_li=Support % operator (modulo). 
roadmap_1162_li=Support JMX\: create an MBean for each database and server (support JConsole). See http\://thedevcloud.blogspot.com/2008/10/displaying-hsql-database-manager-in.html http\://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/lang/management/ManagementFactory.html\#getPlatformMBeanServer() http\://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/management/agent.html 
roadmap_1163_li=Support nested transactions. 
roadmap_1164_li=Add a benchmark for big databases, and one for many users. 
roadmap_1165_li=Compression in the result set (repeating values in the same column) over TCP/IP. 
roadmap_1166_li=Support curtimestamp (like curtime, curdate). 
roadmap_1167_li=Support ANALYZE {TABLE|INDEX} tableName COMPUTE|ESTIMATE|DELETE STATISTICS ptnOption options. 
roadmap_1168_li=Release locks (shared or exclusive) on demand 
roadmap_1169_li=Support OUTER UNION 
roadmap_1170_li=Support parameterized views (similar to CSVREAD, but using just SQL for the definition) 
roadmap_1171_li=A way (JDBC driver) to map an URL (jdbc\:h2map\:c1) to a connection object 
roadmap_1172_li=Support linked tables to the current database 
roadmap_1173_li=Support dynamic linked schema (automatically adding/updating/removing tables) 
roadmap_1174_li=Clustering\: adding a node should be very fast and without interrupting clients (very short lock) 
roadmap_1175_li=Compatibility\: \# is the start of a single line comment (MySQL) but date quote (Access). Mode specific 
roadmap_1176_li=Run benchmarks with JDK 1.5, JDK 1.6, java -server 
roadmap_1177_li=Optimizations\: faster hash function for strings, byte arrays 
roadmap_1178_li=DatabaseEventListener\: callback for all operations (including expected time, RUNSCRIPT) and cancel functionality 
roadmap_1179_li=Benchmark\: add a graph to show how databases scale (performance/database size) 
roadmap_1180_li=Implement a SQLData interface to map your data over to a custom object 
roadmap_1181_li=In the MySQL and PostgreSQL mode, use lower case identifiers by default (DatabaseMetaData.storesLowerCaseIdentifiers \= true) 
roadmap_1182_li=Support multiple directories (on different hard drives) for the same database 
roadmap_1183_li=Server protocol\: use challenge response authentication, but client sends hash(user+password) encrypted with response 
roadmap_1184_li=Support EXEC[UTE] (doesn't return a result set, compatible to MS SQL Server) 
roadmap_1185_li=Support native XML data type 
roadmap_1186_li=Support triggers with a string property or option\: SpringTrigger, OSGITrigger 
roadmap_1187_li=Ability to resize the cache array when resizing the cache 
roadmap_1188_li=Time based cache writing (one second after writing the log) 
roadmap_1189_li=Check state of H2 driver for DDLUtils\: https\://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/DDLUTILS-185 
roadmap_1190_li=Index usage for REGEXP LIKE. 
roadmap_1191_li=Compatibility\: add a role DBA (like ADMIN). 
roadmap_1192_li=Better support multiple processors for in-memory databases. 
roadmap_1193_li=Support N'text' 
roadmap_1194_li=Support compatibility for jdbc\:hsqldb\:res\: 
roadmap_1195_li=Provide an Java SQL builder with standard and H2 syntax 
roadmap_1196_li=Trace\: write OS, file system, JVM,... when opening the database 
roadmap_1197_li=Support indexes for views (probably requires materialized views) 
roadmap_1198_li=Document SET SEARCH_PATH, BEGIN, EXECUTE, parameters 
roadmap_1199_li=Browser\: use Desktop.isDesktopSupported and browse when using JDK 1.6 
roadmap_1200_li=Server\: use one listener (detect if the request comes from an PG or TCP client) 
roadmap_1201_li=Optimize SELECT MIN(ID), MAX(ID), COUNT(*) FROM TEST WHERE ID BETWEEN 100 AND 200 
roadmap_1202_li=Sequence\: PostgreSQL compatibility (rename, create) http\://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.2/static/sql-altersequence.html 
roadmap_1203_li=DISTINCT\: support large result sets by sorting on all columns (additionally) and then removing duplicates. 
roadmap_1204_li=Support a special trigger on all tables to allow building a transaction log reader. 
roadmap_1205_li=File system with a background writer thread; test if this is faster 
roadmap_1206_li=Better document the source code 
roadmap_1207_li=Support select * from dual a left join dual b on b.x\=(select max(x) from dual) 
roadmap_1208_li=Optimization\: don't lock when the database is read-only 
roadmap_1209_li=Issue 146\: Support merge join. 
roadmap_1210_li=Integrate spatial functions from http\://geosysin.iict.ch/irstv-trac/wiki/H2spatial/Download 
roadmap_1211_li=Cluster\: hot deploy (adding a node at runtime) 
roadmap_1212_li=Support DatabaseMetaData.insertsAreDetected\: updatable result sets should detect inserts. 
roadmap_1213_li=Support COSH, SINH, and TANH functions 
roadmap_1214_li=Oracle\: support DECODE method (convert to CASE WHEN). 
roadmap_1215_li=Native search\: support "phrase search", wildcard search (* and ?), case-insensitive search, boolean operators, and grouping 
roadmap_1216_li=Improve documentation of access rights 
roadmap_1217_li=Support opening a database that is in the classpath, maybe using a new file system. Workaround\: detect jar file using getClass().getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource().getLocation(). 
roadmap_1218_li=Support ENUM data type (see MySQL, PostgreSQL, MS SQL Server, maybe others) 
roadmap_1219_li=Remember the user defined data type (domain) of a column 
roadmap_1220_li=MVCC\: support multi-threaded kernel with multi-version concurrency. 
roadmap_1221_li=Support Jackcess (MS Access databases) 
roadmap_1222_li=Built-in methods to write large objects (BLOB and CLOB)\: FILE_WRITE('test.txt', 'Hello World') 
roadmap_1223_li=Improve time to open large databases (see mail 'init time for distributed setup') 
roadmap_1224_li=Move Maven 2 repository from hsql.sf.net to h2database.sf.net 
roadmap_1225_li=Java 1.5 tool\: JdbcUtils.closeSilently(s1, s2,...) 
roadmap_1226_li=Javadoc\: document design patterns used 
roadmap_1227_li=Write an article about SQLInjection (h2/src/docsrc/html/images/SQLInjection.txt) 
roadmap_1228_li=Convert SQL-injection-2.txt to html document, include SQLInjection.java sample 
roadmap_1229_li=Support OUT parameters in user-defined procedures. 
roadmap_1230_li=Web site design\: http\://www.igniterealtime.org/projects/openfire/index.jsp 
roadmap_1231_li=HSQLDB compatibility\: Openfire server uses\: CREATE SCHEMA PUBLIC AUTHORIZATION DBA; CREATE USER SA PASSWORD ""; GRANT DBA TO SA; SET SCHEMA PUBLIC 
roadmap_1232_li=Translation\: use ?? in help.csv 
roadmap_1233_li=Translated .pdf 
roadmap_1234_li=MySQL compatibility\: update test1 t1, test2 t2 set t1.id \= t2.id where t1.id \= t2.id; 
roadmap_1235_li=Recovery tool\: bad blocks should be converted to INSERT INTO SYSTEM_ERRORS(...), and things should go into the .trace.db file 
roadmap_1236_li=RECOVER\=2 to backup the database, run recovery, open the database 
roadmap_1237_li=Recovery should work with encrypted databases 
roadmap_1238_li=Corruption\: new error code, add help 
roadmap_1239_li=Space reuse\: after init, scan all storages and free those that don't belong to a live database object 
roadmap_1240_li=Use FilterIn / FilterOut putStream? 
roadmap_1241_li=Access rights\: add missing features (users should be 'owner' of objects; missing rights for sequences; dropping objects) 
roadmap_1242_li=Support NOCACHE table option (Oracle). 
roadmap_1243_li=Support table partitioning. 
roadmap_1244_li=Index usage for UPDATE ... WHERE .. IN (SELECT...) 
roadmap_1245_li=Add regular javadocs (using the default doclet, but another css) to the homepage. 
roadmap_1246_li=The database should be kept open for a longer time when using the server mode. 
roadmap_1247_li=Javadocs\: for each tool, add a copy &amp; paste sample in the class level. 
roadmap_1248_li=Javadocs\: add @author tags. 
roadmap_1249_li=Fluent API for tools\: Server.createTcpServer().setPort(9081).setPassword(password).start(); 
roadmap_1250_li=MySQL compatibility\: real SQL statement for DESCRIBE TEST 
roadmap_1251_li=Use a default delay of 1 second before closing a database. 
roadmap_1252_li=Write (log) to system table before adding to internal data structures. 
roadmap_1253_li=Doclet (javadocs)\: constructors are not listed. 
roadmap_1254_li=Support direct lookup for MIN and MAX when using WHERE (see todo.txt / Direct Lookup). 
roadmap_1255_li=Support other array types (String[], double[]) in PreparedStatement.setObject(int, Object); 
roadmap_1256_li=MVCC should not be memory bound (uncommitted data is kept in memory in the delta index; maybe using a regular b-tree index solves the problem). 
roadmap_1257_li=Oracle compatibility\: support NLS_DATE_FORMAT. 
roadmap_1258_li=Cluster\: add feature to make sure cluster nodes can not get out of sync (for example by stopping one process). 
roadmap_1259_li=H2 Console\: support CLOB/BLOB download using a link. 
roadmap_1260_li=Support flashback queries as in Oracle. 
roadmap_1261_li=Import / Export of fixed with text files. 
roadmap_1262_li=Support getGeneratedKeys to return multiple rows when used with batch updates. This is supported by MySQL, but not Derby. Both PostgreSQL and HSQLDB don't support getGeneratedKeys. Also support it when using INSERT ... SELECT. 
roadmap_1263_li=HSQLDB compatibility\: automatic data type for SUM if value is the value is too big (by default use the same type as the data). 
roadmap_1264_li=Improve the optimizer to select the right index for special cases\: where id between 2 and 4 and booleanColumn 
roadmap_1265_li=Linked tables\: make hidden columns available (Oracle\: rowid and ora_rowscn columns). 
roadmap_1266_li=H2 Console\: in-place autocomplete. 
roadmap_1267_li=Support large databases\: split database files to multiple directories / disks (similar to tablespaces). 
roadmap_1268_li=Support to assign a primary key index a user defined name. 
roadmap_1269_li=H2 Console\: support configuration option for fixed width (monospace) font. 
roadmap_1270_li=Native fulltext search\: support analyzers (specially for Chinese, Japanese). 
roadmap_1271_li=Automatically compact databases from time to time (as a background process). 
roadmap_1272_li=Test Eclipse DTP. 
roadmap_1273_li=H2 Console\: autocomplete\: keep the previous setting 
roadmap_1274_li=MySQL, MS SQL Server compatibility\: support case sensitive (mixed case) identifiers without quotes. 
roadmap_1275_li=executeBatch\: option to stop at the first failed statement. 
roadmap_1276_li=Implement OLAP features as described here\: http\://www.devx.com/getHelpOn/10MinuteSolution/16573/0/page/5 
roadmap_1277_li=Support Oracle ROWID (unique identifier for each row). 
roadmap_1278_li=Server mode\: improve performance for batch updates. 
roadmap_1279_li=Applets\: support read-only databases in a zip file (accessed as a resource). 
roadmap_1280_li=Long running queries / errors / trace system table. 
roadmap_1281_li=H2 Console should support JaQu directly. 
roadmap_1282_li=Document FTL_SEARCH, FTL_SEARCH_DATA. 
roadmap_1283_li=Sequences\: CURRVAL should be session specific. Compatibility with PostgreSQL. 
roadmap_1284_li=Auto-server\: add option to define the IP address range or list. 
roadmap_1285_li=Index creation using deterministic functions. 
roadmap_1286_li=Support DELETE with TOP or LIMIT. See also\: http\://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/de/delete.html 
roadmap_1287_li=ANALYZE\: for unique indexes that allow null, count the number of null. 
roadmap_1288_li=AUTO_SERVER\: support changing IP addresses (disable a network while the database is open). 
roadmap_1289_li=Avoid using java.util.Calendar internally because it's slow, complicated, and buggy. 
roadmap_1290_li=Support TRUNCATE .. CASCADE like PostgreSQL. 
roadmap_1291_li=Fulltext search\: lazy result generation using SimpleRowSource. 
roadmap_1292_li=Support transformation to join for user defined functions, as for IN(SELECT...). 
roadmap_1293_li=Fulltext search\: support alternative syntax\: WHERE FTL_CONTAINS(name, 'hello'). 
roadmap_1294_li=MySQL compatibility\: support REPLACE, see http\://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/6.0/en/replace.html and issue 73. 
roadmap_1295_li=MySQL compatibility\: support INSERT INTO table SET column1 \= value1, column2 \= value2 
roadmap_1296_li=Docs\: add a one line description for each functions and SQL statements at the top (in the link section). 
roadmap_1297_li=Javadoc search\: weight for titles should be higher ('random' should list Functions as the best match). 
roadmap_1298_li=Replace information_schema tables with regular tables that are automatically re-built when needed. Use indexes. 
roadmap_1299_li=Delete temporary files or objects using finalize. 
roadmap_1300_li=Oracle compatibility\: support calling 0-parameters functions without parenthesis. Make constants obsolete. 
roadmap_1301_li=MySQL, HSQLDB compatibility\: support where 'a'\=1 (not supported by Derby, PostgreSQL) 
roadmap_1302_li=Allow calling function with no parameters without parenthesis. See http\://code.google.com/p/h2database/issues/detail?id\=50 
roadmap_1303_li=CSV\: currently \# is a line comment and can start at any field. Make it optional. 
roadmap_1304_li=Support a data type "timestamp with timezone" using java.util.Calendar. 
roadmap_1305_li=Finer granularity for SLF4J trace - See http\://code.google.com/p/h2database/issues/detail?id\=62 
roadmap_1306_li=Add database creation date and time to the database. 
roadmap_1307_li=Support ASSERTION. 
roadmap_1308_li=MySQL compatibility\: support comparing 1\='a' 
roadmap_1309_li=Support PostgreSQL lock modes\: http\://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/static/explicit-locking.html 
roadmap_1310_li=PostgreSQL compatibility\: test DbVisualizer and Squirrel SQL using a new PostgreSQL JDBC driver. 
roadmap_1311_li=RunScript should be able to read from system in (or quite mode for Shell). 
roadmap_1312_li=Natural join\: support select x from dual natural join dual. 
roadmap_1313_li=Support using system properties in database URLs (may be a security problem). 
roadmap_1314_li=Natural join\: somehow support this\: select a.x, b.x, x from dual a natural join dual b 
roadmap_1315_li=Use the Java service provider mechanism to register file systems and function libraries. 
roadmap_1316_li=MySQL compatibility\: for auto_increment columns, convert 0 to next value (as when inserting NULL). 
roadmap_1317_li=Optimization for multi-column IN\: use an index if possible. Example\: (A, B) IN((1, 2), (2, 3)). 
roadmap_1318_li=Optimization for EXISTS\: convert to inner join or IN(..) if possible. 
roadmap_1319_li=Functions\: support hashcode(value); cryptographic and fast 
roadmap_1320_li=Serialized file lock\: support long running queries. 
roadmap_1321_li=Network\: use 127.0.0.1 if other addresses don't work. 
roadmap_1322_li=Pluggable network protocol (currently Socket/ServerSocket over TCP/IP) - see also TransportServer with master slave replication. 
roadmap_1323_li=Select for update in mvcc mode\: only lock the selected records. 
roadmap_1324_li=Support reading JCR data\: one table per node type; query table; cache option 
roadmap_1325_li=OSGi\: create a sample application, test, document. 
roadmap_1326_li=help.csv\: use complete examples for functions; run as test case. 
roadmap_1327_li=Functions to calculate the memory and disk space usage of a table, a row, or a value. 
roadmap_1328_li=Re-implement PooledConnection; use a lightweight connection object. 
roadmap_1329_li=Doclet\: convert tests in javadocs to a java class. 
roadmap_1330_li=Doclet\: format fields like methods, but support sorting by name and value. 
roadmap_1331_li=Doclet\: shrink the html files. 
roadmap_1332_li=MySQL compatibility\: support SET NAMES 'latin1' - See also http\://code.google.com/p/h2database/issues/detail?id\=56 
roadmap_1333_li=MySQL compatibility\: DELETE .. FROM .. USING - See http\://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/delete.html 
roadmap_1334_li=Allow to scan index backwards starting with a value (to better support ORDER BY DESC). 
roadmap_1335_li=Java Service Wrapper\: try http\://yajsw.sourceforge.net/ 
roadmap_1336_li=Batch parameter for INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE, and commit after each batch. See also MySQL DELETE. 
roadmap_1337_li=MySQL compatibility\: support ALTER TABLE .. MODIFY COLUMN. 
roadmap_1338_li=Use a lazy and auto-close input stream (open resource when reading, close on eof). 
roadmap_1339_li=PostgreSQL compatibility\: generate_series. 
roadmap_1340_li=Connection pool\: 'reset session' command (delete temp tables, rollback, auto-commit true). 
roadmap_1341_li=Improve SQL documentation, see http\://www.w3schools.com/sql/ 
roadmap_1342_li=MySQL compatibility\: DatabaseMetaData.stores*() methods should return the same values. Test with SquirrelSQL. 
roadmap_1343_li=MS SQL Server compatibility\: support DATEPART syntax. 
roadmap_1344_li=Sybase/DB2/Oracle compatibility\: support out parameters in stored procedures - See http\://code.google.com/p/h2database/issues/detail?id\=83 
roadmap_1345_li=Support INTERVAL data type (see Oracle and others). 
roadmap_1346_li=Combine Server and Console tool (only keep Server). 
roadmap_1347_li=Store the Lucene index in the database itself. 
roadmap_1348_li=Support standard MERGE statement\: http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_%28SQL%29 
roadmap_1349_li=Oracle compatibility\: support DECODE(x, ...). 
roadmap_1350_li=MVCC\: compare concurrent update behavior with PostgreSQL and Oracle. 
roadmap_1351_li=HSQLDB compatibility\: CREATE FUNCTION (maybe using a Function interface). 
roadmap_1352_li=HSQLDB compatibility\: support CALL "java.lang.Math.sqrt"(2.0) 
roadmap_1353_li=Support comma as the decimal separator in the CSV tool. 
roadmap_1354_li=Compatibility\: Support jdbc\:default\:connection using ThreadLocal (part of SQLJ) 
roadmap_1355_li=Compatibility\: Java functions with SQLJ Part1 http\://www.acm.org/sigmod/record/issues/9912/standards.pdf.gz 
roadmap_1356_li=Compatibility\: Java functions with SQL/PSM (Persistent Stored Modules) - need to find the documentation. 
roadmap_1357_li=CACHE_SIZE\: automatically use a fraction of Runtime.maxMemory - maybe automatically the second level cache. 
roadmap_1358_li=Support date/time/timestamp as documented in http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601 
roadmap_1359_li=PostgreSQL compatibility\: when in PG mode, treat BYTEA data like PG. 
roadmap_1360_li=Support \=ANY(array) as in PostgreSQL. See also http\://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.0/interactive/arrays.html 
roadmap_1361_li=IBM DB2 compatibility\: support PREVIOUS VALUE FOR sequence. 
roadmap_1362_li=MySQL compatibility\: alter table add index i(c), add constraint c foreign key(c) references t(c); 
roadmap_1363_li=Compatibility\: use different LIKE ESCAPE characters depending on the mode (disable for Derby, HSQLDB, DB2, Oracle, MSSQLServer). 
roadmap_1364_li=Oracle compatibility\: support CREATE SYNONYM table FOR schema.table. 
roadmap_1365_li=Optimize A\=? OR B\=? to UNION if the cost is lower. 
roadmap_1366_li=FTP\: document the server, including -ftpTask option to execute / kill remote processes 
roadmap_1367_li=FTP\: problems with multithreading? 
roadmap_1368_li=FTP\: implement SFTP / FTPS 
roadmap_1369_li=FTP\: access to a database (.csv for a table, a directory for a schema, a file for a lob, a script.sql file). 
roadmap_1370_li=More secure default configuration if remote access is enabled. 
roadmap_1371_li=Improve database file locking (maybe use native file locking). The current approach seems to be problematic if the file system is on a remote share (see Google Group 'Lock file modification time is in the future'). 
roadmap_1372_li=Document internal features such as BELONGS_TO_TABLE, NULL_TO_DEFAULT, SEQUENCE. 
roadmap_1373_li=Issue 107\: Prefer using the ORDER BY index if LIMIT is used. 
roadmap_1374_li=An index on (id, name) should be used for a query\: select * from t where s\=? order by i 
roadmap_1375_li=Support reading sequences using DatabaseMetaData.getTables(null, null, null, new String[]{"SEQUENCE"}). See PostgreSQL. 
roadmap_1376_li=Add option to enable TCP_NODELAY using Socket.setTcpNoDelay(true). 
roadmap_1377_li=Maybe disallow \= within database names (jdbc\:h2\:mem\:MODE\=DB2 means database name MODE\=DB2). 
roadmap_1378_li=Fast alter table add column. 
roadmap_1379_li=Improve concurrency for in-memory database operations. 
roadmap_1380_li=Issue 122\: Support for connection aliases for remote tcp connections. 
roadmap_1381_li=Fast scrambling (strong encryption doesn't help if the password is included in the application). 
roadmap_1382_li=H2 Console\: support -webPassword to require a password to access preferences or shutdown. 
roadmap_1383_li=Issue 126\: The index name should be "IDX_" plus the constraint name unless there is a conflict, in which case append a number. 
roadmap_1384_li=Issue 127\: Support activation/deactivation of triggers 
roadmap_1385_li=Issue 130\: Custom log event listeners 
roadmap_1386_li=Issue 131\: IBM DB2 compatibility\: sysibm.sysdummy1 
roadmap_1387_li=Issue 132\: Use Java enum trigger type. 
roadmap_1388_li=Issue 134\: IBM DB2 compatibility\: session global variables. 
roadmap_1389_li=Cluster\: support load balance with values for each server / auto detect. 
roadmap_1390_li=FTL_SET_OPTION(keyString, valueString) with key stopWords at first. 
roadmap_1391_li=Pluggable access control mechanism. 
roadmap_1392_li=Fulltext search (Lucene)\: support streaming CLOB data. 
roadmap_1393_li=Document/example how to create and read an encrypted script file. 
roadmap_1394_li=Check state of https\://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/OPENJPA-1367 (H2 does support cross joins). 
roadmap_1395_li=Fulltext search (Lucene)\: only prefix column names with _ if they already start with _. Instead of DATA / QUERY / modified use _DATA, _QUERY, _MODIFIED if possible. 
roadmap_1396_li=Support a way to create or read compressed encrypted script files using an API. 
roadmap_1397_li=Scripting language support (Javascript). 
roadmap_1398_li=The network client should better detect if the server is not an H2 server and fail early. 
roadmap_1399_li=H2 Console\: support CLOB/BLOB upload. 
roadmap_1400_li=Database file lock\: detect hibernate / standby / very slow threads (compare system time). 
roadmap_1401_li=Automatic detection of redundant indexes. 
roadmap_1402_li=Maybe reject join without "on" (except natural join). 
roadmap_1403_li=Implement GiST (Generalized Search Tree for Secondary Storage). 
roadmap_1404_li=Function to read a number of bytes/characters from an BLOB or CLOB. 
roadmap_1405_li=Issue 156\: Support SELECT ? UNION SELECT ?. 
roadmap_1406_li=Automatic mixed mode\: support a port range list (to avoid firewall problems). 
roadmap_1407_li=Support the pseudo column rowid, oid, _rowid_. 
roadmap_1408_li=H2 Console / large result sets\: stream early instead of keeping a whole result in-memory 
roadmap_1409_li=Support TRUNCATE for linked tables. 
roadmap_1410_li=UNION\: evaluate INTERSECT before UNION (like most other database except Oracle). 
roadmap_1411_li=Delay creating the information schema, and share metadata columns. 
roadmap_1412_li=TCP Server\: use a nonce (number used once) to protect unencrypted channels against replay attacks. 
roadmap_1413_li=Simplify running scripts and recovery\: CREATE FORCE USER (overwrites an existing user). 
roadmap_1414_li=Support CREATE DATABASE LINK (a custom JDBC driver is already supported). 
roadmap_1415_li=Support large GROUP BY operations. Issue 216. 
roadmap_1416_li=Issue 163\: Allow to create foreign keys on metadata types. 
roadmap_1417_li=Logback\: write a native DBAppender. 
roadmap_1418_li=Cache size\: don't use more cache than what is available. 
roadmap_1419_li=Allow to defragment at runtime (similar to SHUTDOWN DEFRAG) in a background thread. 
roadmap_1420_li=Tree index\: Instead of an AVL tree, use a general balanced trees or a scapegoat tree. 
roadmap_1421_li=User defined functions\: allow to store the bytecode (of just the class, or the jar file of the extension) in the database. 
roadmap_1422_li=Compatibility\: ResultSet.getObject() on a CLOB (TEXT) should return String for PostgreSQL and MySQL. 
roadmap_1423_li=Optimizer\: WHERE X\=? AND Y IN(?), it always uses the index on Y. Should be cost based. 
roadmap_1424_li=Make the cache scan resistant (currently a small cache is faster than a large cache for large table scans). 
roadmap_1425_li=Issue 178\: Optimizer\: index usage when both ascending and descending indexes are available. 
roadmap_1426_li=Issue 179\: Related subqueries in HAVING clause 
roadmap_1427_li=IBM DB2 compatibility\: NOT NULL WITH DEFAULT. Similar to MySQL Mode.convertInsertNullToZero. 
roadmap_1428_li=Creating primary key\: always create a constraint. 
roadmap_1429_li=Maybe use a different page layout\: keep the data at the head of the page, and ignore the tail (don't store / read it). This may increase write / read performance depending on the file system. 
roadmap_1430_li=Indexes of temporary tables are currently kept in-memory. Is this how it should be? 
roadmap_1431_li=The Shell tool should support the same built-in commands as the H2 Console. 
roadmap_1432_li=Maybe use PhantomReference instead of finalize. 
roadmap_1433_li=Database file name suffix\: should only have one dot by default. Example\: .h2db 
roadmap_1434_li=Issue 196\: Function based indexes 
roadmap_1435_li=Fix the disk space leak (killing the process at the exact right moment will increase the disk space usage; this space is not re-used). See TestDiskSpaceLeak.java 
roadmap_1436_li=ROWNUM\: Oracle compatibility when used within a subquery. Issue 198. 
roadmap_1437_li=Allow to access the database over HTTP (possibly using port 80) and a servlet in a REST way. 
roadmap_1438_li=ODBC\: encrypted databases are not supported because the ;CIPHER\= can not be set. 
roadmap_1439_li=Support CLOB and BLOB update, specially conn.createBlob().setBinaryStream(1); 
roadmap_1440_li=Optimizer\: index usage when both ascending and descending indexes are available. Issue 178. 
roadmap_1441_li=Triggers\: support user defined execution order. Oracle\: CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TEST_2 BEFORE INSERT ON TEST FOR EACH ROW FOLLOWS TEST_1. SQL specifies that multiple triggers should be fired in time-of-creation order. PostgreSQL uses name order, which was judged to be more convenient. Derby\: triggers are fired in the order in which they were created. 
roadmap_1442_li=PostgreSQL compatibility\: combine "users" and "roles". See\: http\://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/interactive/user-manag.html 
roadmap_1443_li=Improve documentation of system properties\: only list the property names, default values, and description. 
roadmap_1444_li=Support running totals / cumulative sum using SUM(..) OVER(..). 
roadmap_1445_li=Improve object memory size calculation. Use constants for known VMs, or use reflection to call java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation.getObjectSize(Object objectToSize) 
roadmap_1446_li=Triggers\: NOT NULL checks should be done after running triggers (Oracle behavior, maybe others). 
roadmap_1447_li=Common Table Expression (CTE) / recursive queries\: support INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... Issue 219. 
roadmap_1448_li=Common Table Expression (CTE) / recursive queries\: support non-recursive queries. Issue 217. 
roadmap_1449_li=Common Table Expression (CTE) / recursive queries\: avoid endless loop. Issue 218. 
roadmap_1450_li=Common Table Expression (CTE) / recursive queries\: support multiple named queries. Issue 220. 
roadmap_1451_li=Common Table Expression (CTE) / recursive queries\: identifier scope may be incorrect. Issue 222. 
roadmap_1452_li=Common Table Expression (CTE) / recursive queries\: support parameters. 
roadmap_1453_li=Log long running transactions (similar to long running statements). 
roadmap_1454_li=Support schema specific domains. 
roadmap_1455_li=Parameter data type is data type of other operand. Issue 205. 
roadmap_1456_li=Some combinations of nested join with right outer join are not supported. 
roadmap_1457_li=DatabaseEventListener.openConnection(id) and closeConnection(id). 
roadmap_1458_li=Listener or authentication module for new connections, or a way to restrict the number of different connections to a tcp server, or to prevent to login with the same username and password from different IPs. Possibly using the DatabaseEventListener API, or a new API. 
roadmap_1459_li=Compatibility for data type CHAR (Derby, HSQLDB). Issue 212. 
roadmap_1460_li=Compatibility with MySQL TIMESTAMPDIFF. Issue 209. 
roadmap_1461_li=Optimizer\: use a histogram of the data, specially for non-normal distributions. 
roadmap_1462_li=Trigger\: allow declaring as source code (like functions). 
roadmap_1463_li=User defined aggregate\: allow declaring as source code (like functions). 
roadmap_1464_li=The error "table not found" is sometimes caused by using the wrong database. Add "(this database is empty)" to the exception message if applicable. 
roadmap_1465_li=PostgreSQL compatibility\: support escape with double \\\\. 
roadmap_1466_li=Document the TCP server "management_db". Maybe include the IP address of the client. 
roadmap_1467_li=Use javax.tools.JavaCompilerTool instead of com.sun.tools.javac.Main 
roadmap_1468_li=If a database object was not found in the current schema, but one with the same name existed in another schema, included that in the error message. 
roadmap_1469_li=Optimization to use an index for OR when using multiple keys\: where (key1 \= ? and key2 \= ?) OR (key1 \= ? and key2 \= ?) 
roadmap_1470_li=JaQu should support a DataSource and a way to create a Db object using a Connection (for multi-threaded usage with a connection pool). 
roadmap_1471_li=Move table to a different schema (rename table to a different schema), possibly using ALTER TABLE ... SET SCHEMA ...; 
roadmap_1472_li=nioMapped file system\: automatically fall back to regular (non mapped) IO if there is a problem (out of memory exception for example). 
roadmap_1473_li=Column as parameter of function table. Issue 228. 
roadmap_1474_li=Connection pool\: detect ;AUTOCOMMIT\=FALSE in the database URL, and if set, disable autocommit for all connections. 
roadmap_1475_li=Compatibility with MS Access\: support "&amp;" to concatenate text. 
roadmap_1476_li=The BACKUP statement should not synchronize on the database, and therefore should not block other users. 
roadmap_1477_li=Support ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS. 
roadmap_1478_li=Document the database file format. 
roadmap_1479_li=Support reading LOBs. 
roadmap_1480_li=Require appending DANGEROUS\=TRUE when using certain dangerous settings such as LOG\=0, LOG\=1, LOCK_MODE\=0, disabling FILE_LOCK,... 
roadmap_1481_li=Support for Thread.interrupt to cancel running statements. 
roadmap_1482_li=Oracle compatibility\: support INSERT ALL. 
roadmap_1483_h2=Not Planned
roadmap_1484_li=HSQLDB (did) support this\: select id i from test where i&lt;0 (other databases don't). Supporting it may break compatibility. 
roadmap_1485_li=String.intern (so that Strings can be compared with \=\=) will not be used because some VMs have problems when used extensively. 
roadmap_1486_li=In prepared statements, identifier names (table names and so on) can not be parameterized. Adding such a feature would complicate the source code without providing reasonable speedup, and would slow down regular prepared statements. 
sourceError_1000_h1=Error Analyzer
sourceError_1001_a=Home
sourceError_1002_a=Input
sourceError_1003_h2=&nbsp; <a href\="javascript\:select('details')" id \= "detailsTab">Details</a>&nbsp; <a href\="javascript\:select('source')" id \= "sourceTab">Source Code</a> 
sourceError_1004_p=Paste the error message and stack trace below and click on 'Details' or 'Source Code'\: 
sourceError_1005_b=Error Code\: 
sourceError_1006_b=Product Version\: 
sourceError_1007_b=Message\: 
sourceError_1008_b=More Information\:
sourceError_1009_b=Stack Trace\: 
sourceError_1010_b=Source File\: 
sourceError_1011_p=\ Raw file 
sourceError_1012_p=\ (fast; only Firefox)
tutorial_1000_h1=Tutorial
tutorial_1001_a=\ Starting and Using the H2 Console
tutorial_1002_a=\ Special H2 Console Syntax
tutorial_1003_a=\ Settings of the H2 Console
tutorial_1004_a=\ Connecting to a Database using JDBC
tutorial_1005_a=\ Creating New Databases
tutorial_1006_a=\ Using the Server
tutorial_1007_a=\ Using Hibernate
tutorial_1008_a=\ Using TopLink and Glassfish
tutorial_1009_a=\ Using EclipseLink
tutorial_1010_a=\ Using Apache ActiveMQ
tutorial_1011_a=\ Using H2 within NetBeans
tutorial_1012_a=\ Using Databases in Web Applications
tutorial_1013_a=\ Android
tutorial_1014_a=\ CSV (Comma Separated Values) Support
tutorial_1015_a=\ Upgrade, Backup, and Restore
tutorial_1016_a=\ Command Line Tools
tutorial_1017_a=\ The Shell Tool
tutorial_1018_a=\ Using OpenOffice Base
tutorial_1019_a=\ Java Web Start / JNLP
tutorial_1020_a=\ Using a Connection Pool
tutorial_1021_a=\ Fulltext Search
tutorial_1022_a=\ User-Defined Variables
tutorial_1023_a=\ Date and Time
tutorial_1024_a=\ Using Spring
tutorial_1025_a=\ Java Management Extension (JMX)
tutorial_1026_h2=Starting and Using the H2 Console
tutorial_1027_p=\ The H2 Console application lets you access a SQL database using a browser interface. This can be a H2 database, or another database that supports the JDBC API. 
tutorial_1028_p=\ This is a client / server application, so both a server and a client (a browser) are required to run it. 
tutorial_1029_p=\ Depending on your platform and environment, there are multiple ways to start the application\: 
tutorial_1030_th=OS
tutorial_1031_th=Start
tutorial_1032_td=Windows
tutorial_1033_td=\ Click [Start], [All Programs], [H2], and [H2 Console (Command Line)]
tutorial_1034_td=\ When using the Sun JDK 1.5, a window with the title 'H2 Console ' should appear. When using the Sun JDK 1.6, an icon will be added to the system tray\: 
tutorial_1035_td=\ If you don't get the window and the system tray icon, then maybe Java is not installed correctly (in this case, try another way to start the application). A browser window should open and point to the Login page at <code>http\://localhost\:8082</code>. 
tutorial_1036_td=Windows
tutorial_1037_td=\ Open a file browser, navigate to <code>h2/bin</code>, and double click on <code>h2.bat</code>.
tutorial_1038_td=\ A console window appears. If there is a problem, you will see an error message in this window. A browser window will open and point to the Login page (URL\: <code>http\://localhost\:8082</code>). 
tutorial_1039_td=Any
tutorial_1040_td=\ Double click on the <code>h2*.jar</code> file. This only works if the <code>.jar</code> suffix is associated with java. 
tutorial_1041_td=Any
tutorial_1042_td=\ Open a console window, navigate to the directory <code>h2/bin</code> and type\: 
tutorial_1043_h3=Firewall
tutorial_1044_p=\ If you start the server, you may get a security warning from the firewall (if you have installed one). If you don't want other computers in the network to access the application on your machine, you can let the firewall block those connections. The connection from the local machine will still work. Only if you want other computers to access the database on this computer, you need allow remote connections in the firewall. 
tutorial_1045_p=\ It has been reported that when using Kaspersky 7.0 with firewall, the H2 Console is very slow when connecting over the IP address. A workaround is to connect using localhost, however this only works on the local machine. 
tutorial_1046_p=\ A small firewall is already built into the server\: other computers may not connect to the server by default. To change this, go to 'Preferences' and select 'Allow connections from other computers'. 
tutorial_1047_h3=Testing Java
tutorial_1048_p=\ To find out which version of Java is installed, open a command prompt and type\: 
tutorial_1049_p=\ If you get an error message, you may need to add the Java binary directory to the path environment variable. 
tutorial_1050_h3=Error Message 'Port may be in use'
tutorial_1051_p=\ You can only start one instance of the H2 Console, otherwise you will get the following error message\: "The Web server could not be started. Possible cause\: another server is already running...". It is possible to start multiple console applications on the same computer (using different ports), but this is usually not required as the console supports multiple concurrent connections. 
tutorial_1052_h3=Using another Port
tutorial_1053_p=\ If the port is in use by another application, you may want to start the H2 Console on a different port. This can be done by changing the port in the file <code>.h2.server.properties</code>. This file is stored in the user directory (for Windows, this is usually in <code>Documents and Settings/&lt;username&gt;</code>). The relevant entry is webPort. 
tutorial_1054_h3=Connecting to the Server using a Browser
tutorial_1055_p=\ If the server started successfully, you can connect to it using a web browser. JavaScript needs to be enabled. If you started the server on the same computer as the browser, open the URL <code>http\://localhost\:8082</code>. If you want to connect to the application from another computer, you need to provide the IP address of the server, for example\: <code>http\://192.168.0.2\:8082</code>. If you enabled SSL on the server side, the URL needs to start with <code>https\://</code>. 
tutorial_1056_h3=Multiple Concurrent Sessions
tutorial_1057_p=\ Multiple concurrent browser sessions are supported. As that the database objects reside on the server, the amount of concurrent work is limited by the memory available to the server application. 
tutorial_1058_h3=Login
tutorial_1059_p=\ At the login page, you need to provide connection information to connect to a database. Set the JDBC driver class of your database, the JDBC URL, user name and password. If you are done, click [Connect]. 
tutorial_1060_p=\ You can save and reuse previously saved settings. The settings are stored in a properties file (see <a href\="\#console_settings">Settings of the H2 Console</a>). 
tutorial_1061_h3=Error Messages
tutorial_1062_p=\ Error messages in are shown in red. You can show/hide the stack trace of the exception by clicking on the message. 
tutorial_1063_h3=Adding Database Drivers
tutorial_1064_p=\ Additional database drivers to connect to other databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL, HSQLDB,...) can be registered by adding the Jar file location of the driver to the environment variables <code>H2DRIVERS</code> or <code>CLASSPATH</code>. Example (Windows)\: to add the database driver library <code>C\:\\Programs\\hsqldb\\lib\\hsqldb.jar</code>, set the environment variable <code>H2DRIVERS</code> to <code>C\:\\Programs\\hsqldb\\lib\\hsqldb.jar</code>. 
tutorial_1065_p=\ Multiple drivers can be set; each entry needs to be separated with a <code>;</code> (Windows) or <code>\:</code> (other operating systems). Spaces in the path names are supported. The settings must not be quoted. 
tutorial_1066_h3=Using the H2 Console
tutorial_1067_p=\ The H2 Console application has three main panels\: the toolbar on top, the tree on the left, and the query / result panel on the right. The database objects (for example, tables) are listed on the left panel. Type in a SQL command on the query panel and click 'Run'. The result of the command appears just below the command. 
tutorial_1068_h3=Inserting Table Names or Column Names
tutorial_1069_p=\ The table name and column names can be inserted in the script by clicking them in the tree. If you click on a table while the query is empty, then <code>SELECT * FROM ...</code> is added as well. While typing a query, the table that was used is automatically expanded in the tree. For example if you type <code>SELECT * FROM TEST T WHERE T.</code> then the table TEST is automatically expanded in the tree. 
tutorial_1070_h3=Disconnecting and Stopping the Application
tutorial_1071_p=\ To log out of the database, click 'Disconnect' in the toolbar panel. However, the server is still running and ready to accept new sessions. 
tutorial_1072_p=\ To stop the server, right click on the system tray icon and select [Exit]. If you don't have the system tray icon, navigate to [Preferences] and click [Shutdown], press [Ctrl]+[C] in the console where the server was started (Windows), or close the console window. 
tutorial_1073_h2=Special H2 Console Syntax
tutorial_1074_p=\ The H2 Console supports a few built-in commands. Those are interpreted within the H2 Console, that means they work with any database. They need to be at the beginning of a statement (before any remarks), otherwise they are not parsed correctly. If in doubt, add ';' before the command. 
tutorial_1075_th=Command(s)
tutorial_1076_th=Description
tutorial_1077_td=\ @autocommit_true;
tutorial_1078_td=\ @autocommit_false; 
tutorial_1079_td=\ Enable or disable autocommit. 
tutorial_1080_td=\ @cancel; 
tutorial_1081_td=\ Cancel the currently running statement. 
tutorial_1082_td=\ @columns null null TEST;
tutorial_1083_td=\ @index_info&nbsp;null&nbsp;null&nbsp;TEST;
tutorial_1084_td=\ @tables;
tutorial_1085_td=\ @tables null null TEST;
tutorial_1086_td=\ Call the corresponding DatabaseMetaData.get method. Patterns are case sensitive (usually identifiers are uppercase). For information about the parameters, see the Javadoc documentation. Missing parameters at the end are set to null. The complete list of commands is\: <code> @attributes @best_row_identifier @catalogs @columns @column_privileges @cross_references @exported_keys @imported_keys @index_info @primary_keys @procedures @procedure_columns @schemas @super_tables @super_types @tables @table_privileges @table_types @type_info @udts @version_columns </code> 
tutorial_1087_td=\ @edit select * from test; 
tutorial_1088_td=\ Use an updatable result set. 
tutorial_1089_td=\ @generated&nbsp;insert&nbsp;into&nbsp;test()&nbsp;values(); 
tutorial_1090_td=\ Show the result of <code>Statement.getGeneratedKeys()</code>. 
tutorial_1091_td=\ @history; 
tutorial_1092_td=\ Show the command history. 
tutorial_1093_td=\ @info; 
tutorial_1094_td=\ Display the result of various <code>Connection</code> and <code>DatabaseMetaData</code> methods. 
tutorial_1095_td=\ @list select * from test; 
tutorial_1096_td=\ Show the result set in list format (each column on its own line, with row numbers). 
tutorial_1097_td=\ @loop 1000 select ?, ?/*rnd*/;
tutorial_1098_td=\ @loop 1000 @statement select ?; 
tutorial_1099_td=\ Run the statement this many times. Parameters (<code>?</code>) are set using a loop from 0 up to x - 1. Random values are used for each <code>?/*rnd*/</code>. A Statement object is used instead of a PreparedStatement if <code>@statement</code> is used. Result sets are read until <code>ResultSet.next()</code> returns <code>false</code>. Timing information is printed. 
tutorial_1100_td=\ @maxrows&nbsp;20; 
tutorial_1101_td=\ Set the maximum number of rows to display. 
tutorial_1102_td=\ @memory; 
tutorial_1103_td=\ Show the used and free memory. This will call <code>System.gc()</code>. 
tutorial_1104_td=\ @meta&nbsp;select&nbsp;1; 
tutorial_1105_td=\ List the <code>ResultSetMetaData</code> after running the query. 
tutorial_1106_td=\ @parameter_meta&nbsp;select&nbsp;?; 
tutorial_1107_td=\ Show the result of the <code>PreparedStatement.getParameterMetaData()</code> calls. The statement is not executed. 
tutorial_1108_td=\ @prof_start;
tutorial_1109_td=\ call&nbsp;hash('SHA256',&nbsp;'',&nbsp;1000000);
tutorial_1110_td=\ @prof_stop; 
tutorial_1111_td=\ Start / stop the built-in profiling tool. The top 3 stack traces of the statement(s) between start and stop are listed (if there are 3). 
tutorial_1112_td=\ @prof_stop;
tutorial_1113_td=\ @sleep 10;
tutorial_1114_td=\ @prof_stop; 
tutorial_1115_td=\ Sleep for a number of seconds. Used to profile a long running query or operation that is running in another session (but in the same process). 
tutorial_1116_td=\ @transaction_isolation;
tutorial_1117_td=\ @transaction_isolation&nbsp;2; 
tutorial_1118_td=\ Display (without parameters) or change (with parameters 1, 2, 4, 8) the transaction isolation level. 
tutorial_1119_h2=Settings of the H2 Console
tutorial_1120_p=\ The settings of the H2 Console are stored in a configuration file called <code>.h2.server.properties</code> in you user home directory. For Windows installations, the user home directory is usually <code>C\:\\Documents and Settings\\[username]</code>. The configuration file contains the settings of the application and is automatically created when the H2 Console is first started. 
tutorial_1121_h2=Connecting to a Database using JDBC
tutorial_1122_p=\ To connect to a database, a Java application first needs to load the database driver, and then get a connection. A simple way to do that is using the following code\: 
tutorial_1123_p=\ This code first loads the driver (<code>Class.forName(...)</code>) and then opens a connection (using <code>DriverManager.getConnection()</code>). The driver name is <code>"org.h2.Driver"</code>. The database URL always needs to start with <code>jdbc\:h2\:</code> to be recognized by this database. The second parameter in the <code>getConnection()</code> call is the user name (<code>sa</code> for System Administrator in this example). The third parameter is the password. In this database, user names are not case sensitive, but passwords are. 
tutorial_1124_h2=Creating New Databases
tutorial_1125_p=\ By default, if the database specified in the URL does not yet exist, a new (empty) database is created automatically. The user that created the database automatically becomes the administrator of this database. 
tutorial_1126_p=\ Auto-creating new database can be disabled, see <a href\="features.html\#database_only_if_exists">Opening a Database Only if it Already Exists</a>. 
tutorial_1127_h2=Using the Server
tutorial_1128_p=\ H2 currently supports three server\: a web server (for the H2 Console), a TCP server (for client/server connections) and an PG server (for PostgreSQL clients). Please note that only the web server supports browser connections. The servers can be started in different ways, one is using the <code>Server</code> tool. 
tutorial_1129_h3=Starting the Server Tool from Command Line
tutorial_1130_p=\ To start the <code>Server</code> tool from the command line with the default settings, run\: 
tutorial_1131_p=\ This will start the tool with the default options. To get the list of options and default values, run\: 
tutorial_1132_p=\ There are options available to use other ports, and start or not start parts. 
tutorial_1133_h3=Connecting to the TCP Server
tutorial_1134_p=\ To remotely connect to a database using the TCP server, use the following driver and database URL\: 
tutorial_1135_li=JDBC driver class\: <code>org.h2.Driver</code> 
tutorial_1136_li=Database URL\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:tcp\://localhost/~/test</code> 
tutorial_1137_p=\ For details about the database URL, see also in Features. Please note that you can't connection with a web browser to this URL. You can only connect using a H2 client (over JDBC). 
tutorial_1138_h3=Starting the TCP Server within an Application
tutorial_1139_p=\ Servers can also be started and stopped from within an application. Sample code\: 
tutorial_1140_h3=Stopping a TCP Server from Another Process
tutorial_1141_p=\ The TCP server can be stopped from another process. To stop the server from the command line, run\: 
tutorial_1142_p=\ To stop the server from a user application, use the following code\: 
tutorial_1143_p=\ This function will only stop the TCP server. If other server were started in the same process, they will continue to run. To avoid recovery when the databases are opened the next time, all connections to the databases should be closed before calling this method. To stop a remote server, remote connections must be enabled on the server. Shutting down a TCP server can be protected using the option <code>-tcpPassword</code> (the same password must be used to start and stop the TCP server). 
tutorial_1144_h2=Using Hibernate
tutorial_1145_p=\ This database supports Hibernate version 3.1 and newer. You can use the HSQLDB Dialect, or the native H2 Dialect. Unfortunately the H2 Dialect included in some old versions of Hibernate was buggy. A <a href\="http\://opensource.atlassian.com/projects/hibernate/browse/HHH-3401">patch for Hibernate</a> has been submitted and is now applied. You can rename it to <code>H2Dialect.java</code> and include this as a patch in your application, or upgrade to a version of Hibernate where this is fixed. 
tutorial_1146_p=\ When using compatibility modes such as <code>MODE\=MySQL</code> when using Hibernate is not supported when using <code>H2Dialect</code>. 
tutorial_1147_h2=Using TopLink and Glassfish
tutorial_1148_p=\ To use H2 with Glassfish (or Sun AS), set the Datasource Classname to <code>org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource</code>. You can set this in the GUI at Application Server - Resources - JDBC - Connection Pools, or by editing the file <code>sun-resources.xml</code>\: at element <code>jdbc-connection-pool</code>, set the attribute <code>datasource-classname</code> to <code>org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource</code>. 
tutorial_1149_p=\ The H2 database is compatible with HSQLDB and PostgreSQL. To take advantage of H2 specific features, use the <code>H2Platform</code>. The source code of this platform is included in H2 at <code>src/tools/oracle/toplink/essentials/platform/database/DatabasePlatform.java.txt</code>. You will need to copy this file to your application, and rename it to .java. To enable it, change the following setting in persistence.xml\: 
tutorial_1150_p=\ In old versions of Glassfish, the property name is <code>toplink.platform.class.name</code>. 
tutorial_1151_p=\ To use H2 within Glassfish, copy the h2*.jar to the directory <code>glassfish/glassfish/lib</code>. 
tutorial_1152_h2=Using EclipseLink
tutorial_1153_p=\ To use H2 in EclipseLink, use the platform class <code>org.eclipse.persistence.platform.database.H2Platform</code>. If this platform is not available in your version of EclipseLink, you can use the OraclePlatform instead in many case. See also <a href\="http\://wiki.eclipse.org/EclipseLink/Development/Incubator/Extensions/H2Platform">H2Platform</a>. 
tutorial_1154_h2=Using Apache ActiveMQ
tutorial_1155_p=\ When using H2 as the backend database for Apache ActiveMQ, please use the <code>TransactDatabaseLocker</code> instead of the default locking mechanism. Otherwise the database file will grow without bounds. The problem is that the default locking mechanism uses an uncommitted <code>UPDATE</code> transaction, which keeps the transaction log from shrinking (causes the database file to grow). Instead of using an <code>UPDATE</code> statement, the <code>TransactDatabaseLocker</code> uses <code>SELECT ... FOR UPDATE</code> which is not problematic. To use it, change the ApacheMQ configuration element <code>&lt;jdbcPersistenceAdapter&gt;</code> element, property <code>databaseLocker\="org.apache.activemq.store.jdbc.adapter.TransactDatabaseLocker"</code>. However, using the MVCC mode will again result in the same problem. Therefore, please do not use the MVCC mode in this case. Another (more dangerous) solution is to set <code>useDatabaseLock</code> to false. 
tutorial_1156_h2=Using H2 within NetBeans
tutorial_1157_p=\ The project <a href\="http\://kenai.com/projects/nbh2">H2 Database Engine Support For NetBeans</a> allows you to start and stop the H2 server from within the IDE. 
tutorial_1158_h2=Using Databases in Web Applications
tutorial_1159_p=\ There are multiple ways to access a database from within web applications. Here are some examples if you use Tomcat or JBoss. 
tutorial_1160_h3=Embedded Mode
tutorial_1161_p=\ The (currently) simplest solution is to use the database in the embedded mode, that means open a connection in your application when it starts (a good solution is using a Servlet Listener, see below), or when a session starts. A database can be accessed from multiple sessions and applications at the same time, as long as they run in the same process. Most Servlet Containers (for example Tomcat) are just using one process, so this is not a problem (unless you run Tomcat in clustered mode). Tomcat uses multiple threads and multiple classloaders. If multiple applications access the same database at the same time, you need to put the database jar in the <code>shared/lib</code> or <code>server/lib</code> directory. It is a good idea to open the database when the web application starts, and close it when the web application stops. If using multiple applications, only one (any) of them needs to do that. In the application, an idea is to use one connection per Session, or even one connection per request (action). Those connections should be closed after use if possible (but it's not that bad if they don't get closed). 
tutorial_1162_h3=Server Mode
tutorial_1163_p=\ The server mode is similar, but it allows you to run the server in another process. 
tutorial_1164_h3=Using a Servlet Listener to Start and Stop a Database
tutorial_1165_p=\ Add the h2*.jar file to your web application, and add the following snippet to your web.xml file (between the <code>context-param</code> and the <code>filter</code> section)\: 
tutorial_1166_p=\ For details on how to access the database, see the file <code>DbStarter.java</code>. By default this tool opens an embedded connection using the database URL <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test</code>, user name <code>sa</code>, and password <code>sa</code>. If you want to use this connection within your servlet, you can access as follows\: 
tutorial_1167_code=DbStarter
tutorial_1168_p=\ can also start the TCP server, however this is disabled by default. To enable it, use the parameter <code>db.tcpServer</code> in the file <code>web.xml</code>. Here is the complete list of options. These options need to be placed between the <code>description</code> tag and the <code>listener</code> / <code>filter</code> tags\: 
tutorial_1169_p=\ When the web application is stopped, the database connection will be closed automatically. If the TCP server is started within the <code>DbStarter</code>, it will also be stopped automatically. 
tutorial_1170_h3=Using the H2 Console Servlet
tutorial_1171_p=\ The H2 Console is a standalone application and includes its own web server, but it can be used as a servlet as well. To do that, include the the <code>h2*.jar</code> file in your application, and add the following configuration to your <code>web.xml</code>\: 
tutorial_1172_p=\ For details, see also <code>src/tools/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>. 
tutorial_1173_p=\ To create a web application with just the H2 Console, run the following command\: 
tutorial_1174_h2=Android
tutorial_1175_p=\ You can use this database on an Android device (using the Dalvik VM) instead of or in addition to SQLite. So far, only very few tests and benchmarks were run, but it seems that performance is very similar to SQLite, except for opening and closing a database, which is not yet optimized in H2 (H2 takes about 0.2 seconds, and SQLite about 0.02 seconds). So far, only very few tests have been run, and everything seems to work as expected. Fulltext search was not yet tested, however the native fulltext search should work. 
tutorial_1176_p=\ Reasons to use H2 instead of SQLite are\: 
tutorial_1177_li=Full Unicode support including UPPER() and LOWER() (unlike SQLite). 
tutorial_1178_li=Streaming API for BLOB and CLOB data. 
tutorial_1179_li=Fulltext search. 
tutorial_1180_li=Multiple connections. 
tutorial_1181_li=User defined functions and triggers. 
tutorial_1182_li=Database file encryption. 
tutorial_1183_li=Reading and writing CSV files (this feature can be used out side the database as well). 
tutorial_1184_li=Referential integrity and check constraints. 
tutorial_1185_li=Better data type and SQL support. 
tutorial_1186_li=In-memory databases, read-only databases, linked tables. 
tutorial_1187_li=Better compatibility with other databases which simplifies porting applications. 
tutorial_1188_li=Possibly better performance. 
tutorial_1189_p=\ Currently only the JDBC API is supported (it is planned to support the Android database API in future releases). Both the regular H2 jar file and the smaller <code>h2small-*.jar</code> can be used. To create the smaller jar file, run the command <code>./build.sh jarSmall</code> (Linux / Mac OS) or <code>build.bat jarSmall</code> (Windows). 
tutorial_1190_p=\ The database files needs to be stored in a place that is accessible for the application. Example\: 
tutorial_1191_h2=CSV (Comma Separated Values) Support
tutorial_1192_p=\ The CSV file support can be used inside the database using the functions <code>CSVREAD</code> and <code>CSVWRITE</code>, or it can be used outside the database as a standalone tool. 
tutorial_1193_h3=Reading a CSV File from Within a Database
tutorial_1194_p=\ A CSV file can be read using the function <code>CSVREAD</code>. Example\: 
tutorial_1195_h3=Importing Data from a CSV File
tutorial_1196_p=\ A fast way to load or import data (sometimes called 'bulk load') from a CSV file is to combine table creation with import. Optionally, the column names and data types can be set when creating the table. Another option is to use <code>INSERT INTO ... SELECT</code>. 
tutorial_1197_h3=Writing a CSV File from Within a Database
tutorial_1198_p=\ The built-in function <code>CSVWRITE</code> can be used to create a CSV file from a query. Example\: 
tutorial_1199_h3=Writing a CSV File from a Java Application
tutorial_1200_p=\ The <code>Csv</code> tool can be used in a Java application even when not using a database at all. Example\: 
tutorial_1201_h3=Reading a CSV File from a Java Application
tutorial_1202_p=\ It is possible to read a CSV file without opening a database. Example\: 
tutorial_1203_h2=Upgrade, Backup, and Restore
tutorial_1204_h3=Database Upgrade
tutorial_1205_p=\ The recommended way to upgrade from one version of the database engine to the next version is to create a backup of the database (in the form of a SQL script) using the old engine, and then execute the SQL script using the new engine. 
tutorial_1206_h3=Backup using the Script Tool
tutorial_1207_p=\ There are different ways to backup a database. For example, it is possible to copy the database files. However, this is not recommended while the database is in use. Also, the database files are not human readable and quite large. The recommended way to backup a database is to create a compressed SQL script file. This can be done using the <code>Script</code> tool\: 
tutorial_1208_p=\ It is also possible to use the SQL command <code>SCRIPT</code> to create the backup of the database. For more information about the options, see the SQL command <code>SCRIPT</code>. The backup can be done remotely, however the file will be created on the server side. The built in FTP server could be used to retrieve the file from the server. 
tutorial_1209_h3=Restore from a Script
tutorial_1210_p=\ To restore a database from a SQL script file, you can use the <code>RunScript</code> tool\: 
tutorial_1211_p=\ For more information about the options, see the SQL command <code>RUNSCRIPT</code>. The restore can be done remotely, however the file needs to be on the server side. The built in FTP server could be used to copy the file to the server. It is also possible to use the SQL command <code>RUNSCRIPT</code> to execute a SQL script. SQL script files may contain references to other script files, in the form of <code>RUNSCRIPT</code> commands. However, when using the server mode, the references script files need to be available on the server side. 
tutorial_1212_h3=Online Backup
tutorial_1213_p=\ The <code>BACKUP</code> SQL statement and the <code>Backup</code> tool both create a zip file with all database files. However, the contents of this file are not human readable. 
tutorial_1214_p=\ The resulting backup is transactionally consistent, meaning the consistency and atomicity rules apply. 
tutorial_1215_p=\ The <code>Backup</code> tool (<code>org.h2.tools.Backup</code>) can not be used to create a online backup; the database must not be in use while running this program. 
tutorial_1216_p=\ Creating a backup by copying the database files while the database is running is not supported, except if the file systems support creating snapshots. The problem is that it can't be guaranteed that the data is copied in the right order. 
tutorial_1217_h2=Command Line Tools
tutorial_1218_p=\ This database comes with a number of command line tools. To get more information about a tool, start it with the parameter '-?', for example\: 
tutorial_1219_p=\ The command line tools are\: 
tutorial_1220_code=Backup
tutorial_1221_li=\ creates a backup of a database. 
tutorial_1222_code=ChangeFileEncryption
tutorial_1223_li=\ allows changing the file encryption password or algorithm of a database. 
tutorial_1224_code=Console
tutorial_1225_li=\ starts the browser based H2 Console. 
tutorial_1226_code=ConvertTraceFile
tutorial_1227_li=\ converts a .trace.db file to a Java application and SQL script. 
tutorial_1228_code=CreateCluster
tutorial_1229_li=\ creates a cluster from a standalone database. 
tutorial_1230_code=DeleteDbFiles
tutorial_1231_li=\ deletes all files belonging to a database. 
tutorial_1232_code=Recover
tutorial_1233_li=\ helps recovering a corrupted database. 
tutorial_1234_code=Restore
tutorial_1235_li=\ restores a backup of a database. 
tutorial_1236_code=RunScript
tutorial_1237_li=\ runs a SQL script against a database. 
tutorial_1238_code=Script
tutorial_1239_li=\ allows converting a database to a SQL script for backup or migration. 
tutorial_1240_code=Server
tutorial_1241_li=\ is used in the server mode to start a H2 server. 
tutorial_1242_code=Shell
tutorial_1243_li=\ is a command line database tool. 
tutorial_1244_p=\ The tools can also be called from an application by calling the main or another public method. For details, see the Javadoc documentation. 
tutorial_1245_h2=The Shell Tool
tutorial_1246_p=\ The Shell tool is a simple interactive command line tool. To start it, type\: 
tutorial_1247_p=\ You will be asked for a database URL, JDBC driver, user name, and password. The connection setting can also be set as command line parameters. After connecting, you will get the list of options. The built-in commands don't need to end with a semicolon, but SQL statements are only executed if the line ends with a semicolon <code>;</code>. This allows to enter multi-line statements\: 
tutorial_1248_p=\ By default, results are printed as a table. For results with many column, consider using the list mode\: 
tutorial_1249_h2=Using OpenOffice Base
tutorial_1250_p=\ OpenOffice.org Base supports database access over the JDBC API. To connect to a H2 database using OpenOffice Base, you first need to add the JDBC driver to OpenOffice. The steps to connect to a H2 database are\: 
tutorial_1251_li=Start OpenOffice Writer, go to [Tools], [Options] 
tutorial_1252_li=Make sure you have selected a Java runtime environment in OpenOffice.org / Java 
tutorial_1253_li=Click [Class Path...], [Add Archive...] 
tutorial_1254_li=Select your h2 jar file (location is up to you, could be wherever you choose) 
tutorial_1255_li=Click [OK] (as much as needed), stop OpenOffice (including the Quickstarter) 
tutorial_1256_li=Start OpenOffice Base 
tutorial_1257_li=Connect to an existing database; select [JDBC]; [Next] 
tutorial_1258_li=Example datasource URL\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test</code> 
tutorial_1259_li=JDBC driver class\: <code>org.h2.Driver</code> 
tutorial_1260_p=\ Now you can access the database stored in the current users home directory. 
tutorial_1261_p=\ To use H2 in NeoOffice (OpenOffice without X11)\: 
tutorial_1262_li=In NeoOffice, go to [NeoOffice], [Preferences] 
tutorial_1263_li=Look for the page under [NeoOffice], [Java] 
tutorial_1264_li=Click [Class Path], [Add Archive...] 
tutorial_1265_li=Select your h2 jar file (location is up to you, could be wherever you choose) 
tutorial_1266_li=Click [OK] (as much as needed), restart NeoOffice. 
tutorial_1267_p=\ Now, when creating a new database using the "Database Wizard" \: 
tutorial_1268_li=Click [File], [New], [Database]. 
tutorial_1269_li=Select [Connect to existing database] and the select [JDBC]. Click next. 
tutorial_1270_li=Example datasource URL\: <code>jdbc\:h2\:~/test</code> 
tutorial_1271_li=JDBC driver class\: <code>org.h2.Driver</code> 
tutorial_1272_p=\ Another solution to use H2 in NeoOffice is\: 
tutorial_1273_li=Package the h2 jar within an extension package 
tutorial_1274_li=Install it as a Java extension in NeoOffice 
tutorial_1275_p=\ This can be done by create it using the NetBeans OpenOffice plugin. See also <a href\="http\://wiki.services.openoffice.org/wiki/Extensions_development_java">Extensions Development</a>. 
tutorial_1276_h2=Java Web Start / JNLP
tutorial_1277_p=\ When using Java Web Start / JNLP (Java Network Launch Protocol), permissions tags must be set in the .jnlp file, and the application .jar file must be signed. Otherwise, when trying to write to the file system, the following exception will occur\: <code>java.security.AccessControlException</code>\: access denied (<code>java.io.FilePermission ... read</code>). Example permission tags\: 
tutorial_1278_h2=Using a Connection Pool
tutorial_1279_p=\ For H2, opening a connection is fast if the database is already open. Still, using a connection pool improves performance if you open and close connections a lot. A simple connection pool is included in H2. It is based on the <a href\="http\://www.source-code.biz/snippets/java/8.htm">Mini Connection Pool Manager</a> from Christian d'Heureuse. There are other, more complex, open source connection pools available, for example the <a href\="http\://jakarta.apache.org/commons/dbcp/">Apache Commons DBCP</a>. For H2, it is about twice as faster to get a connection from the built-in connection pool than to get one using <code>DriverManager.getConnection()</code>.The build-in connection pool is used as follows\: 
tutorial_1280_h2=Fulltext Search
tutorial_1281_p=\ H2 includes two fulltext search implementations. One is using Apache Lucene, and the other (the native implementation) stores the index data in special tables in the database. 
tutorial_1282_h3=Using the Native Fulltext Search
tutorial_1283_p=\ To initialize, call\: 
tutorial_1284_p=\ You need to initialize it in each database where you want to use it. Afterwards, you can create a fulltext index for a table using\: 
tutorial_1285_p=\ PUBLIC is the schema name, TEST is the table name. The list of column names (column separated) is optional, in this case all columns are indexed. The index is updated in realtime. To search the index, use the following query\: 
tutorial_1286_p=\ This will produce a result set that contains the query needed to retrieve the data\: 
tutorial_1287_p=\ To get the raw data, use <code>FT_SEARCH_DATA('Hello', 0, 0);</code>. The result contains the columns <code>SCHEMA</code> (the schema name), <code>TABLE</code> (the table name), <code>COLUMNS</code> (an array of column names), and <code>KEYS</code> (an array of objects). To join a table, use a join as in\: <code>SELECT T.* FROM FT_SEARCH_DATA('Hello', 0, 0) FT, TEST T WHERE FT.TABLE\='TEST' AND T.ID\=FT.KEYS[0];</code> 
tutorial_1288_p=\ You can also call the index from within a Java application\: 
tutorial_1289_h3=Using the Lucene Fulltext Search
tutorial_1290_p=\ To use the Lucene full text search, you need the Lucene library in the classpath. Currently Apache Lucene version 2.x is used by default for H2 version 1.2.x, and Lucene version 3.x is used by default for H2 version 1.3.x. How to do that depends on the application; if you use the H2 Console, you can add the Lucene jar file to the environment variables <code>H2DRIVERS</code> or <code>CLASSPATH</code>. To initialize the Lucene fulltext search in a database, call\: 
tutorial_1291_p=\ You need to initialize it in each database where you want to use it. Afterwards, you can create a full text index for a table using\: 
tutorial_1292_p=\ PUBLIC is the schema name, TEST is the table name. The list of column names (column separated) is optional, in this case all columns are indexed. The index is updated in realtime. To search the index, use the following query\: 
tutorial_1293_p=\ This will produce a result set that contains the query needed to retrieve the data\: 
tutorial_1294_p=\ To get the raw data, use <code>FTL_SEARCH_DATA('Hello', 0, 0);</code>. The result contains the columns <code>SCHEMA</code> (the schema name), <code>TABLE</code> (the table name), <code>COLUMNS</code> (an array of column names), and <code>KEYS</code> (an array of objects). To join a table, use a join as in\: <code>SELECT T.* FROM FTL_SEARCH_DATA('Hello', 0, 0) FT, TEST T WHERE FT.TABLE\='TEST' AND T.ID\=FT.KEYS[0];</code> 
tutorial_1295_p=\ You can also call the index from within a Java application\: 
tutorial_1296_h2=User-Defined Variables
tutorial_1297_p=\ This database supports user-defined variables. Variables start with <code>@</code> and can be used wherever expressions or parameters are allowed. Variables are not persisted and session scoped, that means only visible from within the session in which they are defined. A value is usually assigned using the SET command\: 
tutorial_1298_p=\ The value can also be changed using the SET() method. This is useful in queries\: 
tutorial_1299_p=\ Variables that are not set evaluate to <code>NULL</code>. The data type of a user-defined variable is the data type of the value assigned to it, that means it is not necessary (or possible) to declare variable names before using them. There are no restrictions on the assigned values; large objects (LOBs) are supported as well. 
tutorial_1300_h2=Date and Time
tutorial_1301_p=\ Date, time and timestamp values support ISO 8601 formatting, including time zone\: 
tutorial_1302_p=\ If the time zone is not set, the value is parsed using the current time zone setting of the system. Date and time information is stored in H2 database files without time zone information. If the database is opened using another system time zone, the date and time will be the same. That means if you store the value '2000-01-01 12\:00\:00' in one time zone, then close the database and open the database again in a different time zone, you will also get '2000-01-01 12\:00\:00'. Please note that changing the time zone after the H2 driver is loaded is not supported. 
tutorial_1303_h2=Using Spring
tutorial_1304_p=\ Use the following configuration to start and stop the H2 TCP server using the Spring Framework\: 
tutorial_1305_p=\ The <code>destroy-method</code> will help prevent exceptions on hot-redeployment or when restarting the server. 
tutorial_1306_h2=Java Management Extension (JMX)
tutorial_1307_p=\ Management over JMX is supported, but not enabled by default. To enable JMX, append <code>;JMX\=TRUE</code> to the database URL when opening the database. Various tools support JMX, one such tool is the <code>jconsole</code>. When opening the <code>jconsole</code>, connect to the process where the database is open (when using the server mode, you need to connect to the server process). Then go to the <code>MBeans</code> section. Under <code>org.h2</code> you will find one entry per database. The object name of the entry is the database short name, plus the path (each colon is replaced with an underscore character). 
tutorial_1308_p=\ The following attributes and operations are supported\: 
tutorial_1309_code=CacheSize
tutorial_1310_li=\: the cache size currently in use in KB. 
tutorial_1311_code=CacheSizeMax
tutorial_1312_li=\ (read/write)\: the maximum cache size in KB. 
tutorial_1313_code=Exclusive
tutorial_1314_li=\: whether this database is open in exclusive mode or not. 
tutorial_1315_code=FileReadCount
tutorial_1316_li=\: the number of file read operations since the database was opened. 
tutorial_1317_code=FileSize
tutorial_1318_li=\: the file size in KB. 
tutorial_1319_code=FileWriteCount
tutorial_1320_li=\: the number of file write operations since the database was opened. 
tutorial_1321_code=FileWriteCountTotal
tutorial_1322_li=\: the number of file write operations since the database was created. 
tutorial_1323_code=LogMode
tutorial_1324_li=\ (read/write)\: the current transaction log mode. See <code>SET LOG</code> for details. 
tutorial_1325_code=Mode
tutorial_1326_li=\: the compatibility mode (<code>REGULAR</code> if no compatibility mode is used). 
tutorial_1327_code=MultiThreaded
tutorial_1328_li=\: true if multi-threaded is enabled. 
tutorial_1329_code=Mvcc
tutorial_1330_li=\: true if <code>MVCC</code> is enabled. 
tutorial_1331_code=ReadOnly
tutorial_1332_li=\: true if the database is read-only. 
tutorial_1333_code=TraceLevel
tutorial_1334_li=\ (read/write)\: the file trace level. 
tutorial_1335_code=Version
tutorial_1336_li=\: the database version in use. 
tutorial_1337_code=listSettings
tutorial_1338_li=\: list the database settings. 
tutorial_1339_code=listSessions
tutorial_1340_li=\: list the open sessions, including currently executing statement (if any) and locked tables (if any).